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草业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (10): 82-92.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2022473

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

黑龙江中南部16个饲用燕麦品种生产性能综合评价

李峰1(), 李文龙1, 李雪2, 张仲鹃2, 白林坡3, 赵雨霏4, 陶雅1()   

  1. 1.中国农业科学院草原研究所,农业农村部饲草高效生产模式创新重点实验室,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010010
    2.黑龙江飞鹤乳业有限公司创新中心,北京 100015
    3.中国动物卫生与流行病学中心,山东 青岛 266032
    4.中国兽医药品监察所,北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2022-11-30 修回日期:2023-01-04 出版日期:2023-10-20 发布日期:2023-07-26
  • 通讯作者: 陶雅
  • 作者简介:E-mail: taoya2001@126.com
    李峰(1981-),男,甘肃天水人,助理研究员,硕士。E-mail: lifeng03@caas.cn
  • 基金资助:
    中国农业科学院创新工程(CAAS-ASTIP-IGR 2016-02);呼和浩特市科技计划(2022-农-重-2-2)和云南省科技厅科技计划(202003 AD150016)

A multi-trait evaluation of the performance of 16 forage oat varieties in central and southern Heilongjiang Province

Feng LI1(), Wen-long LI1, Xue LI2, Zhong-juan ZHANG2, Lin-po BAI3, Yu-fei ZHAO4, Ya TAO1()   

  1. 1.Grassland Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Key Laboratory for Model Innovation in Forage Production Efficiency,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Hohhot 010010,China
    2.Innovation Center of Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co. ,Ltd. ,Beijing 100015,China
    3.China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center,Qingdao 266032,China
    4.China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control,Beijing 100081,China
  • Received:2022-11-30 Revised:2023-01-04 Online:2023-10-20 Published:2023-07-26
  • Contact: Ya TAO

摘要:

为了筛选出适宜黑龙江中南部种植的春播饲用燕麦品种,助力该地区畜牧业可持续发展,本研究对16个国内外燕麦品种的生育期、倒伏情况、产量性状和营养品质进行了监测分析,并应用灰色关联法对不同品种燕麦在黑龙江中南部的生产性能进行了综合评价。结果表明,16个燕麦品种从播种至刈割(乳熟期)需83~97 d,期间猛士1号、青引1号、青引2号、魅力、太阳神以及科纳未倒伏;各品种株高、干草产量、鲜草产量、粗蛋白(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、粗脂肪(EE)、可溶性碳水化合物(WSC)以及相对饲草质量(RFQ)的变化范围分别为96.40~131.13 cm、7287.73~14635.76 kg·hm-2、19366.97~36905.00 kg·hm-2、8.61%~11.39%干物质(DM)、42.86%~57.84%DM、23.52%~34.99%DM、1.19%~1.88%DM、3.52%~10.18%DM和128.28~208.78;所有评价指标在不同品种间均存在显著差异(P<0.05),其中青引1号、青海甜燕麦和黑贝的株高显著大于其他品种,猛士1号、科纳、白燕7号和大汉的干草产量显著高于其他品种,蓝鸟1号的CP含量显著大于其他品种,白燕7号、猛士1号和蓝鸟1号的NDF含量显著低于魅力和爱沃,猛士1号、白燕7号、领袖和蓝鸟1号的ADF含量显著低于爱沃,白燕7号的RFQ显著大于其他品种。灰色关联分析结果表明,各指标中株高、CP和NDF的权重系数位列前三,为该地区燕麦生产力评价的重要指标;白燕7号、猛士1号、科纳、青引2号和青海甜燕麦评分较高,综合生产性能较好,适宜在试验区及相同类型区域推广种植。

关键词: 黑龙江中南部, 春播, 饲用燕麦, 生产性能, 营养品质

Abstract:

This research evaluated forage oat varieties for suitability for spring sowing in central and southern Heilongjiang Province to assist the sustainable development of animal husbandry in this region. Our study monitored and analyzed the growth period, lodging resistance, yield traits and nutritional quality of 16 domestic and foreign oat (Avena sativa) varieties, and compiled a multi-trait production performance score using the grey correlation method. The results were as follows: Time from sowing to cutting (milk maturity) for the 16 oat varieties ranged from 83-97 days, during which time Mengshi No.1, Qingyin No.1, Qingyin No.2, Charisma, Helios and Kona did not lodge. Values for plant height, hay yield, fresh yield, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), ether extract (EE), water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC), and relative feed quality (RFQ), respectively, ranged from 96.40-131.13 cm, 7287.73-14635.76 kg·hm-2, 19366.97-36905.00 kg·hm-2, 8.61%-11.39% dry matter (DM), 42.86%-57.84%DM, 23.52%-34.99%DM, 1.19%-1.88%DM, 3.52%-10.18%DM, and 128.28-208.78. There were significant differences among different varieties in all characteristics evaluated (P<0.05), and the plant heights of Qingyin No.1, Qinghai sweet oats and Heibei were significantly greater than those of other varieties. The hay yields of Mengshi No.1, Kona, Baiyan No.7 and Dahan were significantly higher than those of other varieties; The CP content of Lanniao No.1 was significantly higher than that of other varieties; The NDF contents of Baiyan No.7, Mengshi No.1 and Lanniao No.1 were significantly lower than Charisma and Everleaf, and Mengshi No.1, Baiyan No.7, Souris and Lanniao No.1 had significantly lower ADF than Everleaf. The RFQ value of Baiyan No.7 was significantly higher than that of other varieties. Grey correlation analysis showed that the weighting coefficients for plant height, CP and NDF ranked the top three among all traits and were therefore important characteristics for evaluating oat productivity in this region. Baiyan No.7, Mengshi No.1, Kona, Qingyin No.2 and Qinghai sweet oat had higher grey scores and superior multi-trait performance, and are therefore recommended as suitable for sowing in Heilongjiang Province and similar areas.

Key words: central and southern Heilongjiang Province, sown in spring, forage oat, productivity, nutritional quality