草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (3): 170-184.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025136
贾浩滨1(
), 江浩筠1, 李爱华2, 王海波1,3, 林孙权2, 潘月1,4, 霍俊宏1(
), 占今舜1(
)
收稿日期:2025-04-17
修回日期:2025-06-03
出版日期:2026-03-20
发布日期:2026-01-19
通讯作者:
霍俊宏,占今舜
作者简介:zhanjinshun1985@163.com基金资助:
Hao-bin JIA1(
), Hao-yun JIANG1, Ai-hua LI2, Hai-bo WANG1,3, Sun-quan LIN2, Yue PAN1,4, Jun-hong HUO1(
), Jin-shun ZHAN1(
)
Received:2025-04-17
Revised:2025-06-03
Online:2026-03-20
Published:2026-01-19
Contact:
Jun-hong HUO,Jin-shun ZHAN
摘要:
旨在探讨不同精粗比饲粮对广丰山羊生产性能、血清生化指标和瘤胃发酵的影响。选取39只体重相近的健康广丰山羊随机分为3个处理组(n=13),各组精粗比分别为40∶60(I)、45∶55(II)和50∶50(III),试验期为90 d。结果表明:1)不同精粗比饲粮对广丰山羊的体高、胸围、管围、平均日增重、平均日采食量、料肉比等指标均无显著影响(P>0.05);但试验III组体长显著高于试验I组(P<0.05)。2)试验III组的血清总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、总胆固醇含量均显著高于其他各组,四碘甲状腺原氨酸(T4)含量显著低于试验II组,三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)含量显著低于其他各组(P<0.05);试验I组的血清尿素氮含量显著低于其他各组(P<0.05)。3)试验II组肌肉45 min pH值显著高于其他各组,胴体重和熟肉率显著低于其他各组(P<0.05);试验III组的净肉率显著高于试验II组(P<0.05);但试验II组的肌肉赖氨酸、丝氨酸、非必需氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸、甜味氨基酸、山嵛酸、二十碳三烯酸、花生四烯酸和多不饱和脂肪酸含量显著高于试验I组(P<0.05);此外,试验III组的眼肌面积显著低于其他各组(P<0.05);试验III组的剪切力、失水率、滴水损失率和肌肉中己酸含量显著低于试验I组,且其肉色红度、黄度和肌肉脯氨酸含量显著高于试验I组(P<0.05)。4)试验III组的瘤胃乳头长度显著高于试验I组,回肠绒毛长度显著高于试验II组(P<0.05);试验I组的瘤胃器官指数显著低于其他各组,肌纤维直径显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。5)试验III组的瘤胃pH值显著高于试验I组,乙酸/丙酸显著高于试验II组(P<0.05)。综上所述,不同精粗比饲粮能够影响广丰山羊的机体代谢,改善其肌肉品质。
贾浩滨, 江浩筠, 李爱华, 王海波, 林孙权, 潘月, 霍俊宏, 占今舜. 不同精粗比饲粮对广丰山羊生产性能、血清生化、瘤胃发酵的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2026, 35(3): 170-184.
Hao-bin JIA, Hao-yun JIANG, Ai-hua LI, Hai-bo WANG, Sun-quan LIN, Yue PAN, Jun-hong HUO, Jin-shun ZHAN. Effects of diets with different concentrate-to-roughage ratios on the growth rate, serum biochemical indexes, and rumen fermentation of Guangfeng goats[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2026, 35(3): 170-184.
项目 Items | 试验I组Group I | 试验II组Group II | 试验III组Group III |
|---|---|---|---|
| 原料组成Ingredients | |||
| 豆粕Soybean meal (%) | 21.50 | 22.00 | 22.30 |
| 麸皮Wheat bran (%) | 6.00 | 4.00 | 2.70 |
| 玉米Corn (%) | 10.00 | 16.50 | 22.50 |
| 苜蓿草粉Alfalfa powder (%) | 24.00 | 26.00 | 28.00 |
| 甜叶菊渣Stevia residue (%) | 36.00 | 29.00 | 22.00 |
| 预混料Premix1) (%) | 2.50 | 2.50 | 2.50 |
| 合计 Total (%) | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |||
| 代谢能Metabolic energy (ME, MJ·kg-1) | 10.89 | 10.89 | 10.88 |
| 粗蛋白质Crude protein (%) | 18.16 | 18.17 | 18.16 |
| 蛋白能量比Crude protein/metabolic energy | 1.67 | 1.67 | 1.67 |
| 中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber (%) | 22.98 | 22.42 | 22.02 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber (%) | 18.50 | 17.12 | 15.79 |
| 钙Calcium (%) | 0.81 | 0.75 | 0.70 |
| 磷Phosphorus (%) | 0.45 | 0.42 | 0.39 |
| 钙/磷Calcium/phosphorus | 1.81 | 1.81 | 1.80 |
表1 试验饲粮组成和营养水平(干物质基础)
Table 1 Composition and nutrient levels of the experimental diets (dry matter basis)
项目 Items | 试验I组Group I | 试验II组Group II | 试验III组Group III |
|---|---|---|---|
| 原料组成Ingredients | |||
| 豆粕Soybean meal (%) | 21.50 | 22.00 | 22.30 |
| 麸皮Wheat bran (%) | 6.00 | 4.00 | 2.70 |
| 玉米Corn (%) | 10.00 | 16.50 | 22.50 |
| 苜蓿草粉Alfalfa powder (%) | 24.00 | 26.00 | 28.00 |
| 甜叶菊渣Stevia residue (%) | 36.00 | 29.00 | 22.00 |
| 预混料Premix1) (%) | 2.50 | 2.50 | 2.50 |
| 合计 Total (%) | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
| 营养水平Nutrient levels2) | |||
| 代谢能Metabolic energy (ME, MJ·kg-1) | 10.89 | 10.89 | 10.88 |
