干旱胁迫下多胺在植物体内的积累及其作用

doi:10.11686/cyxb2022303

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

干旱胁迫是造成作物减产的主要非生物胁迫之一。多胺是存在于植物体内的一类具有强烈生物活性的低分子量脂肪族含氮碱，参与植物器官发生、胚胎发生、花芽分化、叶片衰老、花粉管生长、果实发育和成熟等生理过程，且在植物遭受干旱胁迫时发挥着重要作用。本研究对多胺的合成和分解代谢、多胺在非生物胁迫下的功能、干旱胁迫下多胺积累的物种差异和品种差异、利用外源添加和转基因方法阐明多胺在生理水平上通过提高植物生长发育、光合能力、渗透调节物质积累和抗氧化能力增强植物抗旱性，以及多胺在分子水平上参与植物干旱胁迫期间信号转导进行了综述。

关键词: 植物, 多胺, 积累, 外源添加, 基因调控, 信号转导, 抗旱性

Abstract:

Drought stress is one of the major abiotic stresses that causes reductions in crop yields. Polyamines are a class of low molecular weight aliphatic nitrogenous bases in plants. They have strong biological activity and are involved in a range of physiological processes such as plant organogenesis， embryogenesis， bud differentiation， leaf senescence， pollen tube growth， and fruit development and ripening. They also play important roles in plants under drought stress. In this paper， we review research on the anabolism and catabolism of polyamines， their functions under abiotic stress， and differences in their accumulation among species/varieties of plants under drought stress. We also discuss studies on the effects of exogenous polyamines and those using transgenic approaches to elucidate the roles of polyamines at the physiological level. The body of research on polyamines has shown that they enhance drought resistance by improving plant growth and development， photosynthetic capacity， accumulation of osmoregulatory substances， and antioxidant capacity， and that they participate in signal transduction at the molecular level in plants under drought stress.

Key words: plants, polyamines, accumulation, exogenous addition, gene regulation, signal transduction, drought resistance

王文娟, 师尚礼, 何龙, 武蓓, 刘旵旵. 干旱胁迫下多胺在植物体内的积累及其作用[J]. 草业学报, 2023, 32(6): 186-202.

Wen-juan WANG, Shang-li SHI, Long HE, Bei WU, Chan-chan LIU. Accumulation and functions of polyamines in plants under drought stress[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2023, 32(6): 186-202.

图/表 7

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物种 Species	干旱条件 Drought conditions	胁迫时间 Stress times	3种多胺含量的变化 Changes in the content of the three polyamines	参考文献 References
小麦 T. aestivum	停止灌溉Stop irrigation	12，24，36，48 h	Put、Spd和Spm含量先迅速升高而后下降，较高的Spd和Spm含量有利于增强小麦幼苗的抗旱性。 Put， Spd and Spm contents increased rapidly and then decreased， and higher Spd and Spm contents were beneficial to enhance the drought resistance of wheat seedlings.	［70］
小麦 T. aestivum	停止灌溉Stop irrigation	11 d	Put和Spm含量升高，Spd含量下降，其中Put的增加可能有利于Spm的进一步积累，从而抵抗干旱胁迫。 Put and Spm contents increased and Spd content decreased， in which the increase of Put might be beneficial to the further accumulation of Spm， thus resisting drought stress.	［69］
黑麦草 Lolium perenne	停止灌溉Stop irrigation	20 d	Put、Spd和Spm含量上升，其中Spd和Spm上升幅度更大，与抗旱性关系密切。Put， Spd and Spm contents increased， among which Spd and Spm increased more and were closely related to drought resistance.	［77］
车前草 C. plantagineum	停止灌溉Stop irrigation	1，2，4，8，24，72，96 h	在干旱处理的前24 h内，Spd和Spm含量增加，Put含量逐渐降低。Spd and Spm content increased and Put content gradually decreased during the first 24 h of drought treatment.	［72］
水稻 O. sativa	土壤含水量为田间持水量的50%。Soil water content is 50% of field water holding capacity.	18 d	Put 和Spd含量下降，Spm含量显著增加，Spm有利于增强植株抗旱性。Put and Spd content decreased and Spm content increased significantly， and Spm was beneficial to enhance the drought resistance of plants.	［78］
紫花苜蓿 Medicago sativa	土壤含水量为田间持水量的（55±5）%和（35±5）%。Soil water content is （55±5）% and （35±5）% of field water holding capacity.	1，3，5，7 d	Put、Spd和Spm含量先上升后下降。 Put， Spd and Spm content increased and then decreased.	［79］
油菜 Brassica napus	土壤含水量为田间持水量的50%、30%和10%。Soil water content is 50%， 30% and 10% of field water holding capacity.	7 d	Put和Spm含量增加。Put and Spm content increased.	［80］
大马士革玫瑰 R. damascena	土壤含水量为田间持水量的50%和25%。Soil water content is 50% and 25% of field water holding capacity.	1，3，6，12 d	Put含量降低，Spd和Spm含量增加。 Put content decreased and Spd and Spm content increased.	［76］
李 Prunus salicina	对叶片喷清水，盆内不浇水。Spray water on the leaves and keep the pots unwatered.	60 d	Put、Spd和Spm含量明显增加。 Put， Spd and Spm contents were significantly increased.	［81］
毛竹 Phyllostachys heterocycla	5%、15%和25% PEG 6000模拟干旱胁迫。5%， 15% and 25% PEG 6000 simulated drought stress.	20 d	Put含量显著下降、Spd和Spm含量逐渐上升，Put向Spd和Spm的转化有利于增强抗旱性。Put content decreased significantly and Spd and Spm content increased gradually， and the conversion of Put to Spd and Spm was beneficial to enhance drought resistance.	［82］
鹰嘴豆 C. arietinum	-0.6 MPa PEG 6000模拟干旱胁迫。 -0.6 MPa PEG 6000 to simulate drought stress.	1，2，3，4，5，6，7 d	Put、Spd和Spm含量升高，其中Spd含量的显著增加在抵抗干旱胁迫中发挥着重要作用。Put， Spd and Spm contents increased， among which the significant increase in Spd content played an important role in the resistance to drought stress.	［67］
番茄 L. esculentum	10% PEG 6000模拟干旱胁迫。10% PEG 6000 simulated drought stress.	6，12，24，36，48 h	Put、Spd和Spm含量不断增加，其中Spd和Spm的积累量均高于Put，Spm和Spd维持其抗旱性。 Put， Spd and Spm contents increased continuously， where both Spd and Spm accumulated more than Put， and Spm and Spd maintained their drought resistance.	［75］

