草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (9): 47-62.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025303
霍倩倩1,2(
), 宋洋洋1,2, 吴远荣1,2, 屈媛媛1,2, 席琳乔1,2(
)
收稿日期:2025-07-22
修回日期:2025-11-17
出版日期:2026-09-20
发布日期:2026-07-27
通讯作者:
席琳乔
作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: gsxlq666@163.com基金资助:
Qian-qian HUO1,2(
), Yang-yang SONG1,2, Yuan-rong WU1,2, Yuan-yuan QU1,2, Lin-qiao XI1,2(
)
Received:2025-07-22
Revised:2025-11-17
Online:2026-09-20
Published:2026-07-27
Contact:
Lin-qiao XI
摘要:
南疆地区土壤盐碱化程度加剧,对高粱、高丹草、田菁、玉米和棉花在盐碱地种植后土壤理化性质及细菌群落的变化尚未明晰。因此本研究设置单播高粱(S)、高丹草(SS)、田菁(Sb)、玉米(Zm)和棉花(Gs)5个处理,通过测定盐碱土样地种植不同耐盐碱作物处理下,表层0~20 cm土壤pH、电导率、土壤离子含量、碳/氮组分、酶活性和细菌群落,并进行综合分析,探究几种耐盐碱作物对于盐碱地土壤理化性质和细菌群落的影响。结果表明:S、SS和Sb处理土壤pH与各盐基离子含量较Zm、Gs处理更低;土壤颗粒有机碳(POC)、轻组有机碳(LFOC)、可溶性有机碳(DOC)、微生物生物量有机碳(MBC)、易氧化态碳(EOC)含量表现为SS>Sb>S>Zm>Gs;SS处理土壤的速效磷(AP)、速效钾(AK)含量和蔗糖酶(INV)、脲酶(UE)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著高于其他处理(P<0.05),Sb处理土壤的有机质(SOM)和全氮(TN)含量显著高于其他处理(P<0.05),较种植前增长83.37%和42.11%;S处理土壤的NO3--N含量最高,SS处理土壤的轻组有机氮(LFON)和颗粒有机氮(PON)含量最高,Sb处理土壤的可溶性有机氮(DON)含量最高;SS处理土壤的细菌群落多样性高且分布均匀,土壤变形菌门(38.65%~43.53%)和假单胞菌属(0.43%~6.92%)为优势菌门/属;土壤细菌变形菌门、拟杆菌门、甲烷氧化细菌门等与土壤理化性质相关性较显著。综上所述,在南疆盐碱地区种植高丹草和田菁对土壤理化性质改良效果较为理想。
霍倩倩, 宋洋洋, 吴远荣, 屈媛媛, 席琳乔. 耐盐碱作物对南疆土壤理化性质和细菌群落组成的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2026, 35(9): 47-62.
Qian-qian HUO, Yang-yang SONG, Yuan-rong WU, Yuan-yuan QU, Lin-qiao XI. Effects of salt-tolerant crops on the soil physicochemical properties and bacterial community composition in Southern Xinjiang[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2026, 35(9): 47-62.
