草业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (12): 175-187.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2024109
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
张许可1(), 夏红飞1, 陈国立1, 李德州2, 张晓伟2, 李克梅1(), 王丽丽1()
收稿日期:
2024-04-09
修回日期:
2024-05-17
出版日期:
2024-12-20
发布日期:
2024-10-09
通讯作者:
李克梅,王丽丽
作者简介:
liliwang@xjau.edu.cn基金资助:
Xu-ke ZHANG1(), Hong-fei XIA1, Guo-li CHEN1, De-zhou LI2, Xiao-wei ZHANG2, Ke-mei LI1(), Li-li WANG1()
Received:
2024-04-09
Revised:
2024-05-17
Online:
2024-12-20
Published:
2024-10-09
Contact:
Ke-mei LI,Li-li WANG
摘要:
为确定新疆白三叶草根腐病的病原种类及生物学特性,本研究对新疆11个县(市)采集的有根腐症状的白三叶草进行了根部真菌的分离,分离到的真菌根据形态学和ITS、EF1-α和RPB2多基因序列鉴定,燕麦镰刀菌分离频率为51.69%、尖孢镰刀菌为17.42%、芬芳镰刀菌为4.50%,木贼镰刀菌为26.40%。致病性测定结果表明,4种镰刀菌对白三叶草根部均具有致病力,致病力强弱依次为尖孢镰刀菌>芬芳镰刀菌>木贼镰刀菌>燕麦镰刀菌。生物学特性结果表明,燕麦镰刀菌在15~25 ℃生长良好,其他3种镰刀菌最适菌丝生长温度均为25 ℃;4种镰刀菌在pH为7~9时菌丝生长良好,且在不同光照条件下菌丝生长无显著差异;尖孢镰刀菌和燕麦镰刀菌最适菌丝生长培养基和碳源均为马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基(PDA)和菊糖,芬芳镰刀菌和木贼镰刀菌最适菌丝生长培养基均为查氏培养基(Czapek),对多元醇类碳源利用效果较好;燕麦镰刀菌和木贼镰刀菌最适菌丝生长氮源均为蛋白胨,其他2种病原菌均为牛肉膏。4种镰刀菌在温度25~30 ℃、pH为6~8产孢较好;不同光照条件下,除尖孢镰刀菌和芬芳镰刀菌在12 h光暗交替条件下产孢明显增多,其他各菌种产孢无显著差异;尖孢镰刀菌和芬芳镰刀菌最适产孢培养基均为马铃薯蔗糖琼脂培养基,燕麦镰刀菌和木贼镰刀菌分别为燕麦片琼脂培养基(OA)、玉米粉琼脂培养基(CMA);燕麦镰刀菌、尖孢镰刀菌、芬芳镰刀菌和木贼镰刀菌最适产孢碳源分别为山梨醇、葡萄糖、麦芽糖、可溶性淀粉,前两者病原菌最适产孢氮源均为硝酸钾,后二者均为酵母浸粉。尖孢镰刀菌和芬芳镰刀菌致死温度为64 ℃ 10 min,燕麦镰刀菌和木贼镰刀菌均为55 ℃ 10 min。除尖孢镰刀菌外,其他3种病菌均为白三叶草上的首次发现,系为白三叶草新病原。
张许可, 夏红飞, 陈国立, 李德州, 张晓伟, 李克梅, 王丽丽. 白三叶草镰刀菌根腐病病原鉴定及其生物学特性[J]. 草业学报, 2024, 33(12): 175-187.
Xu-ke ZHANG, Hong-fei XIA, Guo-li CHEN, De-zhou LI, Xiao-wei ZHANG, Ke-mei LI, Li-li WANG. Identification and biological characterisation of Fusarium root rot pathogens of white clover[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2024, 33(12): 175-187.
图1 白三叶草根腐病田间症状A: 白三叶草根腐病田间地上部发病症状Symptoms of white clover root rot in the field; B: 发病植株根系Roots of diseased plants; C: 根茎剖面(维管束变色) Rhizome section (vascular bundle discoloratio).