| 粗蛋白质Crude protein (%) | 18.16 | 18.17 | 18.16 |
| 蛋白能量比Crude protein/metabolic energy | 1.67 | 1.67 | 1.67 |
| 中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber (%) | 22.98 | 22.42 | 22.02 |
| 酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber (%) | 18.50 | 17.12 | 15.79 |
| 钙Calcium (%) | 0.81 | 0.75 | 0.70 |
| 磷Phosphorus (%) | 0.45 | 0.42 | 0.39 |
| 钙/磷Calcium/phosphorus | 1.81 | 1.81 | 1.80 |
| 项目Items | 试验I组Group I | 试验II组Group II | 试验III组Group III | P值P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 体高Body height (cm) | 49.66±0.73a | 48.62±0.81a | 49.08±0.96a | 0.41 |
| 体长Body length (cm) | 47.12±1.09b | 50.59±1.72ab | 51.62±0.66a | 0.01 |
| 胸围Chest circumference (cm) | 58.58±0.74a | 59.43±1.21a | 58.95±0.60a | 0.52 |
| 管围Cannon circumference (cm) | 6.95±0.09a | 7.09±0.13a | 7.12±0.07a | 0.27 |
| 初始重Initial body weight (kg) | 12.31±0.37a | 12.31±0.39a | 12.31±0.40a | 0.99 |
| 末重Final body weight (kg) | 17.17±0.53a | 17.68±1.09a | 17.41±0.53a | 0.89 |
| 平均日采食量Average daily feed intake (ADFI, kg·d-1) | 0.93±0.11a | 0.98±0.14a | 0.94±0.12a | 0.22 |
| 平均日增重Average daily gain (ADG, g·d-1) | 55.97±4.67a | 62.92±8.93a | 60.65±4.86a | 0.47 |
| 料肉比Feed conversion ratio (FCR, F/G) | 17.11±1.39a | 15.04±2.10a | 16.60±1.06a | 0.63 |
表2 不同精粗比饲粮对广丰山羊生长性能的影响
Table 2 Effects of diets with different concentrate-to-roughage ratios on growth performance of Guangfeng goats
| 项目Items | 试验I组Group I | 试验II组Group II | 试验III组Group III | P值P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 体高Body height (cm) | 49.66±0.73a | 48.62±0.81a | 49.08±0.96a | 0.41 |
| 体长Body length (cm) | 47.12±1.09b | 50.59±1.72ab | 51.62±0.66a | 0.01 |
| 胸围Chest circumference (cm) | 58.58±0.74a | 59.43±1.21a | 58.95±0.60a | 0.52 |
| 管围Cannon circumference (cm) | 6.95±0.09a | 7.09±0.13a | 7.12±0.07a | 0.27 |
| 初始重Initial body weight (kg) | 12.31±0.37a | 12.31±0.39a | 12.31±0.40a | 0.99 |
| 末重Final body weight (kg) | 17.17±0.53a | 17.68±1.09a | 17.41±0.53a | 0.89 |
| 平均日采食量Average daily feed intake (ADFI, kg·d-1) | 0.93±0.11a | 0.98±0.14a | 0.94±0.12a | 0.22 |
| 平均日增重Average daily gain (ADG, g·d-1) | 55.97±4.67a | 62.92±8.93a | 60.65±4.86a | 0.47 |
| 料肉比Feed conversion ratio (FCR, F/G) | 17.11±1.39a | 15.04±2.10a | 16.60±1.06a | 0.63 |
| 项目Items | 试验I组Group I | 试验II组Group II | 试验III组Group III | P值P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 总蛋白Total protein (TP, g·L-1) | 66.07±1.38b | 66.80±0.93b | 71.27±0.86a | 0.01 |
| 白蛋白Albumin (ALB, g·L-1) | 26.83±0.78b | 27.10±0.15b | 28.90±0.13a | 0.01 |
| 球蛋白Globulin (GLB, g·L-1) | 39.87±0.76b | 39.40±0.91b | 42.70±0.58a | 0.02 |
| 白蛋白/球蛋白Albumin/globulin | 0.67±0.02a | 0.70±0.02a | 0.67±0.01a | 0.26 |
| 葡萄糖Glucose (GLU, mmol·L-1) | 4.19±0.12a | 3.96±0.07a | 4.00±0.12a | 0.17 |
| 总胆固醇Total cholesterol (TC, mmol·L-1) | 1.78±0.09b | 1.66±0.08b | 2.18±0.11a | 0.00 |
| 甘油三酯Triglyceride (TG, mmol·L-1) | 0.35±0.04a | 0.34±0.04a | 0.50±0.09a | 0.11 |
| 尿素氮Urea nitrogen (BUN, mmol·L-1) | 8.34±0.57b | 10.95±0.64a | 10.93±0.31a | 0.00 |
| 三碘甲状腺原氨酸Triiodothyronine (T3, ng·mL-1) | 1.19±0.04a | 1.15±0.04a | 1.01±0.04b | 0.01 |
| 四碘甲状腺原氨酸Tetraiodothyronine (T4, ng·mL-1) | 69.99±1.88ab | 72.31±2.20a | 65.73±2.05b | 0.04 |
| 生长激素Growth hormone (GH, ng·mL-1) | 6.13±0.33a | 5.88±0.35a | 6.82±0.20a | 0.05 |
| 胰岛素样生长因子1Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1, ng·mL-1) | 156.65±9.81a | 155.97±14.78a | 155.17±8.31a | 0.93 |
| 瘦素Leptin (LEP, ng·mL-1) | 5.87±0.32a | 7.40±0.78a | 6.47±0.50a | 0.09 |
表3 不同精粗比饲粮对广丰山羊血清生化指标的影响