处理 Treatment | pH | 电导率Electrical conductivity (EC, mS·cm-1) | Na+ (mg·kg-1) | K+ (mg·kg-1) | Ca2+ (mg·kg-1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S | 7.67±0.02cd | 3.96±0.02c | 248.80±5.60d | 85.71±0.81c | 222.76±21.78b |
| SS | 7.75±0.01c | 3.69±0.01d | 303.31±5.82c | 93.89±0.85b | 212.82±20.23b |
| Sb | 7.66±0.03d | 3.03±0.01e | 209.93±4.62d | 92.13±0.88b | 219.44±17.25b |
| Zm | 8.01±0.02b | 4.07±0.01b | 452.52±29.35b | 101.21±0.97a | 325.88±14.49a |
| Gs | 8.15±0.02a | 4.12±0.02a | 689.77±3.27a | 104.13±1.29a | 379.85±53.36a |
处理 Treatment | Mg2+ (mg·kg-1) | HCO3- (mg·kg-1) | Cl- (mg·kg-1) | SO42- (mg·kg-1) | CO32- (mg·kg-1) |
| S | 97.37±7.03d | 95.71±0.61bc | 369.70±16.40e | 0.76±0.00c | - |
| SS | 96.86±6.35d | 91.65±0.93c | 613.62±7.25d | 0.88±0.00b | - |
| Sb | 139.96±3.51c | 107.74±2.53b | 810.58±8.62c | 0.46±0.01d | - |
| Zm | 407.10±2.74b | 126.91±6.07a | 1129.64±31.09b | 0.27±0.01e | - |
| Gs | 519.87±13.66a | 121.16±6.40a | 2978.12±43.53a | 1.34±0.00a | - |
表1 种植耐盐碱作物的土壤pH、电导率和离子含量
Table 1 Soil pH, electrical conductivity and ion contents for growing salt-tolerant crops
处理 Treatment | pH | 电导率Electrical conductivity (EC, mS·cm-1) | Na+ (mg·kg-1) | K+ (mg·kg-1) | Ca2+ (mg·kg-1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S | 7.67±0.02cd | 3.96±0.02c | 248.80±5.60d | 85.71±0.81c | 222.76±21.78b |
| SS | 7.75±0.01c | 3.69±0.01d | 303.31±5.82c | 93.89±0.85b | 212.82±20.23b |
| Sb | 7.66±0.03d | 3.03±0.01e | 209.93±4.62d | 92.13±0.88b | 219.44±17.25b |
| Zm | 8.01±0.02b | 4.07±0.01b | 452.52±29.35b | 101.21±0.97a | 325.88±14.49a |
| Gs | 8.15±0.02a | 4.12±0.02a | 689.77±3.27a | 104.13±1.29a | 379.85±53.36a |
处理 Treatment | Mg2+ (mg·kg-1) | HCO3- (mg·kg-1) | Cl- (mg·kg-1) | SO42- (mg·kg-1) | CO32- (mg·kg-1) |
| S | 97.37±7.03d | 95.71±0.61bc | 369.70±16.40e | 0.76±0.00c | - |
| SS | 96.86±6.35d | 91.65±0.93c | 613.62±7.25d | 0.88±0.00b | - |
| Sb | 139.96±3.51c | 107.74±2.53b | 810.58±8.62c | 0.46±0.01d | - |
| Zm | 407.10±2.74b | 126.91±6.07a | 1129.64±31.09b | 0.27±0.01e | - |
| Gs | 519.87±13.66a | 121.16±6.40a | 2978.12±43.53a | 1.34±0.00a | - |
| 指标Index | S | SS | Sb | Zm | Gs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 颗粒有机碳Particulate organic carbon (POC, g·kg-1) | 1.62±0.00c | 1.72±0.01a | 1.68±0.00b | 1.58±0.00d | 1.52±0.00e |
| 轻组有机碳Light fraction organic carbon (LFOC, g·kg-1) | 1.30±0.01c | 1.47±0.01a | 1.37±0.01b | 1.15±0.00d | 1.08±0.02e |
| 可溶性有机碳Dissolved organic carbon (DOC, mg·kg-1) | 359.89±0.76c | 371.49±0.30a | 368.72±1.10b | 340.35±0.92d | 320.19±0.11e |
| 微生物生物量碳Microbial biomass carbon (MBC, mg·kg-1) | 172.05±0.05c | 185.01±0.07a | 180.27±0.37b | 162.92±0.39d | 156.98±0.89e |