Fig.1 Symptoms of white clover root rot in field
地点 Location | 尖孢镰 刀菌F. oxysporum | 芬芳镰 刀菌F. redolens | 燕麦镰 刀菌F. avenaceum | 木贼镰 刀菌F. equiseti |
---|---|---|---|---|
乌鲁木齐市Urumqi | + | - | + | + |
三坪农场Sanping farm | - | - | + | + |
伊宁市Yining | + | + | + | + |
奎屯市Kuitun | + | - | + | - |
新源县Xinyuan | - | + | + | + |
塔城市Tacheng | - | - | + | + |
裕民县Yumin | - | - | + | + |
额敏县Emin | - | - | + | - |
和丰县Hefeng | - | - | + | + |
阿勒泰市Altay | - | - | + | + |
昌吉市Changji | + | - | + | - |
表1 不同采样地点病原菌分离情况
Table 1 Isolation of pathogenic bacteria in different sampling site
地点 Location | 尖孢镰 刀菌F. oxysporum | 芬芳镰 刀菌F. redolens | 燕麦镰 刀菌F. avenaceum | 木贼镰 刀菌F. equiseti |
---|---|---|---|---|
乌鲁木齐市Urumqi | + | - | + | + |
三坪农场Sanping farm | - | - | + | + |
伊宁市Yining | + | + | + | + |
奎屯市Kuitun | + | - | + | - |
新源县Xinyuan | - | + | + | + |
塔城市Tacheng | - | - | + | + |
裕民县Yumin | - | - | + | + |
额敏县Emin | - | - | + | - |
和丰县Hefeng | - | - | + | + |
阿勒泰市Altay | - | - | + | + |
昌吉市Changji | + | - | + | - |
图2 白三叶草根腐病病原菌形态学特征A~D: 依次为尖孢镰刀菌、芬芳镰刀菌、燕麦镰刀菌、木贼镰刀菌F. oxysporum, F. redolens, F. avenaceum, F. equiseti; 1: 菌落正面Obverse of colony morphology; 2: 菌落背面Reverse of colony morphology; A3~C3: 产孢结构Sporulation structure; D3: 厚垣孢子Chlamydospores; A4~D4: 分生孢子形态Conidium morphology.
Fig.2 Morphological characteristics of white clover root rot pathogen
种名 Species | 菌株 Strains | GenBank登录号GenBank accession number | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
ITS | EF1-α | RPB2 | ||
燕麦镰刀菌F. avenaceum | NRRL 54939 | OL832320 | OL772892 | JX171663 |
燕麦镰刀菌F. avenaceum | YNSF16-66 | - | MK185024 | MK185026 |
木贼镰刀菌F. equiseti | CBS 307.94 | KR071664 | KR071777 | KU604327 |
木贼镰刀菌F. equiseti | MFG 70143 | - | OR634791 | OR727722 |
藤仓镰刀菌F. fujikuroi | CBS 130402 | KU604034 | KU711677 | KU604261 |
藤仓镰刀菌F. fujikuroi | CBS 221.76 | KR071666 | KU604440 | KU603884 |
尖孢镰刀菌F. oxysporum | CBS 221.49 | - | MH484963 | MH484872 |
尖孢镰刀菌F. oxysporum | CBS 132475 | KR071660 | KR071771 | KU604313 |
芬芳镰刀菌F. redolens | MFG 70140 | - | OR020714 | OR727752 |
接骨木镰刀菌F. sambucinum | CBS 146.95 | KM231813 | KM231941 | KM232381 |
茄腐镰刀菌F. solani | CBS 102429 | KM231808 | KM231936 | KM232376 |
向日葵链格孢A. helianthi | CBS 134020 | KC609340 | - | KC609352 |
表2 构建多基因系统发育树所用菌株信息
Table 2 Strain information used to construct multi-gene phylogenetic tree
种名 Species | 菌株 Strains | GenBank登录号GenBank accession number | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
ITS | EF1-α | RPB2 | ||
燕麦镰刀菌F. avenaceum | NRRL 54939 | OL832320 | OL772892 | JX171663 |
燕麦镰刀菌F. avenaceum | YNSF16-66 | - | MK185024 | MK185026 |
木贼镰刀菌F. equiseti | CBS 307.94 | KR071664 | KR071777 | KU604327 |
木贼镰刀菌F. equiseti | MFG 70143 | - | OR634791 | OR727722 |
藤仓镰刀菌F. fujikuroi | CBS 130402 | KU604034 | KU711677 | KU604261 |
藤仓镰刀菌F. fujikuroi | CBS 221.76 | KR071666 | KU604440 | KU603884 |
尖孢镰刀菌F. oxysporum | CBS 221.49 | - | MH484963 | MH484872 |
尖孢镰刀菌F. oxysporum | CBS 132475 | KR071660 | KR071771 | KU604313 |
芬芳镰刀菌F. redolens | MFG 70140 | - | OR020714 | OR727752 |
接骨木镰刀菌F. sambucinum | CBS 146.95 | KM231813 | KM231941 | KM232381 |
茄腐镰刀菌F. solani | CBS 102429 | KM231808 | KM231936 | KM232376 |
向日葵链格孢A. helianthi | CBS 134020 | KC609340 | - | KC609352 |
图4 白三叶草根腐病接种根系发病症状A~D: 依次为尖孢镰刀菌、芬芳镰刀菌、燕麦镰刀菌、木贼镰刀菌致病性测定The pathogenicity of F. oxysporum, F. redolens, F. avenaceum and F. equiseti was determined in turn; E: 对照Control; 1: 叶部症状Symptoms on leaf; 2: 根部症状Symptom on root.