Table 3 Effects of diets with different concentrate-to-roughage ratios on serum biochemical indexes of Guangfeng goats
| 项目Items | 试验I组Group I | 试验II组Group II | 试验III组Group III | P值P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 总蛋白Total protein (TP, g·L-1) | 66.07±1.38b | 66.80±0.93b | 71.27±0.86a | 0.01 |
| 白蛋白Albumin (ALB, g·L-1) | 26.83±0.78b | 27.10±0.15b | 28.90±0.13a | 0.01 |
| 球蛋白Globulin (GLB, g·L-1) | 39.87±0.76b | 39.40±0.91b | 42.70±0.58a | 0.02 |
| 白蛋白/球蛋白Albumin/globulin | 0.67±0.02a | 0.70±0.02a | 0.67±0.01a | 0.26 |
| 葡萄糖Glucose (GLU, mmol·L-1) | 4.19±0.12a | 3.96±0.07a | 4.00±0.12a | 0.17 |
| 总胆固醇Total cholesterol (TC, mmol·L-1) | 1.78±0.09b | 1.66±0.08b | 2.18±0.11a | 0.00 |
| 甘油三酯Triglyceride (TG, mmol·L-1) | 0.35±0.04a | 0.34±0.04a | 0.50±0.09a | 0.11 |
| 尿素氮Urea nitrogen (BUN, mmol·L-1) | 8.34±0.57b | 10.95±0.64a | 10.93±0.31a | 0.00 |
| 三碘甲状腺原氨酸Triiodothyronine (T3, ng·mL-1) | 1.19±0.04a | 1.15±0.04a | 1.01±0.04b | 0.01 |
| 四碘甲状腺原氨酸Tetraiodothyronine (T4, ng·mL-1) | 69.99±1.88ab | 72.31±2.20a | 65.73±2.05b | 0.04 |
| 生长激素Growth hormone (GH, ng·mL-1) | 6.13±0.33a | 5.88±0.35a | 6.82±0.20a | 0.05 |
| 胰岛素样生长因子1Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1, ng·mL-1) | 156.65±9.81a | 155.97±14.78a | 155.17±8.31a | 0.93 |
| 瘦素Leptin (LEP, ng·mL-1) | 5.87±0.32a | 7.40±0.78a | 6.47±0.50a | 0.09 |
| 项目Items | 试验I组Group I | 试验II组Group II | 试验III组Group III | P值P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 宰前活重Live weight before slaughter (kg) | 16.77±0.13a | 16.76±0.46a | 17.35±0.25a | 0.35 |
| 胴体重Carcass weight (kg) | 7.20±0.04a | 6.81±0.05b | 7.25±0.11a | 0.00 |
| 后腿重Hind leg weight (kg) | 1.43±0.01a | 1.37±0.04a | 1.42±0.03a | 0.40 |
| 肋肉厚Rib meat thickness (mm) | 7.00±0.25a | 6.01±0.60a | 7.20±0.32a | 0.16 |
| 背膘厚Backfat thickness (mm) | 1.39±0.04a | 1.28±0.15a | 1.20±0.16a | 0.56 |
| 屠宰率Dressing percentage (%) | 42.34±0.65a | 42.80±0.74a | 42.73±0.23a | 0.84 |
| 眼肌面积Loin muscle area (cm2) | 5.97±0.43a | 6.93±0.37a | 4.74±0.08b | 0.00 |
| 净肉率Net meat percentage (%) | 15.31±0.29ab | 14.60±0.27b | 16.55±0.80a | 0.03 |
| 肉骨比Meat to bone ratio | 3.45±0.16a | 3.23±0.10a | 3.60±0.30a | 0.47 |
| 胴体净肉率Carcass net meat percentage (%) | 36.27±0.22a | 35.51±0.33a | 39.38±2.96a | 0.29 |
表4 不同精粗比饲粮对广丰山羊屠宰性能的影响
Table 4 Effects of diets with different concentrate-to-roughage ratios on slaughter performance of Guangfeng goats
| 项目Items | 试验I组Group I | 试验II组Group II | 试验III组Group III | P值P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 宰前活重Live weight before slaughter (kg) | 16.77±0.13a | 16.76±0.46a | 17.35±0.25a | 0.35 |
| 胴体重Carcass weight (kg) | 7.20±0.04a | 6.81±0.05b | 7.25±0.11a | 0.00 |
| 后腿重Hind leg weight (kg) | 1.43±0.01a | 1.37±0.04a | 1.42±0.03a | 0.40 |
| 肋肉厚Rib meat thickness (mm) | 7.00±0.25a | 6.01±0.60a | 7.20±0.32a | 0.16 |
| 背膘厚Backfat thickness (mm) | 1.39±0.04a | 1.28±0.15a | 1.20±0.16a | 0.56 |
| 屠宰率Dressing percentage (%) | 42.34±0.65a | 42.80±0.74a | 42.73±0.23a | 0.84 |
| 眼肌面积Loin muscle area (cm2) | 5.97±0.43a | 6.93±0.37a | 4.74±0.08b | 0.00 |
| 净肉率Net meat percentage (%) | 15.31±0.29ab | 14.60±0.27b | 16.55±0.80a | 0.03 |
| 肉骨比Meat to bone ratio | 3.45±0.16a | 3.23±0.10a | 3.60±0.30a | 0.47 |
| 胴体净肉率Carcass net meat percentage (%) | 36.27±0.22a | 35.51±0.33a | 39.38±2.96a | 0.29 |
| 项目Items | 指标Index | 试验I组Group I | 试验II组Group II | 试验III组Group III | P值P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 瘤胃Rumen | 重量Weight (g) | 334.80±68.40b | 470.00±15.39a | 470.01±20.91a | 0.04 |
