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草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (7): 175-187.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025281

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

施氮量与播种量对‘巴青’垂穗披碱草种子产量及质量的影响

苏志刚1(), 韩有健1, 张建杭2, 武俊喜3, 徐雅梅1, 包赛很那null1, 苗彦军1, 曹仲华4()   

  1. 1.西藏农牧大学林草学院,西藏 林芝 860000
    2.西藏农牧大学植物科学学院,西藏 林芝 860000
    3.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京 100101
    4.西藏农牧大学动物科学学院,西藏 林芝 860000
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-08 修回日期:2025-10-09 出版日期:2026-07-20 发布日期:2026-05-21
  • 通讯作者: 曹仲华
  • 作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: caohua73@yahoo.com.cn
    苏志刚(2001-),男,安徽亳州人,在读硕士。E-mail: 2809609722@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(32260342);西藏自治区科技厅重点研发及转化项目(CGZH2024000084);西藏农牧学院林学博士点(一期)(533325001);林芝市科技局重点研发项目(XDHZ-2025-01)

Effects of nitrogen application and sowing rates on the seed yield and quality of Elymus nutans ‘Baqing’

Zhi-gang SU1(), You-jian HAN1, Jian-hang ZHANG2, Jun-xi WU3, Ya-mei XU1, Baosaihenna1, Yan-jun MIAO1, Zhong-hua CAO4()   

  1. 1.College of Forestry and Grass,Xizang Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University,Linzhi 860000,China
    2.College of Plant Science,Xizang Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University,Linzhi 860000,China
    3.Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China
    4.College of Animal Science,Xizang Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University,Linzhi 860000,China
  • Received:2025-07-08 Revised:2025-10-09 Online:2026-07-20 Published:2026-05-21
  • Contact: Zhong-hua CAO

摘要:

为探究西藏高寒地区施氮量与播种量对‘巴青’垂穗披碱草种子产量及质量的影响,采用双因素裂区试验设计,主区为氮肥添加量,副区为播种量,氮肥添加量分别为N1 0 kg·hm-2,N2 60 kg·hm-2,N3 120 kg·hm-2,N4 180 kg·hm-2,N5 240 kg·hm-2和N6 300 kg·hm-2,播种量分别为D1 15.0 kg·hm-2,D2 22.5 kg·hm-2和D3 45.0 kg·hm-2,利用灰色关联度对‘巴青’垂穗披碱草的种子产量及质量进行综合评价,明确影响种子产量的关键因素,筛选‘巴青’垂穗披碱草种子生产最优种植配置组合。结果表明,施氮量和播种量对‘巴青’垂穗披碱草种子产量及质量影响显著。与‘巴青’垂穗披碱草产量密切相关的主要因素有生殖枝数、小穗数/生殖枝和千粒重等,对产量贡献因素最大的是千粒重。当播种量为15.0 kg·hm-2时,只需要180 kg·hm-2的施氮量即可达到最大种子产量,为1182.55 kg·hm-2;当播种量为22.5 kg·hm-2时,需要240 kg·hm-2的施氮量可达到最大种子产量,为1283.29 kg·hm-2;当播种量为45.0 kg·hm-2时,需要300 kg·hm-2的施氮量可达到最大种子产量,为1023.34 kg·hm-2。因此,本研究认为当播种量恒定时,‘巴青’垂穗披碱草对氮素的需求存在理论最大值。经灰色关联度分析得出,240 kg·hm-2的施氮量与22.5 kg·hm-2的播种量是‘巴青’垂穗披碱草最优种植配置,可以获得最佳的种子产量及质量,可在西藏高寒地区推广使用。

关键词: ‘巴青’垂穗披碱草, 施氮量, 播种量, 种子产量, 种子质量, 综合评价

Abstract:

In this study, we explored the effects of the nitrogen application rate and sowing rate on the seed yield and quality of Elymus nutans ‘Baqing’ in the alpine region of Xizang. An experiment was conducted with a two-factor split-plot design; the main area was nitrogen fertilizer addition and the sub-area was sowing rate. The nitrogen fertilization rates were N1 0 kg·ha-1, N2 60 kg·ha-1, N3 120 kg·ha-1, N4 180 kg·ha-1, N5 240 kg·ha-1, and N6 300 kg·ha-1; and the sowing rates were D1 15.0 kg·ha-1, D2 22.5 kg·ha-1, and D3 45.0 kg·ha-1. The seed yield and quality of E. nutans ‘Baqing’ were comprehensively evaluated based on grey correlation degree and the key factors affecting seed yield were identified, with an overall aim to determine the optimal planting configuration for E. nutans ‘Baqing’ for seed production. The results show that the nitrogen application rate and sowing rate had significant effects on the seed yield and quality of E. nutans ‘Baqing’. The main factors closely related to the yield of E. nutans ‘Baqing’ were the number of reproductive branches, number of spikelets/reproductive branches, and 1000-seed weight, and the most important factor contributing to yield was 1000-seed weight. At the sowing rate of 15.0 kg·ha-1, nitrogen application at 180 kg·ha-1 was required to achieve the maximum seed yield (1182.55 kg·ha-1). At the sowing rate of 22.5 kg·ha-1, nitrogen application at 240 kg·ha-1 was required to achieve the maximum seed yield (1283.29 kg·ha-1). At the sowing rate of 45.0 kg·ha-1, nitrogen application at 300 kg·ha-1 was required to achieve the maximum seed yield (1023.34 kg·ha-1). These results show that at a constant sowing rate, there is a theoretical maximum value for the nitrogen demand of E. nutans ‘Baqing’. The grey correlation analysis revealed that the nitrogen application rate of 240 kg·ha-1 and the sowing rate of 22.5 kg·ha-1 represented the optimal planting configuration for E. nutans ‘Baqing’. This combination of nitrogen application rate and sowing rate resulted in the best seed yield and quality, and therefore, should be used widely when cultivating E. nutans ‘Baqing’ in the alpine region of Xizang.

Key words: Elymus nutans ‘Baqing’, nitrogen application rate, sowing rate, seed yield, seed quality, comprehensive evaluation