| 易氧化态碳Easily oxidizable carbon (EOC, g·kg-1) | 1.44±0.00c | 1.57±0.01a | 1.48±0.01b | 1.40±0.01d | 1.33±0.01e |
| 土壤有机质Soil organic matter (SOM, g·kg-1) | 12.83±1.17bc | 14.51±0.29b | 18.96±1.25a | 11.67±0.58bc | 9.58±1.36c |
| 全氮Total nitrogen (TN, g·kg-1) | 0.42±0.00c | 0.47±0.02b | 0.54±0.01a | 0.41±0.00c | 0.41±0.01c |
| 速效磷Available phosphorus (AP, mg·kg-1) | 41.33±0.88b | 48.00±0.58a | 36.00±1.00c | 35.33±1.20c | 27.00±1.00d |
| 速效钾Available potassium (AK, mg·kg-1) | 84.67±2.73c | 139.33±2.60a | 96.67±0.88b | 70.00±1.53d | 62.33±0.67e |
表2 种植耐盐碱作物的土壤有机碳和养分含量
Table 2 Soil organic carbon and nutrient contents for growing salt-tolerant crops
| 指标Index | S | SS | Sb | Zm | Gs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 颗粒有机碳Particulate organic carbon (POC, g·kg-1) | 1.62±0.00c | 1.72±0.01a | 1.68±0.00b | 1.58±0.00d | 1.52±0.00e |
| 轻组有机碳Light fraction organic carbon (LFOC, g·kg-1) | 1.30±0.01c | 1.47±0.01a | 1.37±0.01b | 1.15±0.00d | 1.08±0.02e |
| 可溶性有机碳Dissolved organic carbon (DOC, mg·kg-1) | 359.89±0.76c | 371.49±0.30a | 368.72±1.10b | 340.35±0.92d | 320.19±0.11e |
| 微生物生物量碳Microbial biomass carbon (MBC, mg·kg-1) | 172.05±0.05c | 185.01±0.07a | 180.27±0.37b | 162.92±0.39d | 156.98±0.89e |
| 易氧化态碳Easily oxidizable carbon (EOC, g·kg-1) | 1.44±0.00c | 1.57±0.01a | 1.48±0.01b | 1.40±0.01d | 1.33±0.01e |
| 土壤有机质Soil organic matter (SOM, g·kg-1) | 12.83±1.17bc | 14.51±0.29b | 18.96±1.25a | 11.67±0.58bc | 9.58±1.36c |
| 全氮Total nitrogen (TN, g·kg-1) | 0.42±0.00c | 0.47±0.02b | 0.54±0.01a | 0.41±0.00c | 0.41±0.01c |
| 速效磷Available phosphorus (AP, mg·kg-1) | 41.33±0.88b | 48.00±0.58a | 36.00±1.00c | 35.33±1.20c | 27.00±1.00d |
| 速效钾Available potassium (AK, mg·kg-1) | 84.67±2.73c | 139.33±2.60a | 96.67±0.88b | 70.00±1.53d | 62.33±0.67e |
处理 Treatment | 蔗糖酶 Invertase (INV, mg·g-1) | 脲酶 Urease (UE, mg·g-1) | 过氧化氢酶 Catalase (CAT, mg·g-1) | 硝态氮Nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N, mg·kg-1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| S | 3.94±0.02b | 16.06±0.03c | 0.62±0.00a | 26.34±0.05a |
| SS | 4.21±0.02a | 16.70±0.09a | 0.63±0.00a | 25.48±0.02c |
| Sb | 4.03±0.01b | 16.22±0.01b | 0.59±0.00b | 23.07±0.08e |
| Zm | 3.48±0.03c | 15.43±0.04d | 0.54±0.01c | 25.80±0.03b |
| Gs | 3.15±0.04d | 15.22±0.04e | 0.52±0.01d | 24.24±0.04d |
处理 Treatment | 微生物生物量氮Microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN, mg·kg-1) | 轻组有机氮Light fraction organic nitrogen (LFON, g·kg-1) | 颗粒有机氮Particulate organic nitrogen (PON, g·kg-1) | 可溶性有机氮Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON, mg·kg-1) |