| 器官指数Organ index (%) | 2.39±0.06b | 2.85±0.04a | 2.68±0.09a | 0.02 | |
| 网胃Reticulum | 重量Weight (g) | 76.50±8.30a | 92.47±7.62a | 81.33±7.98a | 0.20 |
| 器官指数Organ index (%) | 0.47±0.05a | 0.55±0.02a | 0.47±0.04a | 0.18 | |
| 瓣胃Omasum | 重量Weight (g) | 68.62±3.03a | 63.02±5.62a | 63.40±5.98a | 0.47 |
| 器官指数Organ index (%) | 0.42±0.03a | 0.37±0.02a | 0.37±0.03a | 0.25 | |
| 皱胃Abomasum | 重量Weight (g) | 148.60±3.77a | 147.62±7.18a | 170.85±15.30a | 0.14 |
| 器官指数Organ index (%) | 0.90±0.03a | 0.90±0.06a | 1.00±0.07a | 0.27 | |
| 心脏Heart | 重量Weight (g) | 83.62±5.98a | 81.17±6.30a | 73.92±2.16a | 0.23 |
| 器官指数Organ index (%) | 0.50±0.03a | 0.49±0.03a | 0.43±0.01a | 0.05 | |
| 肝脏Liver | 重量Weight (g) | 368.22±15.86a | 372.88±30.61a | 362.83±14.18a | 0.76 |
| 器官指数Organ index (%) | 2.23±0.05a | 2.22±0.36a | 2.13±0.07a | 0.38 | |
| 脾脏Spleen | 重量Weight (g) | 40.87±3.07a | 36.07±2.06a | 35.77±1.45a | 0.16 |
| 器官指数Organ index (%) | 0.25±0.01a | 0.22±0.02a | 0.21±0.01a | 0.09 | |
| 肾脏Kidney | 重量Weight (g) | 63.97±2.96a | 68.92±4.43a | 64.55±3.46a | 0.38 |
| 器官指数Organ index (%) | 0.39±0.02a | 0.42±0.02a | 0.38±0.02a | 0.24 | |
| 肺Lung | 重量Weight (g) | 252.22±14.17a | 290.50±20.08a | 283.33±16.36a | 0.15 |
| 器官指数Organ index (%) | 1.53±0.08a | 1.73±0.07a | 1.67±0.11a | 0.14 |
表5 不同精粗比饲粮对广丰山羊器官重量和指数的影响
Table 5 Effects of diets with different concentrate-to-roughage ratios on organ weight and index of Guangfeng goats
| 项目Items | 指标Index | 试验I组Group I | 试验II组Group II | 试验III组Group III | P值P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 瘤胃Rumen | 重量Weight (g) | 334.80±68.40b | 470.00±15.39a | 470.01±20.91a | 0.04 |
| 器官指数Organ index (%) | 2.39±0.06b | 2.85±0.04a | 2.68±0.09a | 0.02 | |
| 网胃Reticulum | 重量Weight (g) | 76.50±8.30a | 92.47±7.62a | 81.33±7.98a | 0.20 |
| 器官指数Organ index (%) | 0.47±0.05a | 0.55±0.02a | 0.47±0.04a | 0.18 | |
| 瓣胃Omasum | 重量Weight (g) | 68.62±3.03a | 63.02±5.62a | 63.40±5.98a | 0.47 |
| 器官指数Organ index (%) | 0.42±0.03a | 0.37±0.02a | 0.37±0.03a | 0.25 | |
| 皱胃Abomasum | 重量Weight (g) | 148.60±3.77a | 147.62±7.18a | 170.85±15.30a | 0.14 |
| 器官指数Organ index (%) | 0.90±0.03a | 0.90±0.06a | 1.00±0.07a | 0.27 | |
| 心脏Heart | 重量Weight (g) | 83.62±5.98a | 81.17±6.30a | 73.92±2.16a | 0.23 |
| 器官指数Organ index (%) | 0.50±0.03a | 0.49±0.03a | 0.43±0.01a | 0.05 | |
| 肝脏Liver | 重量Weight (g) | 368.22±15.86a | 372.88±30.61a | 362.83±14.18a | 0.76 |
| 器官指数Organ index (%) | 2.23±0.05a | 2.22±0.36a | 2.13±0.07a | 0.38 | |
| 脾脏Spleen | 重量Weight (g) | 40.87±3.07a | 36.07±2.06a | 35.77±1.45a | 0.16 |
| 器官指数Organ index (%) | 0.25±0.01a | 0.22±0.02a | 0.21±0.01a | 0.09 | |
| 肾脏Kidney | 重量Weight (g) | 63.97±2.96a | 68.92±4.43a | 64.55±3.46a | 0.38 |
| 器官指数Organ index (%) | 0.39±0.02a | 0.42±0.02a | 0.38±0.02a | 0.24 | |
| 肺Lung | 重量Weight (g) | 252.22±14.17a | 290.50±20.08a | 283.33±16.36a | 0.15 |
| 器官指数Organ index (%) | 1.53±0.08a | 1.73±0.07a | 1.67±0.11a | 0.14 |
| 项目Items | 试验I组Group I | 试验II组Group II | 试验III组Group III | P值P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 熟肉率Cooked meat rate (%) | 63.14±0.68a | 60.37±0.95b | 63.79±0.60a | 0.02 |
| 剪切力Shear force (N·kgf-1) | 79.55±2.70a | 64.75±2.83b | 65.04±2.51b | 0.01 |
| 失水率Rate of water loss (%) | 5.52±0.14b | 6.85±0.32a | 4.05±0.45c | 0.00 |
| 滴水损失率Drip loss rate (%) | 4.99±0.34a | 4.32±0.70ab | 2.65±0.88b | 0.04 |
| 蒸煮损失率Cooking loss rate (%) | 25.15±1.30a | 25.07±0.77a | 21.46±1.84a | 0.15 |
| pH45 min | 6.47±0.05b | 6.67±0.04a | 6.37±0.04b | 0.00 |
| pH24 h | 5.55±0.04a | 5.55±0.06a | 5.81±0.17a | 0.20 |
