草业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (8): 199-208.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2023359
• 研究简报 • 上一篇
何邦印1,2(), 裴婧宏1,2, 野起瑞1,2, 胡佳佳1,2, 郑彩雪1,2, 李江文1,2()
收稿日期:
2023-09-25
修回日期:
2023-11-27
出版日期:
2024-08-20
发布日期:
2024-05-13
通讯作者:
李江文
作者简介:
E-mail: jiangwen-0105@163.com基金资助:
Bang-yin HE1,2(), Jing-hong PEI1,2, Qi-rui YE1,2, Jia-jia HU1,2, Cai-xue ZHENG1,2, Jiang-wen LI1,2()
Received:
2023-09-25
Revised:
2023-11-27
Online:
2024-08-20
Published:
2024-05-13
Contact:
Jiang-wen LI
摘要:
红枣、核桃以及苹果是陕北地区主要的人工经济林树种,且种植方式单一。为探讨人工经济林对牧草生长的化感作用,本研究以紫花苜蓿和黑麦草作为研究受体,通过设置不同浓度核桃、苹果、红枣凋落叶浸提液,分析其对豆禾草种种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:1)紫花苜蓿和黑麦草的发芽率和发芽势随浸提液浓度的增加而显著降低(P<0.05);2)苹果和红枣凋落叶浸提液浓度越高,紫花苜蓿、黑麦草幼苗叶绿素含量和根系活力越低,核桃凋落叶浸提液处理下黑麦草幼苗的叶绿素含量显著高于对照组,根系活力显著低于对照组(P<0.05);3)两种牧草的生化指标结果表明,黑麦草的抗氧化能力强于紫花苜蓿。豆禾草种种子萌发及幼苗生长对不同树种、不同浓度凋落叶浸提液的化感响应存在差异,整体而言,人工经济林凋落叶浸提液对紫花苜蓿的化感作用强于黑麦草。本研究旨在为陕北地区林草混种提供理论依据,在建植过程中应充分考虑豆禾草种与经济林的搭配。
何邦印, 裴婧宏, 野起瑞, 胡佳佳, 郑彩雪, 李江文. 不同人工经济林凋落叶浸提液对豆禾草种的化感效应研究[J]. 草业学报, 2024, 33(8): 199-208.
Bang-yin HE, Jing-hong PEI, Qi-rui YE, Jia-jia HU, Cai-xue ZHENG, Jiang-wen LI. Allelopathic effects of different artificial economic forest litter extracts on Fabaceae and Poaceae species[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2024, 33(8): 199-208.
草种 Grass variety | 方差来源 Source of variation | 发芽率 Germination percentage | 发芽势 Germination potential | 发芽指数 Germination index | 发芽时间 Germination time |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
紫花苜蓿 M. sativa | 树种Varieties of trees (V) | 37.61** | 135.61** | 493.46** | 7.62** |
浸提液浓度Extract concentration (E) | 61.86** | 137.48** | 294.47** | 7.38** | |
树种×浸提液浓度V×E | 16.01** | 30.25** | 51.76** | 3.39** | |
黑麦草 L. perenne | 树种Varieties of trees | 1.48 | 0.35 | 1.44 | 7.65** |
浸提液浓度Extract concentration | 80.46** | 210.49** | 40.17** | 25.77** | |
树种×浸提液浓度V×E | 2.37* | 5.20** | 0.33 | 5.12** |
表1 不同树种浸提液对紫花苜蓿和黑麦草发芽指标的双因素方差分析
Table 1 Variance analysis of extracts from different tree species on M. sativa and L. perenne germination indicators
草种 Grass variety | 方差来源 Source of variation | 发芽率 Germination percentage | 发芽势 Germination potential | 发芽指数 Germination index | 发芽时间 Germination time |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
紫花苜蓿 M. sativa | 树种Varieties of trees (V) | 37.61** | 135.61** | 493.46** | 7.62** |
浸提液浓度Extract concentration (E) | 61.86** | 137.48** | 294.47** | 7.38** | |