Fig. 4 Symptoms of white clover root rot inoculated root disease
处理 Treatment | 培养条件 Culture condition | 尖孢镰刀菌 F. oxysporum | 芬芳镰刀菌 F. redolens | 燕麦镰刀菌 F. avenaceum | 木贼镰刀菌 F. equiseti |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
温度 Temperature (℃) | 5 | 0.86±0.01e | 0.97±0.05e | 1.47±0.13c | 1.05±0.10f |
10 | 1.68±0.12d | 1.75±0.11d | 2.73±0.17b | 1.85±0.19e | |
15 | 2.76±0.14c | 2.15±0.22d | 4.26±0.31a | 2.49±0.18d | |
20 | 4.78±0.09b | 4.12±0.66b | 4.07±0.07a | 3.49±0.20c | |
25 | 6.82±0.75a | 6.24±0.19a | 3.97±0.94a | 6.17±0.33a | |
30 | 5.09±0.33b | 3.25±0.27c | 2.48±0.19b | 4.31±0.26b | |
35 | 0.98±0.06e | 1.62±0.05d | 1.01±0.01c | 1.00±0.08f | |
pH | 3 | 3.16±0.04e | 2.60±0.03f | 2.14±0.04e | 3.29±0.30e |
4 | 4.56±0.22d | 3.40±0.31e | 2.57±0.13d | 5.00±0.02d | |
5 | 5.58±0.20c | 4.23±0.55d | 3.08±0.03bc | 4.91±0.39d | |
6 | 6.05±0.58b | 5.35±0.30c | 3.36±0.11ab | 5.65±0.24c | |
7 | 6.24±0.17b | 6.05±0.12b | 3.68±0.35a | 6.21±0.11b | |
8 | 6.36±0.26b | 6.34±0.25ab | 3.51±0.13a | 6.74±0.53b | |
9 | 7.40±0.04a | 6.63±0.07a | 3.45±0.29a | 8.04±0.13a | |
10 | 7.26±0.05a | 6.51±0.03ab | 3.01±0.19c | 8.02±0.04a | |
11 | 7.27±0.14a | 6.34±0.10ab | 2.77±0.14cd | 7.94±0.51a | |
光照 Light | 全光照Full light | 6.21±0.10a | 5.81±0.19a | 3.66±0.49a | 4.70±0.79a |
全黑暗Full darkness | 6.48±0.21a | 5.32±0.20a | 3.42±0.37a | 4.10±0.76a | |
12 h光暗交替12 h dark/light | 6.05±0.64a | 5.71±0.36a | 3.32±0.28a | 5.20±0.26a | |
培养基 Media | 马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂Potato dextrose agar | 7.19±0.29a | 5.18±0.24bc | 5.68±0.22a | 4.51±0.89c |
马铃薯蔗糖琼脂Potato sucrose agar | 6.49±0.50bc | 5.07±0.26c | 4.94±0.19ab | 5.10±0.14bc | |
马铃薯胡萝卜琼脂Potato carrot agar | 6.42±0.28bc | 3.00±0.60e | 4.30±0.92b | 3.54±0.12d | |
水琼脂Water agar | 4.90±0.21d | 3.42±0.16e | 2.73±0.52c | 3.52±0.34d | |
玉米粉琼脂Corn meal agar | 5.26±0.18d | 4.47±0.05d | 4.25±0.21b | 5.51±0.23b | |
燕麦片琼脂Oatmeal agar | 6.54±0.23bc | 5.76±0.39b | 4.96±0.26ab | 7.19±0.12a | |
胡萝卜水琼脂Carrot agar | 6.20±0.31c | 5.43±0.40bc | 4.87±0.66ab | 3.56±0.21d | |
查氏培养基Czapek Dox agar | 6.80±0.70ab | 6.50±0.32a | 3.99±1.02b | 7.37±0.21a | |
碳源 Carbon source | 葡萄糖Glucose | 6.60±0.13bc | 6.17±0.31ab | 2.71±0.21bcd | 6.12±0.29b |
麦芽糖Maltose | 6.73±0.09bc | 6.33±0.35a | 3.41±0.62bc | 4.69±0.85de | |
乳糖Lactose | 7.01±0.18ab | 5.77±0.30abc | 2.35±0.31d | 4.00±0.54e | |
菊糖Inulin | 7.39±0.34a | 5.41±0.65bc | 4.55±1.25a | 5.05±0.96cd | |
D-果糖D-fructose | 6.42±0.13cd | 5.95±0.21abc | 2.65±0.21cd | 3.79±0.27e | |
