草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (7): 165-174.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025373
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
收稿日期:2025-09-15
修回日期:2025-10-16
出版日期:2026-07-20
发布日期:2026-05-21
通讯作者:
彭德力
作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: pengdeli@ynnu.edu.cn基金资助:
Na CHEN1(
), Ying-bo QIN1, De-li PENG1,2(
)
Received:2025-09-15
Revised:2025-10-16
Online:2026-07-20
Published:2026-05-21
Contact:
De-li PENG
摘要:
以藏东南山地特有种杂色钟报春为试验对象,系统探究了其种子休眠与萌发特性。通过外源赤霉素(GA3)添加、干燥后熟和低温层积处理研究种子休眠解除方法,并分析了休眠解除过程中种子萌发对不同温度(恒温:1、5、10、15、20、25、30 ℃;变温:5 ℃/1 ℃、15 ℃/5 ℃、25 ℃/15 ℃)和光照条件(12 h光照/12 h黑暗和持续黑暗)的响应。结果表明:新成熟种子萌发需要较高温度(>20 ℃),在低温(1~15 ℃)下萌发率显著降低,且萌发对光照有明显需求,尤其在低温条件下,而且添加外源GA3能显著促进萌发。干燥后熟与低温层积均能有效打破种子初始休眠,但是低温层积效果更佳。随着休眠逐渐解除,种子萌发的温度范围变宽(5~30 ℃),基础萌发温度(Tb)逐渐降低,从-2.092 ℃(低温层积3个月)降至-4.035 ℃(低温层积6个月),而萌发最适温度(To)和最高温度(Tc)无明显变化。休眠解除后,种子萌发对光照的需求降低。本研究证实杂色钟报春种子在成熟散播时具有2型浅型生理休眠。初始萌发依赖于较高温度,环境条件不满足时表现为条件休眠。越冬过程逐渐解除休眠,使种子获得在较低温度下萌发的能力,从而能在春季融雪后快速萌发,延长幼苗生长季,提高存活率。这种萌发行为是高山植物对短生长季环境的关键适应策略。
陈娜, 覃滢卜, 彭德力. 藏东南山地特有种杂色钟报春种子萌发的生态适应策略[J]. 草业学报, 2026, 35(7): 165-174.
Na CHEN, Ying-bo QIN, De-li PENG. Ecological adaptation strategies of seed germination in Primula alpicola, an endemic alpine species in the southeastern Xizang Plateau[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2026, 35(7): 165-174.
图2 赤霉素和光照条件对新鲜种子萌发率的影响不同大写字母表示光照条件下赤霉素浓度间差异显著(P<0.05),不同小写字母表示黑暗条件下赤霉素浓度间差异显著(P<0.05),相同赤霉素浓度条件下,*表示不同光照条件间差异显著(P<0.05),ns表示无显著性差异。 Different capital letters indicate significant differences among gibberellin concentrations (P<0.05) under the light conditions. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among gibberellin concentrations (P<0.05) under the dark conditions. For the same gibberellin concentration, significant differences between light conditions are indicated by * (P<0.05), while no significant difference is denoted as ns. 0表示该处理没有萌发,下同。0 indicates that the treatment did not germinate, the same below.
Fig.2 Effect of gibberellin (GA3) and light condition on final germination percentage of fresh seeds
图3 恒温/变温条件下干燥后熟和冷层积处理在不同光照条件下对种子萌发率的影响CK: 新鲜种子对照组Fresh seeds (control group); C3, C6: 种子在1 ℃黑暗条件下分别冷层积3和6个月Seeds cold-stratified at 1 ℃ for 3 and 6 months under dark condition, respectively; D3, D6: 种子在室温条件下分别干燥后熟3和6个月Seeds dry after-ripened at room temperature for 3 and 6 months, respectively. 下同The same below. 不同大写字母表示相同温度下不同处理时期的萌发率差异显著(P<0.05)。Different capital letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05) in final germination percentage among different treatments at the same temperature.