树种×浸提液浓度V×E | 16.01** | 30.25** | 51.76** | 3.39** | |
黑麦草 L. perenne | 树种Varieties of trees | 1.48 | 0.35 | 1.44 | 7.65** |
浸提液浓度Extract concentration | 80.46** | 210.49** | 40.17** | 25.77** | |
树种×浸提液浓度V×E | 2.37* | 5.20** | 0.33 | 5.12** |
浸提液 Extraction | 草种 Grass variety | 处理 Treatment | 发芽率 Germination percentage (%) | 发芽势 Germination potential (%) | 发芽指数 Germination index | 发芽时间 Germination time (d) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
苹果 M. pumila | 黑麦草 L. perenne | CK | 94.00±1.00A | 91.00±1.15A | 0.13±0.00A* | 2.67±0.88C |
L | 84.67±2.33Bb* | 82.33±1.45Aa* | 0.13±0.00ABa* | 2.00±0.58Cb | ||
M | 88.33±1.67Ba* | 65.00±7.09Ba* | 0.13±0.00Ba* | 4.67±0.33Ba | ||
H | 73.33±2.73Ca* | 29.67±5.17Cab* | 0.12±0.00Ca* | 6.67±0.33Aa* | ||
E | 64.00±2.65Dab | 12.33±1.33Db* | 0.11±0.00Ca* | 6.67±0.33Ab* | ||
紫花苜蓿 M. sativa | CK | 93.67±1.86A | 93.67±1.86A | 0.15±0.00A* | 2.33±0.33B | |
L | 93.33±0.88Aa* | 92.00±0.58Aa* | 0.15±0.00Ba* | 3.67±0.33Aa | ||
M | 96.33±0.33Aa* | 95.33±0.33Aa* | 0.15±0.00Aa* | 4.67±0.33Aa | ||
H | 93.67±2.91Aa* | 93.67±2.91Aa* | 0.15±0.00Ba* | 2.00±0.58Bb* | ||
E | 68.67±0.88Ba | 62.00±2.00Ba* | 0.14±0.00Ca* | 4.33±0.33Aa* | ||
红枣 Z. jujuba | 黑麦草 L. perenne | CK | 94.00±1.00A | 91.00±1.15A | 0.13±0.00A* | 2.67±0.88A |
L | 89.67±2.33Aab | 56.00±3.06Cb* | 0.13±0.00Bb* | 5.67±0.33Aa | ||
M | 91.33±3.18Aa | 70.00±5.51Ba* | 0.13±0.00Ba* | 5.33±0.33Aa* | ||
H | 72.67±2.19Ba* | 39.67±1.86Da* | 0.12±0.00Ca* | 5.00±0.58Ab* | ||
E | 69.00±2.08Ba* | 23.67±3.18Ea* | 0.12±0.00Da* | 6.00±0.00Ab | ||
紫花苜蓿 M. sativa | CK | 93.67±1.86A | 93.67±1.86A | 0.15±0.00A* | 2.33±0.33A | |
L | 94.67±2.33Aa | 93.00±1.53Aa* | 0.14±0.00Bb* | 3.33±1.20Aa | ||
M | 91.33±2.40ABab | 91.33±2.40Aa* | 0.14±0.00Bb* | 2.67±0.33Ab* | ||
H | 85.67±0.33BCab* | 84.33±0.67Ba* | 0.14±0.00Bb* | 2.67±0.33Ab* | ||
E | 82.00±2.65Ca* | 69.33±3.18Ca* | 0.13±0.00Cb* | 4.33±0.67Aa | ||
核桃 J. regia | 黑麦草 L. perenne | CK | 94.00±1.00A | 91.00±1.15A | 0.13±0.00A* | 2.67±0.88B |
L | 92.33±1.20Aa | 75.33±2.91Ba* | 0.13±0.00Bb* | 6.67±0.33Aa* | ||
M | 89.33±0.67Aa | 66.33±6.74Ba | 0.13±0.00Ba* | 5.67±0.67Aa | ||
H | 74.67±3.76Ba | 26.33±1.86Cb | 0.12±0.00Ca* | 7.00±0.00Aa* | ||
E | 54.67±5.61Cb* | 13.00±2.00Dc* | 0.11±0.00Ca* | 7.00±0.00Aa* | ||
紫花苜蓿 M. sativa | CK | 93.67±1.86A | 93.67±1.86A | 0.15±0.00A* | 2.33±0.33C* | |
L | 88.67±2.03ABa | 85.67±1.86ABb* | 0.14±0.00Bc* | 4.33±0.33ABa* | ||
M | 87.67±2.33ABb | 79.33±3.84Bb | 0.13±0.00Bc* | 5.33±0.67Aa* | ||