| 肉色红度Redness (a*) | 64.44±0.07b | 64.65±0.22b | 65.33±0.13a | 0.01 |
| 肉色黄度Yellowness (b*) | 20.48±0.03b | 21.07±0.23ab | 21.15±0.24a | 0.02 |
| 肉色亮度Lightness (L*) | 39.01±1.14a | 36.86±0.22a | 39.36±2.09a | 0.42 |
表6 不同精粗比饲粮对广丰山羊肉质性状的影响
Table 6 Effects of diets with different concentrate-to-roughage ratios on meat quality traits of Guangfeng goats
| 项目Items | 试验I组Group I | 试验II组Group II | 试验III组Group III | P值P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 熟肉率Cooked meat rate (%) | 63.14±0.68a | 60.37±0.95b | 63.79±0.60a | 0.02 |
| 剪切力Shear force (N·kgf-1) | 79.55±2.70a | 64.75±2.83b | 65.04±2.51b | 0.01 |
| 失水率Rate of water loss (%) | 5.52±0.14b | 6.85±0.32a | 4.05±0.45c | 0.00 |
| 滴水损失率Drip loss rate (%) | 4.99±0.34a | 4.32±0.70ab | 2.65±0.88b | 0.04 |
| 蒸煮损失率Cooking loss rate (%) | 25.15±1.30a | 25.07±0.77a | 21.46±1.84a | 0.15 |
| pH45 min | 6.47±0.05b | 6.67±0.04a | 6.37±0.04b | 0.00 |
| pH24 h | 5.55±0.04a | 5.55±0.06a | 5.81±0.17a | 0.20 |
| 肉色红度Redness (a*) | 64.44±0.07b | 64.65±0.22b | 65.33±0.13a | 0.01 |
| 肉色黄度Yellowness (b*) | 20.48±0.03b | 21.07±0.23ab | 21.15±0.24a | 0.02 |
| 肉色亮度Lightness (L*) | 39.01±1.14a | 36.86±0.22a | 39.36±2.09a | 0.42 |
项目 Items | 试验I组 Group I (g·100 g-1) | 试验II组 Group II (g·100 g-1) | 试验III组 Group III (g·100 g-1) | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 必需氨基酸Essential amino acids | 4.03±0.09a | 4.31±0.17a | 4.36±0.29a | 0.09 |
| 缬氨酸Valine | 0.47±0.01a | 0.48±0.02a | 0.50±0.02a | 0.20 |
| 蛋氨酸Methionine | 0.22±0.01a | 0.17±0.04a | 0.23±0.02a | 0.20 |
| 异亮氨酸Isoleucine | 0.44±0.01a | 0.45±0.02a | 0.46±0.02a | 0.38 |
| 亮氨酸Leucine | 0.98±0.02a | 1.02±0.04a | 1.06±0.05a | 0.22 |
| 苯丙氨酸Phenylalanine | 0.37±0.01a | 0.38±0.01a | 0.40±0.02a | 0.18 |
| 赖氨酸Lysine | 1.20±0.02b | 1.42±0.02a | 1.32±0.15ab | 0.01 |
| 苏氨酸Threonine | 0.36±0.01a | 0.38±0.02a | 0.40±0.03a | 0.19 |
| 非必需氨基酸Non-essential amino acids | 6.84±0.24b | 8.04±0.22a | 7.91±0.74ab | 0.03 |
| 天冬氨酸Aspartic acid | 0.87±0.06a | 1.35±0.12a | 1.21±0.27a | 0.10 |
| 谷氨酸Glutamate | 2.47±0.07a | 2.74±0.07a | 2.71±0.15a | 0.09 |
| 丝氨酸Serine | 0.50±0.02b | 0.59±0.01a | 0.55±0.05ab | 0.03 |
| 甘氨酸Glycine | 0.41±0.01a | 0.47±0.03a | 0.51±0.05a | 0.07 |
| 组氨酸Histidine | 0.29±0.04a | 0.35±0.02a | 0.29±0.06a | 0.33 |
| 精氨酸Arginine | 0.85±0.02a | 0.97±0.11a | 1.01±0.16a | 0.37 |
| 丙氨酸Alanine | 0.67±0.01a | 0.73±0.03a | 0.75±0.03a | 0.07 |
| 脯氨酸Proline | 0.30±0.00b | 0.33±0.02ab | 0.35±0.02a | 0.03 |
| 酪氨酸Tyrosine | 0.50±0.02a | 0.51±0.02a | 0.53±0.02a | 0.31 |
| 总氨基酸Total amino acids | 10.87±0.32a | 12.34±0.36a | 12.27±1.02a | 0.07 |
| 鲜味氨基酸Umami taste of amino acids | 3.34±0.12b | 4.09±0.13a | 3.92±0.41ab | 0.02 |
| 甜味氨基酸Sweet taste of amino acids | 3.42±0.07b | 3.91±0.11a | 3.88±0.30ab | 0.04 |
| 苦味氨基酸Bitter taste of amino acids | 4.11±0.13a | 4.34±0.24a | 4.47±0.32a | 0.34 |
表7 不同精粗比饲粮对背最长肌氨基酸含量的影响
Table 7 Effects of diets with different concentrate-to-roughage ratios on amino acids of the longest back muscle of Guangfeng goats
项目 Items | 试验I组 Group I (g·100 g-1) | 试验II组 Group II (g·100 g-1) | 试验III组 Group III (g·100 g-1) | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 必需氨基酸Essential amino acids | 4.03±0.09a | 4.31±0.17a | 4.36±0.29a | 0.09 |
| 缬氨酸Valine | 0.47±0.01a | 0.48±0.02a | 0.50±0.02a | 0.20 |
| 蛋氨酸Methionine | 0.22±0.01a | 0.17±0.04a | 0.23±0.02a | 0.20 |
| 异亮氨酸Isoleucine | 0.44±0.01a | 0.45±0.02a | 0.46±0.02a | 0.38 |
| 亮氨酸Leucine | 0.98±0.02a | 1.02±0.04a | 1.06±0.05a | 0.22 |
| 苯丙氨酸Phenylalanine | 0.37±0.01a | 0.38±0.01a | 0.40±0.02a | 0.18 |