| S | 28.49±0.07c | 0.75±0.00b | 0.32±0.00c | 23.47±0.02c |
| SS | 29.29±0.09b | 0.82±0.01a | 0.37±0.00a | 24.14±0.01b |
| Sb | 29.99±0.01a | 0.81±0.00a | 0.35±0.00b | 24.25±0.04a |
| Zm | 27.38±0.03d | 0.71±0.01c | 0.28±0.00d | 22.10±0.01d |
| Gs | 26.77±0.06e | 0.64±0.00d | 0.25±0.00e | 21.06±0.03e |
表3 种植耐盐碱作物的土壤酶活性和氮组分
Table 3 Soil enzyme activities and nitrogen fractions for growing salt-tolerant crops
处理 Treatment | 蔗糖酶 Invertase (INV, mg·g-1) | 脲酶 Urease (UE, mg·g-1) | 过氧化氢酶 Catalase (CAT, mg·g-1) | 硝态氮Nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N, mg·kg-1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| S | 3.94±0.02b | 16.06±0.03c | 0.62±0.00a | 26.34±0.05a |
| SS | 4.21±0.02a | 16.70±0.09a | 0.63±0.00a | 25.48±0.02c |
| Sb | 4.03±0.01b | 16.22±0.01b | 0.59±0.00b | 23.07±0.08e |
| Zm | 3.48±0.03c | 15.43±0.04d | 0.54±0.01c | 25.80±0.03b |
| Gs | 3.15±0.04d | 15.22±0.04e | 0.52±0.01d | 24.24±0.04d |
处理 Treatment | 微生物生物量氮Microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN, mg·kg-1) | 轻组有机氮Light fraction organic nitrogen (LFON, g·kg-1) | 颗粒有机氮Particulate organic nitrogen (PON, g·kg-1) | 可溶性有机氮Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON, mg·kg-1) |
| S | 28.49±0.07c | 0.75±0.00b | 0.32±0.00c | 23.47±0.02c |
| SS | 29.29±0.09b | 0.82±0.01a | 0.37±0.00a | 24.14±0.01b |
| Sb | 29.99±0.01a | 0.81±0.00a | 0.35±0.00b | 24.25±0.04a |
| Zm | 27.38±0.03d | 0.71±0.01c | 0.28±0.00d | 22.10±0.01d |
| Gs | 26.77±0.06e | 0.64±0.00d | 0.25±0.00e | 21.06±0.03e |
图1 种植耐盐碱作物的土壤细菌OTUs韦恩图S: 高粱S. bicolor; SS: 高丹草S. bicolor×S. sudanense; Sb: 田菁S. cannabina; Zm: 棉花G. herbaceum; Gs: 玉米Z. mays. 下同The same below.
Fig.1 Venn diagram of soil bacteria OTUs for growing salt-tolerant crops
图7 种植耐盐碱作物的土壤理化性质与细菌群落冗余分析POC: 颗粒有机碳Particulate organic carbon; DOC: 可溶性有机碳Dissolved organic carbon; LFOC: 轻组有机碳Light fraction organic carbon. 下同The same below.
Fig.7 Redundancy analysis (RDA) of soil physicochemical properties and bacterial communities under growing salt-tolerant crops
图8 土壤理化性质与细菌群落的相关性分析MBC: 微生物生物量碳Microbial biomass carbon; EOC: 易氧化态碳Easily oxidizable carbon; SOM: 土壤有机质Soil organic matter; TN: 全氮Total nitrogen; AP: 速效磷Available phosphorus; AK: 速效钾Available potassium; MBN: 微生物生物量氮Microbial biomass nitrogen; LFON: 轻组有机氮Light fraction organic nitrogen; PON: 颗粒有机氮Particulate organic nitrogen; DON: 可溶性有机氮Dissolved organic nitrogen; NO3--N: 硝态氮Nitrate nitrogen; INV: 蔗糖酶Invertase; UE: 脲酶Urease; CAT: 过氧化氢酶Catalase. *: P<0.05; **: P<0.01.
Fig.8 Correlation analysis between soil physicochemical properties and bacterial communities
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