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草业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (4): 73-86.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2023183

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

燕麦不同组合正、反交杂种后代的表型及遗传参数分析

慕平1(), 柴继宽2, 苏玮娟2, 章海龙3, 赵桂琴2()   

  1. 1.甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃 兰州 730070
    2.甘肃农业大学草业学院,甘肃 兰州 730070
    3.青海省三江集团有限责任公司,青海 西宁 810003
  • 收稿日期:2023-05-31 修回日期:2023-09-15 出版日期:2024-04-20 发布日期:2024-01-15
  • 通讯作者: 赵桂琴
  • 作者简介:E-mail: zhaogq@gsau.edu
    慕平(1971-),男,甘肃兰州人,副教授,博士。E-mail: mup@gsau.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    甘肃省科技计划项目(23ZDKA013);草种业核心技术攻关项目(SJCZFY2022-9-05)

Phenotype and genetic variation analysis of forward and reverse hybrid progeny from different oat crosses

Ping MU1(), Ji-kuan CHAI2, Wei-juan SU2, Hai-long ZHANG3, Gui-qin ZHAO2()   

  1. 1.College of Agronomy,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China
    2.College of Pratacultural Science,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China
    3.Qinghai Sanjiang Group Co. ,Ltd,Xining 810003,China
  • Received:2023-05-31 Revised:2023-09-15 Online:2024-04-20 Published:2024-01-15
  • Contact: Gui-qin ZHAO

摘要:

为了明确燕麦不同组合正、反交杂种后代的表型差异及遗传变异情况,本研究以福瑞至(F709)与709(709F)、牧乐思(ML2)与陇燕2号(L2M)为亲本配制正、反交组合,用简单序列重复分子标记对杂种F1代进行了鉴定,比较了正、反交杂种的表型差异,并分析了杂种F2代的遗传变异及多样性。结果表明:用SSR分子标记从37个F1单株中共鉴定出32个真杂种,占比86.5%。福瑞至和709、牧乐思和陇燕2号组合的F1真杂种率分别为88.9%和84.2%。正、反交对杂种后代的表型有显著影响。F709-F1的旗叶比反交的窄19.4%;ML2-F1的主穗粒数比反交少12.2%。F2群体遗传变异幅度较大。同一性状在正、反交F2中的遗传变异系数(Gcv)、广义遗传力(Hb)和相对遗传进度(ΔGt)存在显著差异。F2群体株高的遗传变异系数较小(4.50%~10.27%)、广义遗传力较高(33.12%~85.41%),分蘖数和有效分蘖数的相对遗传进度较大。福瑞至和709的正、反交F2群体的穗下节长的广义遗传力是所有指标中最低的,分别为14.13%和23.81%,相对遗传进度也最小。主穗粒数的Gcv在其正、反交F2中的差异最显著,在F709-F2中为7.09%,反交中增至19.03%;F709-F2Hb为22.54%,反交则为66.01%。牧乐思和陇燕2号的正、反交F2群体叶片数的广义遗传力最高(99.53%),几乎不受环境的影响。ML2-F2旗叶宽的Hb为9.07%,其ΔGt为2.79,反交中旗叶宽的Hb为30.23%,ΔGt为9.77。10对SSR引物对F2群体扩增的多态性比率达73.5%,实际杂合度为0.35~0.99,远高于期望杂合度;Nei’s基因多态性、香农指数分别为0.29~0.50和0.53~0.71,F2群体分离现象明显,遗传变异幅度大,具有较大的选择空间。

关键词: 燕麦, 杂种鉴定, 表型性状, 遗传变异

Abstract:

In order to clarify the phenotypic and genetic variation differences of F1 and backcross hybrid progenies in oat (Avena sativa), crosses were made in this study between four oat varieties: Forage (F709), 709 (709F), Molass (ML2) and Longyan No. 2 (L2M). Molecular identification of hybrid F1 plants was conducted by simple sequence repeat (SSR) and their phenotypic differences were compared. The genetic variation and diversity of the F2 generation were also analyzed. It was found that 32 from 37 (86.5%) of F1 plants were identified as true hybrids based on SSR. True hybrid rates of up to 88.9% were obtained for the Forage and 709 crosses, and rates of up to 84.2% were obtained for Molass and Longyan No.2. The cross mode significantly affected hybrid phenotype. The flag leaf width of F709-F1 was 19.4% narrower than that of 709F-F1. The grain number of the main panicle of ML2-F1 was 12.2% less than that of L2M-F1. The genetic variation of the F2 population was remarkable. Significant differences were observed in the F2 genetic variation coefficient (Gcv), generalized heritability (Hb) and relative genetic progress (ΔGt) of the same trait in F1 and backcrosses. Among the F2 population, plant height had the lowest Gcv (4.50%-10.27%) and higher Hb (33.12%-85.41%) while tiller number and effective tiller number had the greatest relative genetic progress. The Hb of peduncle length of the F2 population from Forage and 709 was the lowest (14.13% for the F1 cross and 23.81% for the backcross), with the least relative genetic progress. Significant Gcv and Hb differences between the F1 and backcrosses, were observed for grain number of the main panicle with values of 7.09% and 22.54%, respectively in F709-F2, and 19.03% and 66.01% in the backcross.The leaf number of the F2 population from Molass and Longyan No.2 had the highest Hb (99.53%), indicating little environmental effect. The Hb of flag leaf width of ML2-F2 was 9.07%, and ΔGt was 2.79, while in L2M-F2Hb was 30.23% and ΔGt was 9.77. Ten polymorphic SSR primers resulted in 73.5% polymorphism rate in the F2 population. Actual heterozygosity (0.35-0.99) was much higher than the expected heterozygosity. The Nei’s gene polymorphism and Shannon index were 0.29-0.50 and 0.53-0.71, respectively, indicating an obvious segregation and greater variation with great selection potential.

Key words: oats, hybrid identification, phenotypic traits, genetic variation