物种 Species	干旱条件 Drought conditions	胁迫时间 Stress times	3种多胺含量的变化 Changes in the content of the three polyamines	参考文献 References
小麦 T. aestivum	停止灌溉Stop irrigation	12，24，36，48 h	Put、Spd和Spm含量先迅速升高而后下降，较高的Spd和Spm含量有利于增强小麦幼苗的抗旱性。 Put， Spd and Spm contents increased rapidly and then decreased， and higher Spd and Spm contents were beneficial to enhance the drought resistance of wheat seedlings.	［70］
小麦 T. aestivum	停止灌溉Stop irrigation	11 d	Put和Spm含量升高，Spd含量下降，其中Put的增加可能有利于Spm的进一步积累，从而抵抗干旱胁迫。 Put and Spm contents increased and Spd content decreased， in which the increase of Put might be beneficial to the further accumulation of Spm， thus resisting drought stress.	［69］
黑麦草 Lolium perenne	停止灌溉Stop irrigation	20 d	Put、Spd和Spm含量上升，其中Spd和Spm上升幅度更大，与抗旱性关系密切。Put， Spd and Spm contents increased， among which Spd and Spm increased more and were closely related to drought resistance.	［77］
车前草 C. plantagineum	停止灌溉Stop irrigation	1，2，4，8，24，72，96 h	在干旱处理的前24 h内，Spd和Spm含量增加，Put含量逐渐降低。Spd and Spm content increased and Put content gradually decreased during the first 24 h of drought treatment.	［72］
水稻 O. sativa	土壤含水量为田间持水量的50%。Soil water content is 50% of field water holding capacity.	18 d	Put 和Spd含量下降，Spm含量显著增加，Spm有利于增强植株抗旱性。Put and Spd content decreased and Spm content increased significantly， and Spm was beneficial to enhance the drought resistance of plants.	［78］
紫花苜蓿 Medicago sativa	土壤含水量为田间持水量的（55±5）%和（35±5）%。Soil water content is （55±5）% and （35±5）% of field water holding capacity.	1，3，5，7 d	Put、Spd和Spm含量先上升后下降。 Put， Spd and Spm content increased and then decreased.	［79］
油菜 Brassica napus	土壤含水量为田间持水量的50%、30%和10%。Soil water content is 50%， 30% and 10% of field water holding capacity.	7 d	Put和Spm含量增加。Put and Spm content increased.	［80］
大马士革玫瑰 R. damascena	土壤含水量为田间持水量的50%和25%。Soil water content is 50% and 25% of field water holding capacity.	1，3，6，12 d	Put含量降低，Spd和Spm含量增加。 Put content decreased and Spd and Spm content increased.	［76］
李 Prunus salicina	对叶片喷清水，盆内不浇水。Spray water on the leaves and keep the pots unwatered.	60 d	Put、Spd和Spm含量明显增加。 Put， Spd and Spm contents were significantly increased.	［81］
毛竹 Phyllostachys heterocycla	5%、15%和25% PEG 6000模拟干旱胁迫。5%， 15% and 25% PEG 6000 simulated drought stress.	20 d	Put含量显著下降、Spd和Spm含量逐渐上升，Put向Spd和Spm的转化有利于增强抗旱性。Put content decreased significantly and Spd and Spm content increased gradually， and the conversion of Put to Spd and Spm was beneficial to enhance drought resistance.	［82］
鹰嘴豆 C. arietinum	-0.6 MPa PEG 6000模拟干旱胁迫。 -0.6 MPa PEG 6000 to simulate drought stress.	1，2，3，4，5，6，7 d	Put、Spd和Spm含量升高，其中Spd含量的显著增加在抵抗干旱胁迫中发挥着重要作用。Put， Spd and Spm contents increased， among which the significant increase in Spd content played an important role in the resistance to drought stress.	［67］
番茄 L. esculentum	10% PEG 6000模拟干旱胁迫。10% PEG 6000 simulated drought stress.	6，12，24，36，48 h	Put、Spd和Spm含量不断增加，其中Spd和Spm的积累量均高于Put，Spm和Spd维持其抗旱性。 Put， Spd and Spm contents increased continuously， where both Spd and Spm accumulated more than Put， and Spm and Spd maintained their drought resistance.	［75］