| 赖氨酸Lysine | 1.20±0.02b | 1.42±0.02a | 1.32±0.15ab | 0.01 |
| 苏氨酸Threonine | 0.36±0.01a | 0.38±0.02a | 0.40±0.03a | 0.19 |
| 非必需氨基酸Non-essential amino acids | 6.84±0.24b | 8.04±0.22a | 7.91±0.74ab | 0.03 |
| 天冬氨酸Aspartic acid | 0.87±0.06a | 1.35±0.12a | 1.21±0.27a | 0.10 |
| 谷氨酸Glutamate | 2.47±0.07a | 2.74±0.07a | 2.71±0.15a | 0.09 |
| 丝氨酸Serine | 0.50±0.02b | 0.59±0.01a | 0.55±0.05ab | 0.03 |
| 甘氨酸Glycine | 0.41±0.01a | 0.47±0.03a | 0.51±0.05a | 0.07 |
| 组氨酸Histidine | 0.29±0.04a | 0.35±0.02a | 0.29±0.06a | 0.33 |
| 精氨酸Arginine | 0.85±0.02a | 0.97±0.11a | 1.01±0.16a | 0.37 |
| 丙氨酸Alanine | 0.67±0.01a | 0.73±0.03a | 0.75±0.03a | 0.07 |
| 脯氨酸Proline | 0.30±0.00b | 0.33±0.02ab | 0.35±0.02a | 0.03 |
| 酪氨酸Tyrosine | 0.50±0.02a | 0.51±0.02a | 0.53±0.02a | 0.31 |
| 总氨基酸Total amino acids | 10.87±0.32a | 12.34±0.36a | 12.27±1.02a | 0.07 |
| 鲜味氨基酸Umami taste of amino acids | 3.34±0.12b | 4.09±0.13a | 3.92±0.41ab | 0.02 |
| 甜味氨基酸Sweet taste of amino acids | 3.42±0.07b | 3.91±0.11a | 3.88±0.30ab | 0.04 |
| 苦味氨基酸Bitter taste of amino acids | 4.11±0.13a | 4.34±0.24a | 4.47±0.32a | 0.34 |
项目 Items | 试验I组 Group I (mg·100 g-1) | 试验II组 Group II (mg·100 g-1) | 试验III组 Group III (mg·100 g-1) | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 己酸Hexanoic acid | 4.23±0.17a | 3.53±0.16b | 3.52±0.02b | 0.01 |
| 辛酸Octanoic acid | 7.54±0.90a | 6.72±0.98a | 6.34±0.47a | 0.34 |
| 十一碳酸Undecanoic acid | 16.54±0.94a | 15.24±0.69a | 16.49±0.46a | 0.25 |
| 肉豆蔻酸Myristic acid | 21.92±8.74a | 16.24±3.22a | 12.28±2.05a | 0.27 |
| 十五碳酸Pentadecanoic acid | 5.80±0.87a | 5.12±0.38a | 4.50±0.44a | 0.18 |
| 棕榈酸Palmitic acid | 204.03±25.22a | 232.41±24.49a | 180.66±19.68a | 0.17 |
| 十七碳酸Heptadecanoic acid | 15.21±2.11a | 19.88±5.75a | 12.53±2.38a | 0.22 |
| 硬脂酸Stearic acid | 248.78±24.32a | 318.37±48.71a | 236.28±23.55a | 0.14 |
| 山嵛酸Docosanoic acid | 10.97±0.65b | 17.71±1.67a | 15.40±2.42ab | 0.02 |
| 二十三碳酸Tricosanoic acid | 16.16±1.94a | 18.50±1.68a | 13.68±0.98a | 0.07 |
| 棕榈油酸Palmitoleic acid | 24.89±4.37a | 26.76±4.52a | 22.95±3.29a | 0.55 |
| 十七碳烯酸Heptadecenoic acid | 17.31±0.96a | 21.58±3.45a | 15.61±2.50a | 0.14 |
| 反式油酸Elaidic acid | 5.71±0.05a | 5.82±1.02a | 5.34±0.83a | 0.68 |
| 油酸Oleic acid | 625.87±60.55a | 767.85±171.71a | 620.80±65.92a | 0.40 |
| 亚油酸Linoleic acid | 44.78±4.58a | 64.75±5.33a | 49.06±11.24a | 0.11 |
| α-亚麻酸α-linolenic acid | 5.80±0.65a | 6.01±0.60a | 5.53±0.96a | 0.68 |
| 二十碳三烯酸Eichlerianic acid | 3.51±0.14b | 5.72±0.48a | 4.71±0.54ab | 0.02 |
| 花生四烯酸Arachidonic acid | 37.77±1.35b | 55.66±0.52a | 46.26±6.30ab | 0.03 |
| 二十碳五烯酸Eicosapentaenoic acid | 4.15±0.17a | 5.14±0.52a | 5.45±0.47a | 0.06 |
| 饱和脂肪酸Saturated fatty acid | 551.17±58.36a | 653.73±80.31a | 501.68±47.80a | 0.14 |
| 单不饱和脂肪酸Monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) | 673.79±65.85a | 822.01±178.92a | 664.70±71.96a | 0.39 |
| 多不饱和脂肪酸Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) | 96.00±5.28b | 137.27±4.75a | 111.01±19.13ab | 0.04 |
| 多不饱和脂肪酸/单不饱和脂肪酸PUFA/MUFA | 0.18±0.01a | 0.22±0.02a | 0.22±0.02a | 0.14 |
表8 不同精粗比饲粮对广丰山羊背最长肌脂肪酸含量的影响
Table 8 Effects of diets with different concentrate-to-roughage ratios on fatty acids of the longest back muscle of Guangfeng goats
项目 Items | 试验I组 Group I (mg·100 g-1) | 试验II组 Group II (mg·100 g-1) | 试验III组 Group III (mg·100 g-1) | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 己酸Hexanoic acid | 4.23±0.17a | 3.53±0.16b | 3.52±0.02b | 0.01 |
| 辛酸Octanoic acid | 7.54±0.90a | 6.72±0.98a | 6.34±0.47a | 0.34 |