甘露醇Mannitol | 6.60±0.16bc | 6.22±0.75a | 2.54±0.13cd | 7.25±0.25a | |
山梨醇Sorbitol | 6.67±0.28bc | 6.46±0.87a | 3.21±0.22bcd | 6.21±0.20b | |
可溶性淀粉Amylogen | 5.92±0.49e | 5.34±0.12c | 3.21±0.17bcd | 5.29±0.04bcd | |
无碳Carbonless | 6.14±0.04de | 5.97±0.42abc | 3.66±0.12b | 5.70±0.29bc | |
氮源 Nitrogen source | 硫酸铵Ammonia sulfate | 5.94±0.18c | 5.81±0.38cd | 1.75±0.35e | 5.40±0.15e |
氯化铵Ammonium chloride | 5.85±0.11c | 5.79±0.35cd | 1.78±0.20e | 5.52±0.13de | |
蛋白胨Peptone | 6.87±0.10ab | 6.10±0.04abc | 4.65±0.68a | 7.66±0.12a | |
牛肉膏Beef extract | 6.95±0.12a | 6.37±0.02a | 3.67±0.69bc | 7.52±0.36a | |
酵母浸粉Yeast extract | 6.71±0.37ab | 6.14±0.17abc | 2.88±0.21d | 6.99±0.24b | |
甘氨酸Glycine | 6.48±0.09b | 5.89±0.11bcd | 3.00±0.15cd | 5.77±0.26d | |
苯丙氨酸Phenylalanine | 5.86±0.16c | 5.63±0.16d | 3.44±0.21bcd | 4.49±0.17f | |
硝酸钾Potassium nitrate | 6.50±0.27b | 5.83±0.29cd | 3.04±0.67cd | 6.43±0.13c | |
无氮Nitrogen free | 6.83±0.13ab | 6.25±0.14ab | 4.01±0.08ab | 7.14±0.03b |
表3 不同培养条件下4种镰刀菌菌落生长直径
Table 3 The colony growth diameter of four Fusarium species in different culture conditions (cm)
处理 Treatment | 培养条件 Culture condition | 尖孢镰刀菌 F. oxysporum | 芬芳镰刀菌 F. redolens | 燕麦镰刀菌 F. avenaceum | 木贼镰刀菌 F. equiseti |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
温度 Temperature (℃) | 5 | 0.86±0.01e | 0.97±0.05e | 1.47±0.13c | 1.05±0.10f |
10 | 1.68±0.12d | 1.75±0.11d | 2.73±0.17b | 1.85±0.19e | |
15 | 2.76±0.14c | 2.15±0.22d | 4.26±0.31a | 2.49±0.18d | |
20 | 4.78±0.09b | 4.12±0.66b | 4.07±0.07a | 3.49±0.20c | |
25 | 6.82±0.75a | 6.24±0.19a | 3.97±0.94a | 6.17±0.33a | |
30 | 5.09±0.33b | 3.25±0.27c | 2.48±0.19b | 4.31±0.26b | |
35 | 0.98±0.06e | 1.62±0.05d | 1.01±0.01c | 1.00±0.08f | |
pH | 3 | 3.16±0.04e | 2.60±0.03f | 2.14±0.04e | 3.29±0.30e |
4 | 4.56±0.22d | 3.40±0.31e | 2.57±0.13d | 5.00±0.02d | |
5 | 5.58±0.20c | 4.23±0.55d | 3.08±0.03bc | 4.91±0.39d | |
6 | 6.05±0.58b | 5.35±0.30c | 3.36±0.11ab | 5.65±0.24c | |
7 | 6.24±0.17b | 6.05±0.12b | 3.68±0.35a | 6.21±0.11b | |
8 | 6.36±0.26b | 6.34±0.25ab | 3.51±0.13a | 6.74±0.53b | |
9 | 7.40±0.04a | 6.63±0.07a | 3.45±0.29a | 8.04±0.13a | |
10 | 7.26±0.05a | 6.51±0.03ab | 3.01±0.19c | 8.02±0.04a | |
11 | 7.27±0.14a | 6.34±0.10ab | 2.77±0.14cd | 7.94±0.51a | |
光照 Light | 全光照Full light | 6.21±0.10a | 5.81±0.19a | 3.66±0.49a | 4.70±0.79a |
全黑暗Full darkness | 6.48±0.21a | 5.32±0.20a | 3.42±0.37a | 4.10±0.76a | |
12 h光暗交替12 h dark/light | 6.05±0.64a | 5.71±0.36a | 3.32±0.28a | 5.20±0.26a | |
