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草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (4): 112-123.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025188

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

紫花苜蓿苗期氮利用特性及氮高效品种的筛选

马苹1,2(), 刘志国1,2, 沙煜舒1,2, 刘亚玲1,2, 妥小梅1,2, 伏兵哲1,2, 高雪芹1,2,3()   

  1. 1.宁夏大学林业与草业学院,宁夏 银川 750021
    2.宁夏草牧业工程技术研究中心,宁夏 银川 750021
    3.农业农村部饲草高效生产模式创新重点实验室,宁夏 银川 750021
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-09 修回日期:2025-06-05 出版日期:2026-04-20 发布日期:2026-02-07
  • 通讯作者: 高雪芹
  • 作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: qinqin_803@sina.com
    马苹(2000-),女,宁夏吴忠人,在读硕士。E-mail: 1828176931@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家草业技术创新中心(筹)(CCPTZX2023B04)

Nitrogen utilization characteristics of alfalfa at the seedling stage and screening of nitrogen-efficient varieties

Ping MA1,2(), Zhi-guo LIU1,2, Yu-shu SHA1,2, Ya-ling LIU1,2, Xiao-mei TUO1,2, Bing-zhe FU1,2, Xue-qing GAO1,2,3()   

  1. 1.College of Forestry and Prataculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021 China
    2.Ningxia Grassland and Animal Husbandry Engineering Technology Research Center,Yinchuan 750021,China
    3.Innovation Key Laboratory of Efficient Production Mode of Local Forage in Agricultural and Rural Areas,Yinchuan 750021,China
  • Received:2025-05-09 Revised:2025-06-05 Online:2026-04-20 Published:2026-02-07
  • Contact: Xue-qing GAO

摘要:

本研究以20个紫花苜蓿品种为试验材料,通过低氮(20 mg·L-1)和正常氮(200 mg·L-1)处理,分析不同品种在生长特性、氮同化关键酶活性及氮利用效率等方面的差异,探究紫花苜蓿苗期的氮利用特性,并初步筛选氮高效品种。试验采用营养液水培法,以无氮Hoagland-Arnon营养液为基础,设置低氮(N20)和正常氮(N200)两个水平,对20个紫花苜蓿品种进行培养。测定株高、生物量、根长、根体积等生长指标,硝酸还原酶(NR)和谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性等生理指标,以及全株氮含量、氮积累量和氮利用效率。通过相关性分析、多元线性回归和隶属函数法进行综合评价。结果表明:不同品种氮利用特性存在显著差异,在低氮(N20)条件下,不同紫花苜蓿品种的氮利用效率为2.71%~23.66%,品种标杆(MX13)表现出较高的生物量、发达的根系及较强的氮同化能力;品种北方SLT(MX9)表现出较低的生长性能及较低的氮同化能力。正常氮(N200)条件下,不同紫花苜蓿品种的氮利用效率为2.71%~22.36%,标杆(MX13)、岩石(MX16)、骑士2(MX19)的氮利用效率显著高于其他品种(P<0.05)。相关性分析显示,株高、根长、硝酸还原酶活性等指标与氮含量显著正相关,多元线性回归分析表明,氮利用效率受硝酸还原酶和地上生物量的显著影响,可用D=-8.390+0.487×X8+0.476×X2回归方程进行预测。通过隶属函数法综合评价,品种熊岳(MX2)、耐盐之星(MX5)、雷达克之星(MX7)、标杆(MX13)、秘鲁(MX14)、骑士2(MX19)在N20和N200下综合值均大于0.50;皇冠(MX3)、岩石(MX16)、驯鹿(MX20)在N20条件下大于0.5,在N200条件下综合值小于0.5。经综合分析,筛选出氮高效型品种1个、常效型4个、低效型13个和反效型品种2个,研究结果为紫花苜蓿氮高效品种的选育及大田氮肥优化管理提供理论参考。

关键词: 紫花苜蓿, 氮利用效率, 筛选, 相关性分析, 隶属函数分析

Abstract:

To screen nitrogen-efficient varieties of alfalfa, the nitrogen utilization characteristics of 20 alfalfa (Medicago sativa) varieties at the seedling stage were analyzed in a hydroponic experiment. The 20 varieties were grown in modified nitrogen-free Hoagland-Arnon nutrient solution supplemented with nitrogen at a low level (N20, 20 mg·L-1) or a normal level (N200, 200 mg·L-1). The growth traits, key nitrogen assimilation enzyme activities, and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of the alfalfa plants were analyzed. The growth parameters determined were plant height, biomass, root length, and root volume; the physiological indices were nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS) activities, as well as whole-plant nitrogen content, nitrogen accumulation, and NUE. Correlation analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, and the membership function method were used to compare the performance of the 20 varieties. We detected significant differences in nitrogen utilization characteristics among the 20 varieties. Under low nitrogen (N20), the NUE of alfalfa varieties ranged from 2.71% to 23.66%. The variety ‘Benchmark’ (MX13) exhibited higher biomass, well-developed roots, and stronger nitrogen assimilation capacity, while ‘Northern SLT’ (MX9) showed weaker growth performance and a lower nitrogen assimilation ability. Under normal nitrogen (N200), the NUE of the varieties ranged from 2.71% to 22.36%, with ‘Benchmark’ (MX13), ‘Rock’ (MA16), and ‘Knight 2’ (MX19) demonstrating significantly higher NUE compared with those of the other varieties (P<0.05). Correlation analysis indicated that plant height, root length, and nitrate reductase activity were significantly positively correlated with nitrogen content. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that NUE was significantly influenced by nitrate reductase activity and aboveground biomass. Using the membership function method for comprehensive evaluation, the varieties ‘ Xiongyue’ (MX2), ‘Salt-Tolerant Star’ (MX5), ‘Radak Star’ (MX7), ‘Benchmark’ (MX13), ‘Peru’ (MX14), and ‘Knight 2’ (MX19) exhibited composite scores of >0.50 under both N20 and N200 conditions. In contrast, ‘Crown’ (MX3), ‘Rock’ (MX16), and ‘Reindeer’ (MX20) showed composite scores of >0.50 under N20 but <0.50 under N200. Based on the comprehensive analysis, one high NUE variety, four normal NUE varieties, 13 low NUE varieties, and two nitrogen-inefficient varieties were identified. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for breeding nitrogen-efficient alfalfa varieties and optimizing nitrogen fertilizer management in field production.

Key words: alfalfa, nitrogen use efficiency, screening, correlation analysis, membership function analysis