草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (7): 68-79.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025283
翟勇全1,2(
), 马尧1, 宋丽华1,2, 曹兵1,2(
)
收稿日期:2025-07-08
修回日期:2025-09-09
出版日期:2026-07-20
发布日期:2026-05-21
通讯作者:
曹兵
作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: bingcao2006@162.com基金资助:
Yong-quan ZHAI1,2(
), Yao MA1, Li-hua SONG1,2, Bing CAO1,2(
)
Received:2025-07-08
Revised:2025-09-09
Online:2026-07-20
Published:2026-05-21
Contact:
Bing CAO
摘要:
为明确牧草间作密度对枣-草间作系统的影响,揭示牧草间作密度在调控系统生产力、资源竞争与互补和可持续性提升中的作用机制,确定西北干旱沙区灵武长枣行间最优间作密度。于2023和2024年在灵武长枣典型种植区设置了枣树单作(J)、黑麦草单作(G)、间作黑麦草15.0 kg·hm-2(J-G15)、间作黑麦草22.5 kg·hm-2(J-G22.5)和间作黑麦草30.0 kg·hm-2(J-G30)5个处理,系统研究了枣-草间作系统中草的种植密度对土地当量比、生产力、竞争效应和可持续性等方面的影响。结果表明:黑麦草间作密度对枣树产量、牧草产量和土地当量比(LER)均有显著影响(P<0.05),枣树和牧草产量均在J-G22.5处理下最高,相较于J和G处理,J-G22.5处理下2年枣树和牧草产量分别提高了53.69%、29.62%和12.14%、12.26%。。枣树和牧草产量年际间差异极显著(P<0.001),整体上表现为2024高于2023年。所有间作系统LER均大于1,表现出明显的间作优势,且在J-G22.5处理下最大(2.51和2.42)。J-G22.5处理在枣树和牧草增产率、竞争指数、净效应、互补效应和选择效应方面均优于其他处理。主成分和相关性分析表明,产量与净效应、互补效应及竞争指数(CI)呈极显著正相关(P<0.001)关系,即种间互补和资源协调利用性是间作系统产量提升的关键机制。可持续性分析表明,J-G22.5和J-G30处理的可持续性指数均高于J-G15,且CI和选择效应(SE)为主要权重因子。综合考量认为,间作黑麦草22.5 kg·hm-2是西北干旱沙区灵武长枣行间最优间作密度。
翟勇全, 马尧, 宋丽华, 曹兵. 黑麦草间作密度对枣-草间作系统生产力、净效益和可持续性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2026, 35(7): 68-79.
Yong-quan ZHAI, Yao MA, Li-hua SONG, Bing CAO. Effects of ryegrass intercropping density on the productivity, net benefits, and sustainability of a jujube-grass intercropping system[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2026, 35(7): 68-79.
年份 Year | 处理 Treatment | 产量Yield (t·hm-2) | 牧草部分土地当量比Land equivalent ratio for grass (LERG) | 枣树部分土地当量比Land equivalent ratio for jujube (LERJ) | 土地当量比 Land equivalent ratio (LER) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
枣树 Jujube | 牧草 Forage | |||||
| 2023 | J | 7.45±0.30c | - | - | - | - |
| G | - | 7.25±0.19b | - | - | - | |
| J-G15 | 9.44±0.25b | 6.98±0.27b | 0.96±0.05b | 1.27±0.06b | 2.23±0.07b | |
| J-G22.5 | 11.45±0.23a | 8.13±0.23a | 1.12±0.04a | 1.53±0.07a | 2.51±0.05a | |
| J-G30 | 7.08±0.17c | 7.19±0.22b | 0.99±0.03b | 0.95±0.05c | 1.95±0.07c | |
| 2024 | J | 24.98±0.14d | - | - | - | - |
| G | - | 7.83±0.18b | - | - | - | |
| J-G15 | 30.54±0.23b | 7.54±0.17b | 0.96±0.04b | 1.22±0.02b | 2.19±0.05b | |
| J-G22.5 | 32.38±0.20a | 8.79±0.13a | 1.12±0.03a | 1.29±0.01a | 2.42±0.03a | |
| J-G30 | 28.49±0.23c | 7.77±0.13b | 0.99±0.03b | 1.14±0.01c | 2.13±0.04b | |
| 年份Year (Y) | 82394.62*** | 91.14*** | 4.28** | 0.00ns | 2.74ns | |
| 密度Density (D) | 1253.91*** | 72.45*** | 177.40*** | 48.52*** | 222.07*** | |