培养基 Media | 马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂Potato dextrose agar | 7.19±0.29a | 5.18±0.24bc | 5.68±0.22a | 4.51±0.89c |
马铃薯蔗糖琼脂Potato sucrose agar | 6.49±0.50bc | 5.07±0.26c | 4.94±0.19ab | 5.10±0.14bc | |
马铃薯胡萝卜琼脂Potato carrot agar | 6.42±0.28bc | 3.00±0.60e | 4.30±0.92b | 3.54±0.12d | |
水琼脂Water agar | 4.90±0.21d | 3.42±0.16e | 2.73±0.52c | 3.52±0.34d | |
玉米粉琼脂Corn meal agar | 5.26±0.18d | 4.47±0.05d | 4.25±0.21b | 5.51±0.23b | |
燕麦片琼脂Oatmeal agar | 6.54±0.23bc | 5.76±0.39b | 4.96±0.26ab | 7.19±0.12a | |
胡萝卜水琼脂Carrot agar | 6.20±0.31c | 5.43±0.40bc | 4.87±0.66ab | 3.56±0.21d | |
查氏培养基Czapek Dox agar | 6.80±0.70ab | 6.50±0.32a | 3.99±1.02b | 7.37±0.21a | |
碳源 Carbon source | 葡萄糖Glucose | 6.60±0.13bc | 6.17±0.31ab | 2.71±0.21bcd | 6.12±0.29b |
麦芽糖Maltose | 6.73±0.09bc | 6.33±0.35a | 3.41±0.62bc | 4.69±0.85de | |
乳糖Lactose | 7.01±0.18ab | 5.77±0.30abc | 2.35±0.31d | 4.00±0.54e | |
菊糖Inulin | 7.39±0.34a | 5.41±0.65bc | 4.55±1.25a | 5.05±0.96cd | |
D-果糖D-fructose | 6.42±0.13cd | 5.95±0.21abc | 2.65±0.21cd | 3.79±0.27e | |
甘露醇Mannitol | 6.60±0.16bc | 6.22±0.75a | 2.54±0.13cd | 7.25±0.25a | |
山梨醇Sorbitol | 6.67±0.28bc | 6.46±0.87a | 3.21±0.22bcd | 6.21±0.20b | |
可溶性淀粉Amylogen | 5.92±0.49e | 5.34±0.12c | 3.21±0.17bcd | 5.29±0.04bcd | |
无碳Carbonless | 6.14±0.04de | 5.97±0.42abc | 3.66±0.12b | 5.70±0.29bc | |
氮源 Nitrogen source | 硫酸铵Ammonia sulfate | 5.94±0.18c | 5.81±0.38cd | 1.75±0.35e | 5.40±0.15e |
氯化铵Ammonium chloride | 5.85±0.11c | 5.79±0.35cd | 1.78±0.20e | 5.52±0.13de | |
蛋白胨Peptone | 6.87±0.10ab | 6.10±0.04abc | 4.65±0.68a | 7.66±0.12a | |
牛肉膏Beef extract | 6.95±0.12a | 6.37±0.02a | 3.67±0.69bc | 7.52±0.36a | |
酵母浸粉Yeast extract | 6.71±0.37ab | 6.14±0.17abc | 2.88±0.21d | 6.99±0.24b | |
甘氨酸Glycine | 6.48±0.09b | 5.89±0.11bcd | 3.00±0.15cd | 5.77±0.26d | |
苯丙氨酸Phenylalanine | 5.86±0.16c | 5.63±0.16d | 3.44±0.21bcd | 4.49±0.17f | |
硝酸钾Potassium nitrate | 6.50±0.27b | 5.83±0.29cd | 3.04±0.67cd | 6.43±0.13c | |
无氮Nitrogen free | 6.83±0.13ab | 6.25±0.14ab | 4.01±0.08ab | 7.14±0.03b |
处理 Treatment | 培养条件 Culture condition | 尖孢镰刀菌 F. oxysporum | 芬芳镰刀菌 F. redolens | 燕麦镰刀菌 F. avenaceum | 木贼镰刀菌 F. equiseti |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
温度 Temperature (℃) | 5 | 0.83±0.88d | 0.03±0.06d | 0.05±0.05b | 0.17±0.29bc |
10 | 0.88±0.10d | 6.50±1.09c | 0.00±0.00b | 0.00±0.00c | |
15 | 3.28±0.62d | 9.93±3.78c | 0.00±0.00b | 0.00±0.00c | |
20 | 11.40±2.72c | 18.03±7.63b | 0.10±0.00b | 0.17±0.08bc | |
25 | 39.77±4.42a | 9.30±1.69c | 2.33±1.27b | 0.95±0.05b | |