| 十一碳酸Undecanoic acid | 16.54±0.94a | 15.24±0.69a | 16.49±0.46a | 0.25 |
| 肉豆蔻酸Myristic acid | 21.92±8.74a | 16.24±3.22a | 12.28±2.05a | 0.27 |
| 十五碳酸Pentadecanoic acid | 5.80±0.87a | 5.12±0.38a | 4.50±0.44a | 0.18 |
| 棕榈酸Palmitic acid | 204.03±25.22a | 232.41±24.49a | 180.66±19.68a | 0.17 |
| 十七碳酸Heptadecanoic acid | 15.21±2.11a | 19.88±5.75a | 12.53±2.38a | 0.22 |
| 硬脂酸Stearic acid | 248.78±24.32a | 318.37±48.71a | 236.28±23.55a | 0.14 |
| 山嵛酸Docosanoic acid | 10.97±0.65b | 17.71±1.67a | 15.40±2.42ab | 0.02 |
| 二十三碳酸Tricosanoic acid | 16.16±1.94a | 18.50±1.68a | 13.68±0.98a | 0.07 |
| 棕榈油酸Palmitoleic acid | 24.89±4.37a | 26.76±4.52a | 22.95±3.29a | 0.55 |
| 十七碳烯酸Heptadecenoic acid | 17.31±0.96a | 21.58±3.45a | 15.61±2.50a | 0.14 |
| 反式油酸Elaidic acid | 5.71±0.05a | 5.82±1.02a | 5.34±0.83a | 0.68 |
| 油酸Oleic acid | 625.87±60.55a | 767.85±171.71a | 620.80±65.92a | 0.40 |
| 亚油酸Linoleic acid | 44.78±4.58a | 64.75±5.33a | 49.06±11.24a | 0.11 |
| α-亚麻酸α-linolenic acid | 5.80±0.65a | 6.01±0.60a | 5.53±0.96a | 0.68 |
| 二十碳三烯酸Eichlerianic acid | 3.51±0.14b | 5.72±0.48a | 4.71±0.54ab | 0.02 |
| 花生四烯酸Arachidonic acid | 37.77±1.35b | 55.66±0.52a | 46.26±6.30ab | 0.03 |
| 二十碳五烯酸Eicosapentaenoic acid | 4.15±0.17a | 5.14±0.52a | 5.45±0.47a | 0.06 |
| 饱和脂肪酸Saturated fatty acid | 551.17±58.36a | 653.73±80.31a | 501.68±47.80a | 0.14 |
| 单不饱和脂肪酸Monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) | 673.79±65.85a | 822.01±178.92a | 664.70±71.96a | 0.39 |
| 多不饱和脂肪酸Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) | 96.00±5.28b | 137.27±4.75a | 111.01±19.13ab | 0.04 |
| 多不饱和脂肪酸/单不饱和脂肪酸PUFA/MUFA | 0.18±0.01a | 0.22±0.02a | 0.22±0.02a | 0.14 |
| 项目Items | 试验I组Group I | 试验II组Group II | 试验III组Group III | P值P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 瘤胃组织形态Rumen tissue morphology | ||||
| 瘤胃乳头长度Rumen papilla length (μm) | 997.06±74.90b | 1112.41±96.14ab | 1285.17±20.64a | 0.03 |
| 瘤胃乳头宽度Rumen papilla width (μm) | 201.29±12.00a | 169.41±5.49a | 189.33±16.92a | 0.10 |
| 瘤胃胃壁厚度Rumen wall thickness (μm) | 666.09±72.61a | 885.71±119.41a | 860.55±52.86a | 0.11 |
| 十二指肠组织形态Duodenum tissue morphology | ||||
| 绒毛长度Villus length (μm) | 320.51±20.12a | 332.93±23.06a | 335.48±9.84a | 0.60 |
| 隐窝深度Crypt depth (μm) | 105.06±4.82a | 99.82±7.26a | 113.11±11.53a | 0.31 |
| 绒毛长度/隐窝深度Villus length/crypt depth | 3.07±0.21a | 3.36±0.18a | 3.06±0.23a | 0.36 |
| 空肠组织形态Jejunum tissue morphology | ||||
| 绒毛长度Villus length (μm) | 347.18±19.62a | 343.87±17.79a | 348.25±28.44a | 0.90 |
| 隐窝深度Crypt depth (μm) | 96.83±5.20a | 96.31±6.01a | 102.69±4.10a | 0.42 |
| 绒毛长度/隐窝深度Villus length/crypt depth | 3.61±0.22a | 3.59±0.17a | 3.41±0.13a | 0.58 |
| 回肠组织形态Ileum tissue morphology | ||||
| 绒毛长度Villus length (μm) | 303.85±15.23a | 223.81±22.11b | 287.11±20.08a | 0.03 |
| 隐窝深度Crypt depth (μm) | 104.26±4.89a | 92.94±4.63a | 94.98±4.67a | 0.13 |
| 绒毛长度/隐窝深度Villus length/crypt depth | 2.93±0.16a | 2.42±0.24a | 3.04±0.21a | 0.07 |
| 肌肉组织形态Muscle tissue morphology | ||||
| 肌纤维数量Number of muscle fibers (No.) | 59.60±7.70a | 59.80±1.55a | 55.40±3.91a | 0.79 |
| 肌纤维面积Muscle fiber area (mm2) | 381.57±19.01a | 365.05±11.23a | 360.37±25.18a | 0.73 |
| 肌纤维直径Muscle fiber diameter (mm) | 25.89±0.83a | 18.95±0.27b | 20.16±1.78b | 0.01 |
表9 不同精粗比饲粮对广丰山羊胃肠道和肌肉组织形态的影响
Table 9 Effects of diets with different concentrate-to-roughage ratios on morphology of gastrointestinal tract and muscle tissue of Guangfeng goats
| 项目Items | 试验I组Group I | 试验II组Group II | 试验III组Group III | P值P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 瘤胃组织形态Rumen tissue morphology | ||||