H | 75.67±7.84Bb | 37.00±8.39Cb | 0.12±0.00Cc* | 5.33±0.33Aa* | ||
E | 19.67±8.09Cb* | 4.67±1.33Db* | 0.12±0.00Cc* | 4.00±0.00Ba* |
表2 不同浸提液对紫花苜蓿和黑麦草发芽的影响
Table 2 Effects of different extracts on germination of M. sativa and L. perenne
浸提液 Extraction | 草种 Grass variety | 处理 Treatment | 发芽率 Germination percentage (%) | 发芽势 Germination potential (%) | 发芽指数 Germination index | 发芽时间 Germination time (d) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
苹果 M. pumila | 黑麦草 L. perenne | CK | 94.00±1.00A | 91.00±1.15A | 0.13±0.00A* | 2.67±0.88C |
L | 84.67±2.33Bb* | 82.33±1.45Aa* | 0.13±0.00ABa* | 2.00±0.58Cb | ||
M | 88.33±1.67Ba* | 65.00±7.09Ba* | 0.13±0.00Ba* | 4.67±0.33Ba | ||
H | 73.33±2.73Ca* | 29.67±5.17Cab* | 0.12±0.00Ca* | 6.67±0.33Aa* | ||
E | 64.00±2.65Dab | 12.33±1.33Db* | 0.11±0.00Ca* | 6.67±0.33Ab* | ||
紫花苜蓿 M. sativa | CK | 93.67±1.86A | 93.67±1.86A | 0.15±0.00A* | 2.33±0.33B | |
L | 93.33±0.88Aa* | 92.00±0.58Aa* | 0.15±0.00Ba* | 3.67±0.33Aa | ||
M | 96.33±0.33Aa* | 95.33±0.33Aa* | 0.15±0.00Aa* | 4.67±0.33Aa | ||
H | 93.67±2.91Aa* | 93.67±2.91Aa* | 0.15±0.00Ba* | 2.00±0.58Bb* | ||
E | 68.67±0.88Ba | 62.00±2.00Ba* | 0.14±0.00Ca* | 4.33±0.33Aa* | ||
红枣 Z. jujuba | 黑麦草 L. perenne | CK | 94.00±1.00A | 91.00±1.15A | 0.13±0.00A* | 2.67±0.88A |
L | 89.67±2.33Aab | 56.00±3.06Cb* | 0.13±0.00Bb* | 5.67±0.33Aa | ||
M | 91.33±3.18Aa | 70.00±5.51Ba* | 0.13±0.00Ba* | 5.33±0.33Aa* | ||
H | 72.67±2.19Ba* | 39.67±1.86Da* | 0.12±0.00Ca* | 5.00±0.58Ab* | ||
E | 69.00±2.08Ba* | 23.67±3.18Ea* | 0.12±0.00Da* | 6.00±0.00Ab | ||
紫花苜蓿 M. sativa | CK | 93.67±1.86A | 93.67±1.86A | 0.15±0.00A* | 2.33±0.33A | |
L | 94.67±2.33Aa | 93.00±1.53Aa* | 0.14±0.00Bb* | 3.33±1.20Aa | ||
M | 91.33±2.40ABab | 91.33±2.40Aa* | 0.14±0.00Bb* | 2.67±0.33Ab* | ||
H | 85.67±0.33BCab* | 84.33±0.67Ba* | 0.14±0.00Bb* | 2.67±0.33Ab* | ||
E | 82.00±2.65Ca* | 69.33±3.18Ca* | 0.13±0.00Cb* | 4.33±0.67Aa | ||
核桃 J. regia | 黑麦草 L. perenne | CK | 94.00±1.00A | 91.00±1.15A | 0.13±0.00A* | 2.67±0.88B |
L | 92.33±1.20Aa | 75.33±2.91Ba* | 0.13±0.00Bb* | 6.67±0.33Aa* | ||
M | 89.33±0.67Aa | 66.33±6.74Ba | 0.13±0.00Ba* | 5.67±0.67Aa | ||
H | 74.67±3.76Ba | 26.33±1.86Cb | 0.12±0.00Ca* | 7.00±0.00Aa* | ||
E | 54.67±5.61Cb* | 13.00±2.00Dc* | 0.11±0.00Ca* | 7.00±0.00Aa* | ||
紫花苜蓿 M. sativa | CK | 93.67±1.86A | 93.67±1.86A | 0.15±0.00A* | 2.33±0.33C* | |
L | 88.67±2.03ABa | 85.67±1.86ABb* | 0.14±0.00Bc* | 4.33±0.33ABa* | ||