30 | 30.20±5.98b | 25.33±3.15a | 10.48±5.13a | 0.13±0.23bc | |
35 | 4.10±0.13d | 3.97±0.50cd | 0.05±0.09b | 2.63±1.16a | |
pH | 3 | 27.35±5.80bc | 31.93±5.13ab | 0.18±0.10a | 0.00±0.00b |
4 | 15.87±4.10cde | 31.44±1.14ab | 0.10±0.09ab | 0.25±0.15b | |
5 | 21.70±1.50cd | 26.10±3.83bc | 0.00±0.00b | 0.32±0.06b | |
6 | 50.63±6.67a | 23.18±9.46cd | 0.07±0.03b | 1.20±0.48b | |
7 | 33.18±3.23b | 37.38±2.05a | 0.05±0.05b | 0.32±0.13b | |
8 | 21.37±9.53cd | 24.05±1.99cd | 0.02±0.03b | 8.52±3.61a | |
9 | 36.10±12.12b | 18.20±2.99d | 0.08±0.06b | 0.57±0.29b | |
10 | 12.36±2.87ef | 3.83±0.57e | 0.00±0.00b | 0.83±0.98b | |
11 | 7.13±0.96f | 1.19±0.84e | 0.00±0.00b | 0.23±0.08b | |
光照 Light | 全光照Full light | 21.98±3.10c | 7.55±0.94b | 1.73±0.87a | 1.10±0.92a |
全黑暗Full darkness | 44.88±3.70b | 7.07±1.34b | 1.80±0.77a | 0.58±0.06a | |
12 h光暗交替12 h dark/light | 54.08±1.68a | 26.60±7.13a | 0.68±0.58a | 1.90±0.65a | |
培养基 Media | 马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂Potato dextrose agar | 39.37±2.18a | 20.42±3.12a | 1.24±0.39cd | 0.22±0.08bc |
马铃薯蔗糖琼脂Potato sucrose agar | 43.01±6.91a | 22.90±4.91a | 1.77±1.25bc | 0.08±0.03c | |
马铃薯胡萝卜琼脂Potato carrot agar | 3.80±0.77c | 0.43±0.16b | 0.15±0.13cd | 0.27±0.12bc | |
水琼脂Water agar | 0.50±0.25c | 0.43±0.30b | 0.00±0.00d | 0.18±0.08bc | |
玉米粉琼脂Corn meal agar | 41.83±2.96a | 18.93±3.45a | 1.35±0.33bcd | 3.08±0.73a | |
燕麦片琼脂Oatmeal agar | 16.32±0.48b | 4.07±0.38b | 4.87±1.11a | 0.63±0.25b | |
胡萝卜水琼脂Carrot agar | 1.62±0.90c | 1.10±0.79b | 0.03±0.06d | 0.00±0.00c | |
查氏培养基Czapek Dox agar | 12.77±2.57b | 1.17±0.59b | 2.92±1.76b | 0.00±0.00c | |
碳源 Carbon source | 葡萄糖Glucose | 17.08±5.06a | 3.73±1.28a | 10.27±7.01b | 0.08±0.03b |
麦芽糖Maltose | 11.12±1.49bcd | 4.16±0.88a | 0.85±0.87d | 0.22±0.10b | |
乳糖Lactose | 14.48±3.21ab | 0.30±0.04e | 1.72±0.56cd | 0.13±0.06b | |
菊糖Inulin | 6.90±1.22d | 2.43±0.88bc | 6.82±2.19bc | 0.07±0.06b | |
D-果糖D-fructose | 12.67±2.67abc | 1.58±0.26cd | 2.22±1.92cd | 0.05±0.00b | |
甘露醇Mannitol | 10.95±0.71bcd | 1.10±0.66de | 0.05±0.09d | 0.08±0.08b | |
山梨醇Sorbitol | 8.73±0.97cd | 1.65±0.48cd | 19.23±3.81a | 0.05±0.05b | |
可溶性淀粉Amylogen | 15.47±5.39ab | 3.28±0.35ab | 0.00±0.00d | 0.45±0.26a | |
无碳Carbonless | 7.47±0.76cd | 0.15±0.05e | 0.37±0.25d | 0.13±0.08b | |
氮源 Nitrogen source | 硫酸铵Ammonia sulfate | 5.40±2.13def | 5.20±0.28b | 0.05±0.05c | 0.00±0.00b |
氯化铵Ammonium chloride | 3.65±0.30ef | 1.68±0.84b | 0.05±0.09c | 0.00±0.00b | |
蛋白胨Peptone | 0.50±0.46f | 3.35±2.14b | 4.41±0.98b | 0.15±0.26b | |