| Y×D | 166.32*** | 0.13ns | 59.90*** | 0.00ns | 39.78*** | |
表1 黑麦草间作密度对枣树产量、牧草产量和土地当量比的影响
Table 1 Effects of ryegrass intercropping density on jujube yield, grass yield, and land equivalent ratio
年份 Year | 处理 Treatment | 产量Yield (t·hm-2) | 牧草部分土地当量比Land equivalent ratio for grass (LERG) | 枣树部分土地当量比Land equivalent ratio for jujube (LERJ) | 土地当量比 Land equivalent ratio (LER) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
枣树 Jujube | 牧草 Forage | |||||
| 2023 | J | 7.45±0.30c | - | - | - | - |
| G | - | 7.25±0.19b | - | - | - | |
| J-G15 | 9.44±0.25b | 6.98±0.27b | 0.96±0.05b | 1.27±0.06b | 2.23±0.07b | |
| J-G22.5 | 11.45±0.23a | 8.13±0.23a | 1.12±0.04a | 1.53±0.07a | 2.51±0.05a | |
| J-G30 | 7.08±0.17c | 7.19±0.22b | 0.99±0.03b | 0.95±0.05c | 1.95±0.07c | |
| 2024 | J | 24.98±0.14d | - | - | - | - |
| G | - | 7.83±0.18b | - | - | - | |
| J-G15 | 30.54±0.23b | 7.54±0.17b | 0.96±0.04b | 1.22±0.02b | 2.19±0.05b | |
| J-G22.5 | 32.38±0.20a | 8.79±0.13a | 1.12±0.03a | 1.29±0.01a | 2.42±0.03a | |
| J-G30 | 28.49±0.23c | 7.77±0.13b | 0.99±0.03b | 1.14±0.01c | 2.13±0.04b | |
| 年份Year (Y) | 82394.62*** | 91.14*** | 4.28** | 0.00ns | 2.74ns | |
| 密度Density (D) | 1253.91*** | 72.45*** | 177.40*** | 48.52*** | 222.07*** | |
| Y×D | 166.32*** | 0.13ns | 59.90*** | 0.00ns | 39.78*** | |
图2 黑麦草间作密度对枣树和牧草增产率及竞争指数的影响不同小写字母表示各处理在P<0.05水平上存在显著性差异,下同。Different lowercase letters mean significantly different among the different treatments (P<0.05). The same below.
Fig.2 Effects of ryegrass intercropping density on yield increase rate and competitive index of jujube and grass
图4 竞争指数、净效应、互补效应和选择效应与产量和土地当量比间的相关关系*: P<0.001. NE: 净效应Net effect; CE: 互补效应Complementarity effect; SE: 选择效应Selection effect; CI: 竞争指数Competition index; OYJ: 间作枣树增产率Yiled increase rate of jujube under intercropping; OYG: 间作牧草增产率Yiled increase rate of grass under intercropping; LER: 土地当量比Land equivalent ratio; LERJ: 间作枣树部分土地当量比Partial LER of jujube; LERG: 间作牧草部分土地当量比Partial LER of grass; Y: 系统产量System yield; YJ: 间作枣树产量Jujube yield under intercropping; YG: 间作牧草产量Grass yield under intercropping. 下同The same below.
Fig.4 Correlation among competition index, net effect, complementarity effect and selection effect with yield and land equivalent ratio
图5 竞争指数、净效应、互补效应和选择效应与产量(a)和土地当量比(b)间的主成分分析图中椭圆表示95%置信水平Ellipses in the figure represent the 95% confidence level.
Fig.5 Principal component analysis (PCA) of the relationships among competitive index, net effect, complementarity effect, selection effect and yield (a) and land equivalent ratio (b)
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