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草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (2): 221-236.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025115

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

紫花苜蓿与红豆草在不同生长时期缩合单宁合成差异的比较研究

陈丽娟(), 高荣, 王建喜, 马晖玲   

  1. 甘肃农业大学草业学院,草业生态系统教育部重点实验室,甘肃省草业工程实验室,中-美草地畜牧业可持续发展研究中心,甘肃 兰州 730070
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-01 修回日期:2025-05-21 出版日期:2026-02-20 发布日期:2025-12-24
  • 通讯作者: 马晖玲
  • 作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: mahl@gsau. edu. cn
    陈丽娟(2000-),女,甘肃张掖人,在读硕士。E-mail: clj5534@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    农业生物育种国家科技重大专项(2022ZD0401102);甘肃省高校研究生“创新之星”项目(2025CXZX-838)

A comparative study of differences in condensed tannin synthesis between Medicago sativa and Onobrychis viciifolia at different growth stages

Li-juan CHEN(), Rong GAO, Jian-xi WANG, Hui-ling MA   

  1. Pratacultural College,Gansu Agricultural University,Key Laboratory for Grassland Ecosystem of Ministry of Education,Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province,Sino-U. S. Centers for Grazing Land Ecosystem Sustainability,Lanzhou 730070,China
  • Received:2025-04-01 Revised:2025-05-21 Online:2026-02-20 Published:2025-12-24
  • Contact: Hui-ling MA

摘要:

本研究以‘甘农3号’、‘甘农7号’、‘精英’紫花苜蓿及‘甘肃’红豆草为材料,分析苗期至成熟期6个生长期茎、叶部位总酚、总黄酮、缩合单宁(CT)及次生代谢产物(芦丁、没食子酸、表儿茶素没食子酸酯、表儿茶素、儿茶素)动态积累规律,并测定苯丙烷代谢途径关键酶[苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、4-香豆酸-CoA连接酶(4CL)、肉桂酸-4-羟化酶(C4H)]和类黄酮途径[花青素还原酶(ANR)、无色花色素还原酶(LAR)]活性,以解析缩合单宁合成调控机制。结果表明:1)缩合单宁含量随生育期推进呈显著变化,‘甘肃’红豆草现蕾期、紫花苜蓿结荚期为累积高峰期,且叶部含量普遍高于茎部;2)总黄酮与芦丁含量变化趋势与缩合单宁相似;3)4CL、ANR、PAL、LAR和C4H活性在‘甘肃’红豆草现蕾期、紫花苜蓿结荚期显著升高,表明苯丙烷代谢向缩合单宁合成方向增强。品种间比较显示,‘甘农3号’紫花苜蓿缩合单宁含量在结荚期显著高于其他品种(P<0.05),表示其具有更强单宁合成潜力。本研究明确了 CT 合成关键酶与代谢产物的动态关联,为牧草 CT 代谢调控及高单宁品种选育提供理论依据。

关键词: 紫花苜蓿, 红豆草, 缩合单宁, 酚酸

Abstract:

In this study, we explored the differences in condensed tannin (CT) synthesis and accumulation between alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia). Stems and leaves of the alfalfa cultivars ‘Gannong No. 3’, ‘Gannong No. 7’, and ‘Elite’, and the sainfoin ‘Gansu’ were sampled across six growth stages from seedling to maturity. The contents of total phenolics, total flavonoids, CTs, and secondary metabolites (rutin, gallic acid, epicatechin gallate, epicatechin, catechin) were determined. In addition, to decipher the regulatory mechanism of condensed tannin synthesis, we measured the activities of key enzymes in the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, PAL; 4-coumarate-CoA ligase, 4CL; cinnamate 4-hydroxylase, C4H) and the flavonoid pathway (anthocyanidin reductase, ANR and leucoanthocyanidin reductase, LAR). The results show that: 1) The condensed tannin content varied significantly among growth stages, peaking at the bud stage in O. viciifolia ‘Gansu’ and the pod-setting stage in M. sativa, while the condensed tannin content was generally higher in leaves than in stems. 2) The trends in the contents of total flavonoids and rutin were analogous to those of condensed tannins. 3) The activities of 4CL, ANR, PAL, LAR, and C4H significantly increased at the bud stage of O. viciifolia ‘Gansu’ and the pod-setting stage of M. sativa, indicative of enhanced metabolic flow of the phenylpropanoid pathway towards condensed tannin synthesis. Among the alfalfa varieties, M. sativa ‘Gannong No. 3’ exhibited significantly higher condensed tannin content at the pod-setting stage (P<0.05), suggesting stronger tannin synthesis potential. The results of this study clarify the dynamic correlations between key CT synthesis enzymes and metabolites, providing a theoretical basis for metabolic regulation of CT in forage crops and for breeding high-tannin varieties.

Key words: Medicago sativa, Onobrychis viciifolia, condensed tannins, phenolic acids