Fig.3 Effects of dry after-ripening (DAR) and cold stratification (CS) on final germination percentage under constant/alternating temperatures and light/dark conditions
图4 恒温/变温条件下干燥后熟和冷层积处理对种子平均萌发时间的影响(光照条件下)不同小写字母表示在光照条件下,相同温度不同处理时期的平均萌发时间差异显著(P<0.05)。Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05) in mean germination time among different treatment periods at the same temperature under light conditions. 广义线性模型仅显示光照条件下的数据,因为黑暗处理的试验方案(保持持续黑暗直至萌发过程结束时统计萌发情况)无法收集计算广义线性模型所必需的每日萌发数据。其中5和10 ℃的新鲜种子萌发率为0,平均萌发时间无法计算。Generalized linear model data are shown only for light conditions, as the requirement for uninterrupted darkness until the final count precluded daily monitoring and calculation of MGT. For fresh seeds at 5 and 10 ℃, where germination was 0, MGT is not applicable.
Fig.4 Effects of dry after-ripening (DAR) and cold stratification (CS) on mean germination time (MGT) under constant/alternating temperatures (light conditions)
变异来源 Source of variation | 恒温Constant temperature | 变温Alternating temperature | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| df | P | df | P | |
| 光照条件Light condition | 1 | <0.000 | 1 | <0.000 |
| 低温层积Cold stratification | 2 | <0.000 | 2 | <0.000 |
| 干燥后熟Dry after-ripening | 2 | <0.000 | 2 | <0.000 |
| 光照条件×干燥后熟Light condition×dry after-ripening | 2 | 0.001 | 2 | <0.000 |
| 光照条件×低温层积Light condition×cold stratification | 2 | <0.000 | 2 | 0.001 |
表1 光照条件、休眠破除处理及其交互作用对杂色钟报春种子在恒温与变温环境下萌发率影响的广义线性模型分析
Table 1 Generalized linear model analysis of the effects of light condition, dormancy-breaking treatments, and their interactions on the final germination percentage of P. alpicola under constant and alternating temperature regimes
变异来源 Source of variation | 恒温Constant temperature | 变温Alternating temperature | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| df | P | df | P | |
| 光照条件Light condition | 1 | <0.000 | 1 | <0.000 |
| 低温层积Cold stratification | 2 | <0.000 | 2 | <0.000 |
| 干燥后熟Dry after-ripening | 2 | <0.000 | 2 | <0.000 |
| 光照条件×干燥后熟Light condition×dry after-ripening | 2 | 0.001 | 2 | <0.000 |
| 光照条件×低温层积Light condition×cold stratification | 2 | <0.000 | 2 | 0.001 |
变异来源 Source of variation | 恒温Constant temperature | 变温Alternating temperature | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| df | P | df | P | |
| 低温层积Cold stratification | 2 | <0.000 | 2 | <0.000 |
| 干燥后熟Dry after-ripening | 2 | 0.118 | 2 | <0.000 |
表2 干燥后熟和低温层积处理对杂色钟报春种子在恒温与变温环境下平均萌发时间影响的广义线性模型分析(光照条件下)
Table 2 Generalized linear model analysis of the effects of dry after-ripening and cold stratification on the mean germination time of P. alpicola under constant and alternating temperature regimes (in light)
变异来源 Source of variation | 恒温Constant temperature | 变温Alternating temperature | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| df | P | df | P | |
| 低温层积Cold stratification | 2 | <0.000 | 2 | <0.000 |
| 干燥后熟Dry after-ripening | 2 | 0.118 | 2 | <0.000 |
图5 杂色钟报春种子萌发温度与萌发速率的线性关系Tb: 萌发最低温度The base germination temperature; To: 萌发最适温度The optimal temperature; Tc: 萌发最高温度The ceiling temperature; θ50: 萌发所需的积温The thermal time required for germination.
Fig.5 Linear relationship between temperature and germination rate
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