| 瘤胃乳头长度Rumen papilla length (μm) | 997.06±74.90b | 1112.41±96.14ab | 1285.17±20.64a | 0.03 |
| 瘤胃乳头宽度Rumen papilla width (μm) | 201.29±12.00a | 169.41±5.49a | 189.33±16.92a | 0.10 |
| 瘤胃胃壁厚度Rumen wall thickness (μm) | 666.09±72.61a | 885.71±119.41a | 860.55±52.86a | 0.11 |
| 十二指肠组织形态Duodenum tissue morphology | ||||
| 绒毛长度Villus length (μm) | 320.51±20.12a | 332.93±23.06a | 335.48±9.84a | 0.60 |
| 隐窝深度Crypt depth (μm) | 105.06±4.82a | 99.82±7.26a | 113.11±11.53a | 0.31 |
| 绒毛长度/隐窝深度Villus length/crypt depth | 3.07±0.21a | 3.36±0.18a | 3.06±0.23a | 0.36 |
| 空肠组织形态Jejunum tissue morphology | ||||
| 绒毛长度Villus length (μm) | 347.18±19.62a | 343.87±17.79a | 348.25±28.44a | 0.90 |
| 隐窝深度Crypt depth (μm) | 96.83±5.20a | 96.31±6.01a | 102.69±4.10a | 0.42 |
| 绒毛长度/隐窝深度Villus length/crypt depth | 3.61±0.22a | 3.59±0.17a | 3.41±0.13a | 0.58 |
| 回肠组织形态Ileum tissue morphology | ||||
| 绒毛长度Villus length (μm) | 303.85±15.23a | 223.81±22.11b | 287.11±20.08a | 0.03 |
| 隐窝深度Crypt depth (μm) | 104.26±4.89a | 92.94±4.63a | 94.98±4.67a | 0.13 |
| 绒毛长度/隐窝深度Villus length/crypt depth | 2.93±0.16a | 2.42±0.24a | 3.04±0.21a | 0.07 |
| 肌肉组织形态Muscle tissue morphology | ||||
| 肌纤维数量Number of muscle fibers (No.) | 59.60±7.70a | 59.80±1.55a | 55.40±3.91a | 0.79 |
| 肌纤维面积Muscle fiber area (mm2) | 381.57±19.01a | 365.05±11.23a | 360.37±25.18a | 0.73 |
| 肌纤维直径Muscle fiber diameter (mm) | 25.89±0.83a | 18.95±0.27b | 20.16±1.78b | 0.01 |
| 项目Items | 试验I组Group I | 试验II组Group II | 试验III组Group III | P值P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| pH | 7.14±0.05b | 7.17±0.02ab | 7.28±0.02a | 0.04 |
| 乙酸Acetic acid (mmol·L-1) | 43.60±3.44a | 39.62±2.15a | 42.42±2.52a | 0.35 |
| 丙酸Propionic acid (mmol·L-1) | 11.70±1.16a | 11.81±0.67a | 10.71±0.57a | 0.39 |
| 丁酸Butyric acid (mmol·L-1) | 6.02±1.18a | 4.62±0.60a | 5.40±0.65a | 0.29 |
| 异丁酸Isobutyric acid (mmol·L-1) | 3.19±0.33a | 3.05±0.30a | 2.70±0.26a | 0.29 |
| 戊酸Pentanoic acid (mmol·L-1) | 1.22±0.21a | 0.82±0.12a | 0.95±0.12a | 0.10 |
| 异戊酸Isopentanoic acid (mmol·L-1) | 3.27±0.49a | 2.90±0.41a | 2.65±0.26a | 0.32 |
| 总挥发性脂肪酸Total volatile fatty acids (TVFA, mmol·L-1) | 69.00±5.38a | 62.82±3.21a | 64.83±3.78a | 0.34 |
| 乙酸/丙酸Acetic acid/propionic acid | 3.81±0.21ab | 3.37±0.12b | 3.98±0.23a | 0.04 |
| 铵态氮Ammonium nitrogen (mg·dL-1) | 18.62±3.97a | 19.99±1.41a | 21.28±4.43a | 0.87 |
表10 不同精粗比饲粮对广丰山羊瘤胃发酵参数的影响
Table 10 Effects of diets with different concentrate-to-roughage ratios on rumen fermentation of Guangfeng goats
| 项目Items | 试验I组Group I | 试验II组Group II | 试验III组Group III | P值P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| pH | 7.14±0.05b | 7.17±0.02ab | 7.28±0.02a | 0.04 |
| 乙酸Acetic acid (mmol·L-1) | 43.60±3.44a | 39.62±2.15a | 42.42±2.52a | 0.35 |
| 丙酸Propionic acid (mmol·L-1) | 11.70±1.16a | 11.81±0.67a | 10.71±0.57a | 0.39 |
| 丁酸Butyric acid (mmol·L-1) | 6.02±1.18a | 4.62±0.60a | 5.40±0.65a | 0.29 |
| 异丁酸Isobutyric acid (mmol·L-1) | 3.19±0.33a | 3.05±0.30a | 2.70±0.26a | 0.29 |
| 戊酸Pentanoic acid (mmol·L-1) | 1.22±0.21a | 0.82±0.12a | 0.95±0.12a | 0.10 |
| 异戊酸Isopentanoic acid (mmol·L-1) | 3.27±0.49a | 2.90±0.41a | 2.65±0.26a | 0.32 |
| 总挥发性脂肪酸Total volatile fatty acids (TVFA, mmol·L-1) | 69.00±5.38a | 62.82±3.21a | 64.83±3.78a | 0.34 |
| 乙酸/丙酸Acetic acid/propionic acid | 3.81±0.21ab | 3.37±0.12b | 3.98±0.23a | 0.04 |
| 铵态氮Ammonium nitrogen (mg·dL-1) | 18.62±3.97a | 19.99±1.41a | 21.28±4.43a | 0.87 |
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