牛肉膏Beef extract | 13.67±2.12c | 4.43±1.58b | 5.55±0.61b | 0.22±0.38b | |
酵母浸粉Yeast extract | 10.25±2.34cd | 17.35±7.39a | 0.00±0.00c | 0.82±0.64a | |
甘氨酸Glycine | 5.82±0.60de | 0.82±0.66b | 0.27±0.03c | 0.25±0.05b | |
苯丙氨酸Phenylalanine | 3.47±1.01ef | 15.23±5.65a | 0.00±0.00c | 0.10±0.13b | |
硝酸钾Potassium nitrate | 32.93±6.46a | 0.83±0.23b | 29.38±6.28a | 0.34±0.53ab | |
无氮Nitrogen free | 1.08±0.29ef | 0.55±0.22b | 0.12±0.20c | 0.17±0.12b |
表4 不同培养条件下4种镰刀菌产孢量
Table 4 The sporulation of four Fusarium species in different culture conditions (×106 spore·mL-1)
处理 Treatment | 培养条件 Culture condition | 尖孢镰刀菌 F. oxysporum | 芬芳镰刀菌 F. redolens | 燕麦镰刀菌 F. avenaceum | 木贼镰刀菌 F. equiseti |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
温度 Temperature (℃) | 5 | 0.83±0.88d | 0.03±0.06d | 0.05±0.05b | 0.17±0.29bc |
10 | 0.88±0.10d | 6.50±1.09c | 0.00±0.00b | 0.00±0.00c | |
15 | 3.28±0.62d | 9.93±3.78c | 0.00±0.00b | 0.00±0.00c | |
20 | 11.40±2.72c | 18.03±7.63b | 0.10±0.00b | 0.17±0.08bc | |
25 | 39.77±4.42a | 9.30±1.69c | 2.33±1.27b | 0.95±0.05b | |
30 | 30.20±5.98b | 25.33±3.15a | 10.48±5.13a | 0.13±0.23bc | |
35 | 4.10±0.13d | 3.97±0.50cd | 0.05±0.09b | 2.63±1.16a | |
pH | 3 | 27.35±5.80bc | 31.93±5.13ab | 0.18±0.10a | 0.00±0.00b |
4 | 15.87±4.10cde | 31.44±1.14ab | 0.10±0.09ab | 0.25±0.15b | |
5 | 21.70±1.50cd | 26.10±3.83bc | 0.00±0.00b | 0.32±0.06b | |
6 | 50.63±6.67a | 23.18±9.46cd | 0.07±0.03b | 1.20±0.48b | |
7 | 33.18±3.23b | 37.38±2.05a | 0.05±0.05b | 0.32±0.13b | |
8 | 21.37±9.53cd | 24.05±1.99cd | 0.02±0.03b | 8.52±3.61a | |
9 | 36.10±12.12b | 18.20±2.99d | 0.08±0.06b | 0.57±0.29b | |
10 | 12.36±2.87ef | 3.83±0.57e | 0.00±0.00b | 0.83±0.98b | |
11 | 7.13±0.96f | 1.19±0.84e | 0.00±0.00b | 0.23±0.08b | |
光照 Light | 全光照Full light | 21.98±3.10c | 7.55±0.94b | 1.73±0.87a | 1.10±0.92a |
全黑暗Full darkness | 44.88±3.70b | 7.07±1.34b | 1.80±0.77a | 0.58±0.06a | |
12 h光暗交替12 h dark/light | 54.08±1.68a | 26.60±7.13a | 0.68±0.58a | 1.90±0.65a | |
培养基 Media | 马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂Potato dextrose agar | 39.37±2.18a | 20.42±3.12a | 1.24±0.39cd | 0.22±0.08bc |
马铃薯蔗糖琼脂Potato sucrose agar | 43.01±6.91a | 22.90±4.91a | 1.77±1.25bc | 0.08±0.03c | |
马铃薯胡萝卜琼脂Potato carrot agar | 3.80±0.77c | 0.43±0.16b | 0.15±0.13cd | 0.27±0.12bc | |
水琼脂Water agar | 0.50±0.25c | 0.43±0.30b | 0.00±0.00d | 0.18±0.08bc | |
玉米粉琼脂Corn meal agar | 41.83±2.96a | 18.93±3.45a | 1.35±0.33bcd | 3.08±0.73a | |
燕麦片琼脂Oatmeal agar | 16.32±0.48b | 4.07±0.38b | 4.87±1.11a | 0.63±0.25b | |