物种 Species	取样部位 Sampling area	抗旱类型 Types of drought resistance	多胺含量的变化Changes in polyamine content			参考文献 References
物种 Species	取样部位 Sampling area	抗旱类型 Types of drought resistance	Put	Spd	Spm	参考文献 References
小麦T. aestivum	叶片Leaf	耐旱型Drought tolerant	↑	↑	↑	［4］
小麦T. aestivum	叶片Leaf	敏感型Drought sensitive	↑↑	－	－	［4］
玉米Z. mays	叶片Leaf	耐旱型Drought tolerant	↑	↑↑	↑↑	［88］
玉米Z. mays	叶片Leaf	敏感型Drought sensitive	↑↑	↑	↑	［88］
大豆G. max	叶片Leaf	耐旱型Drought tolerant	↑	↑↑	↑↑	［87］
大豆G. max	叶片Leaf	敏感型Drought sensitive	↑↑	↑	↑	［87］
番茄S. lycopersicum	叶片Leaf	耐旱型Drought tolerant	－	↑	↑	［89］
番茄S. lycopersicum	叶片Leaf	敏感型Drought sensitive	－	↓	↓	［89］
番茄L. esculentum	果实Fruit	耐旱型Drought tolerant	↓	↑	↓	［90］
番茄L. esculentum	果实Fruit	敏感型Drought sensitive	↑	－	－	［90］

物种 Species	取样部位 Sampling area	抗旱类型 Types of drought resistance	多胺含量的变化Changes in polyamine content			参考文献 References
物种 Species	取样部位 Sampling area	抗旱类型 Types of drought resistance	Put	Spd	Spm	参考文献 References
小麦T. aestivum	叶片Leaf	耐旱型Drought tolerant	↑	↑	↑	［4］
小麦T. aestivum	叶片Leaf	敏感型Drought sensitive	↑↑	－	－	［4］
玉米Z. mays	叶片Leaf	耐旱型Drought tolerant	↑	↑↑	↑↑	［88］
玉米Z. mays	叶片Leaf	敏感型Drought sensitive	↑↑	↑	↑	［88］
大豆G. max	叶片Leaf	耐旱型Drought tolerant	↑	↑↑	↑↑	［87］
大豆G. max	叶片Leaf	敏感型Drought sensitive	↑↑	↑	↑	［87］
番茄S. lycopersicum	叶片Leaf	耐旱型Drought tolerant	－	↑	↑	［89］
番茄S. lycopersicum	叶片Leaf	敏感型Drought sensitive	－	↓	↓	［89］
番茄L. esculentum	果实Fruit	耐旱型Drought tolerant	↓	↑	↓	［90］
番茄L. esculentum	果实Fruit	敏感型Drought sensitive	↑	－	－	［90］

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