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草业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (9): 185-198.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2023409

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

高寒地区17个燕麦品种营养品质及瘤胃降解特性研究

关皓1(), 许多1, 李海萍3, 贾志锋2, 马祥2, 刘文辉2, 陈有军1, 李欣洋1, 黄艳玲4, 周青平1, 陈仕勇1()   

  1. 1.西南民族大学四川若尔盖高寒湿地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,四川 成都 610041
    2.青海省青藏高原优良牧草种质资源利用重点实验室,青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,青海 西宁 810016
    3.青海师范大学数学与统计学院,青海 西宁 810000
    4.西南民族大学畜牧兽医学院,四川 成都 610041
  • 收稿日期:2023-10-25 修回日期:2023-12-27 出版日期:2024-09-20 发布日期:2024-06-20
  • 通讯作者: 陈仕勇
  • 作者简介:E-mail: chengshi8827@163.com
    关皓(1991-),女,四川成都人,博士,助理研究员。E-mail: guanh0427@outlook.com
  • 基金资助:
    中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(ZYN2022054);青海省重点研发与转化计划“高品质燕麦生产及牦牛高效转化利用关键技术研究”(2022-NK-130);四川省“十四五”饲草育种攻关项目(2021YFYZ0013);四川省肉牛创新团队建设专项经费(CXTD2019-13)

A study of nutritional quality and rumen degradation characteristics of 17 oat varieties in high cold regions

Hao GUAN1(), Duo XU1, Hai-ping LI3, Zhi-feng JIA2, Xiang MA2, Wen-hui LIU2, You-jun CHEN1, Xin-yang LI1, Yan-ling HUANG4, Qing-ping ZHOU1, Shi-yong CHEN1()   

  1. 1.Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station,Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu 610041,China
    2.Key Laboratory of Superior Forage Germplasm in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China
    3.School of Mathematics and Statistics,Qinghai Normal University,Xining 810000,China
    4.College of Animal & Veterinary Science,Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu 610041,China
  • Received:2023-10-25 Revised:2023-12-27 Online:2024-09-20 Published:2024-06-20
  • Contact: Shi-yong CHEN

摘要:

为评价不同饲用燕麦营养品质及瘤胃降解特性,本试验选取了在青海省海南藏族自治州贵南县种植的17个燕麦品种,于乳熟期收获,测定其常规营养成分、体外发酵参数和体外产气量,计算饲草品质评定指数,利用主成分分析和隶属函数对不同品种燕麦的营养品质进行综合评价。结果表明:各品种燕麦干物质含量为24.44%~32.91% FW,莫妮卡最高;粗脂肪含量为1.60%~4.03%DM,青海444最高;粗蛋白含量为4.35%~6.23%DM,青海444最高;粗灰分含量为4.58%~6.51%DM,青海444最高;可溶性糖含量为3.49%~12.61%DM,青甜2号最高;中性洗涤纤维含量和酸性洗涤纤维的含量分别为45.56%~62.31%DM和23.75%~32.38%DM,均为坝燕6号最高。饲草品质评定指数方面,相对饲喂价值和相对饲草品质分别是95.06~143.74和118.32~213.25,均为甜燕1号最高。饲草分级指数为6.34~11.91 MJ·d-1,青海444最高。瘤胃发酵参数方面,pH为6.58~7.07,悍马最高;氨态氮含量为9.65~15.87 mg·dL-1,青海444最高;干物质降解率为63.01%~76.47%,牧王最高。体外产气量方面,不同品种燕麦不同时间点的累计产气量存在差异。72 h累计产气量为56.59~105.28 mL,产气最多的为牧王。综合以上结果,进行主成分分析和隶属函数综合评价,17个燕麦品种的综合得分排序如下:青海444>甜燕1号>青甜1号>甜燕3号>青甜2号>甜燕麦>贝勒>莫妮卡>牧王>白燕7号>悍马>优牧1号>梦龙>福瑞至>太阳神>爱沃126>坝燕6号。因此,青海444是适合在高寒地区种植的营养品质及潜在饲用价值最优的燕麦品种。

关键词: 燕麦, 营养价值, 瘤胃降解特性, 主成分分析, 隶属函数

Abstract:

To evaluate the nutritional quality and rumen degradation characteristics of different oat forages, 17 oat varieties planted in Guinan County, Qinghai Province were selected to determine their conventional nutritional components, in vitro fermentation parameters and gas production, then the forage quality evaluation index was calculated. Principal component analysis and the subordinate function method were used for multivariate evaluation. The results showed that dry matter (DM) content was 24.44%-32.91% fresh weight (FW), with variety Monica the highest. Ether extract levels were from 1.60%-4.03% DM, with Qinghai 444 the highest. Crude protein content ranged from 4.35%-6.23% DM, with Qinghai 444 the highest. Ash content was 4.58%-6.51% DM, with Qinghai 444 the highest. Water soluble carbohydrates content was 3.49%-12.61% DM, with Qingtian No.2 the highest. The levels of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber were 45.56%-62.31% DM and 23.75%-32.38% DM, respectively, and were highest in variety Bayan No.6. Relative feed value and relative feed quality ranged from 95.06-143.74 and 118.32-213.25, respectively, and were highest for Tianyan No.1. GI ranged from 6.34-11.91 MJ·d-1, with the highest value in Qinghai 444. The pH range was 6.58-7.07, with Hanma the highest; NH3-N content ranged from 9.65-15.87 mg·dL-1, and Qinghai 444 was the highest. The dry matter degradation rate ranged from 63.01%-76.47%, and Qinghai 444 was the highest. The cumulative in vitro gas production of different oat varieties at different time points differed, with a range of 56.59-105.28 mL in 72 hours, and the highest in variety Haymaker. Based on the principal component analysis and membership function, the comprehensive scores of the 17 oat varieties ranked as follows: Qinghai 444>Tianyan No.1>Qingtian No.1>Tianyan No.3>Qingtian No.2>Sweet oat>Baler>Monica>Haymaker>Baiyan No.7>Hanma>Youmu No.1>Magnum>Forage plus>Titan>Everleaf 126>Bayan No.6. Therefore, Qinghai 444 is the oat variety with the best nutritional quality and potential feeding value and can be recommended for planting in high-altitude and cold regions.

Key words: oat, nutritional value, rumen degradation characteristics, principal component analysis, membership function