胡萝卜水琼脂Carrot agar | 1.62±0.90c | 1.10±0.79b | 0.03±0.06d | 0.00±0.00c | |
查氏培养基Czapek Dox agar | 12.77±2.57b | 1.17±0.59b | 2.92±1.76b | 0.00±0.00c | |
碳源 Carbon source | 葡萄糖Glucose | 17.08±5.06a | 3.73±1.28a | 10.27±7.01b | 0.08±0.03b |
麦芽糖Maltose | 11.12±1.49bcd | 4.16±0.88a | 0.85±0.87d | 0.22±0.10b | |
乳糖Lactose | 14.48±3.21ab | 0.30±0.04e | 1.72±0.56cd | 0.13±0.06b | |
菊糖Inulin | 6.90±1.22d | 2.43±0.88bc | 6.82±2.19bc | 0.07±0.06b | |
D-果糖D-fructose | 12.67±2.67abc | 1.58±0.26cd | 2.22±1.92cd | 0.05±0.00b | |
甘露醇Mannitol | 10.95±0.71bcd | 1.10±0.66de | 0.05±0.09d | 0.08±0.08b | |
山梨醇Sorbitol | 8.73±0.97cd | 1.65±0.48cd | 19.23±3.81a | 0.05±0.05b | |
可溶性淀粉Amylogen | 15.47±5.39ab | 3.28±0.35ab | 0.00±0.00d | 0.45±0.26a | |
无碳Carbonless | 7.47±0.76cd | 0.15±0.05e | 0.37±0.25d | 0.13±0.08b | |
氮源 Nitrogen source | 硫酸铵Ammonia sulfate | 5.40±2.13def | 5.20±0.28b | 0.05±0.05c | 0.00±0.00b |
氯化铵Ammonium chloride | 3.65±0.30ef | 1.68±0.84b | 0.05±0.09c | 0.00±0.00b | |
蛋白胨Peptone | 0.50±0.46f | 3.35±2.14b | 4.41±0.98b | 0.15±0.26b | |
牛肉膏Beef extract | 13.67±2.12c | 4.43±1.58b | 5.55±0.61b | 0.22±0.38b | |
酵母浸粉Yeast extract | 10.25±2.34cd | 17.35±7.39a | 0.00±0.00c | 0.82±0.64a | |
甘氨酸Glycine | 5.82±0.60de | 0.82±0.66b | 0.27±0.03c | 0.25±0.05b | |
苯丙氨酸Phenylalanine | 3.47±1.01ef | 15.23±5.65a | 0.00±0.00c | 0.10±0.13b | |
硝酸钾Potassium nitrate | 32.93±6.46a | 0.83±0.23b | 29.38±6.28a | 0.34±0.53ab | |
无氮Nitrogen free | 1.08±0.29ef | 0.55±0.22b | 0.12±0.20c | 0.17±0.12b |
菌株 Strain | 温度Temperature | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
45 ℃ | 50 ℃ | 51 ℃ | 52 ℃ | 53 ℃ | 54 ℃ | 55 ℃ | 60 ℃ | 61 ℃ | 62 ℃ | 63 ℃ | 64 ℃ | |
尖孢镰刀菌F. oxysporum | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | - |
芬芳镰刀菌F. redolens | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | - |
燕麦镰刀菌F. avenaceum | + | + | + | + | + | + | - | - | - | - | - | - |
木贼镰刀菌F. equiseti | + | + | + | + | + | + | - | - | - | - | - | - |
表5 4种镰刀菌菌丝致死温度
Table 5 The lethal temperature of 4 kinds of Fusarium mycelium
菌株 Strain | 温度Temperature | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
45 ℃ | 50 ℃ | 51 ℃ | 52 ℃ | 53 ℃ | 54 ℃ | 55 ℃ | 60 ℃ | 61 ℃ | 62 ℃ | 63 ℃ | 64 ℃ | |
尖孢镰刀菌F. oxysporum | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | - |
芬芳镰刀菌F. redolens | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | - |
燕麦镰刀菌F. avenaceum | + | + | + | + | + | + | - | - | - | - | - | - |
木贼镰刀菌F. equiseti | + | + | + | + | + | + | - | - | - | - | - | - |
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