M | 87.67±2.33ABb | 79.33±3.84Bb | 0.13±0.00Bc* | 5.33±0.67Aa* | ||
H | 75.67±7.84Bb | 37.00±8.39Cb | 0.12±0.00Cc* | 5.33±0.33Aa* | ||
E | 19.67±8.09Cb* | 4.67±1.33Db* | 0.12±0.00Cc* | 4.00±0.00Ba* |
图1 受体植物种子化感作用指数与3种树种浸提液浓度的关系
Fig.1 The relationship between the allelopathic index of recipient plant seeds and the concentration of three tree species extracts
图2 不同树种浸提液下紫花苜蓿和黑麦草的叶绿素含量和根系活力分析不同大写字母表示不同浓度之间差异性显著(P<0.05),不同小写字母表示不同树种之间差异性显著(P<0.05),*表示紫花苜蓿和黑麦草之间的差异性显著(P<0.05)。下同。Different capital letters indicate significant differences among different concentrations (P<0.05), and different small letters indicate significant differences among different tree species (P<0.05), * indicates significantly different between M. sativa and L. perenne (P<0.05). The same below.
Fig.2 Analysis of chlorophyll content and root activity of M. sativa and L. perenne under different tree species extracts
草种 Grass variety | 方差来源 Source of variation | 叶绿素含量 Chlorophyll concent | 根系活力 Root activity | 丙二醛含量 Malondialdehyde content | POD活性 Peroxidase activity | CAT活性 Catalase activity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
紫花苜蓿 M. sativa | 树种Varieties of trees (T) | 7.86** | 13.37* | 49.62** | 1.55 | 1201.04** |
浸提液浓度Extract concentration (EC) | 10.33** | 2.94* | 7.53** | 0.89 | 201.13** | |
树种×浸提液浓度T×EC | 4.22** | 2.62* | 5.97** | 0.42 | 270.64** | |
黑麦草 L. perenne | 树种Varieties of trees | 59.31** | 11.77** | 44.91** | 168.32** | 241.79** |
浸提液浓度Extract concentration | 16.17** | 0.98 | 6.99** | 167.70** | 47.33 | |
树种×浸提液浓度T×EC | 6.67** | 1.65 | 9.60** | 77.11** | 51.13** |
表3 不同树种浸提液对紫花苜蓿和黑麦草生化指标的双因素方差分析
Table 3 Variance analysis of extracts from different tree species on M. sativa and L. perenne chemical indicators
草种 Grass variety | 方差来源 Source of variation | 叶绿素含量 Chlorophyll concent | 根系活力 Root activity | 丙二醛含量 Malondialdehyde content | POD活性 Peroxidase activity | CAT活性 Catalase activity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
紫花苜蓿 M. sativa | 树种Varieties of trees (T) | 7.86** | 13.37* | 49.62** | 1.55 | 1201.04** |
浸提液浓度Extract concentration (EC) | 10.33** | 2.94* | 7.53** | 0.89 | 201.13** | |
树种×浸提液浓度T×EC | 4.22** | 2.62* | 5.97** | 0.42 | 270.64** | |
黑麦草 L. perenne | 树种Varieties of trees | 59.31** | 11.77** | 44.91** | 168.32** | 241.79** |
浸提液浓度Extract concentration | 16.17** | 0.98 | 6.99** | 167.70** | 47.33 | |
树种×浸提液浓度T×EC | 6.67** | 1.65 | 9.60** | 77.11** | 51.13** |
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