Analysis of plasma and milk fatty acid and metabolite composition in lactating dairy cows with differing tolerance to subacute ruminal acidosis

doi:10.11686/cyxb2020482

Abstract

Abstract:

The present study aimed to explore the differences in plasma and milk metabolism of dairy cows with different subacute rumen acidosis （SARA） tolerance. Twelve fistulated Holstein dairy cows in mid lactation ［days in milk=（114±22） d］ were selected and fed the same diet consisting of 60% forage and 40% concentrate mixture. On days 20 and 21 of the trial period， the rumen pH was monitored at 0， 2， 4， 6， 8， and 12 h after morning feeding. Milk samples were collected before feeding in the morning and evening. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein 6 h after morning feeding. All the milk and blood samples were stored in liquid nitrogen for subsequent fatty acid composition and metabolome analysis. Cows with the lowest and highest ruminal pH were assigned into the susceptible （SUS， n=4） and tolerant （TOL， n=4） groups， respectively. The fatty acid composition results showed that the proportions of ≤C16 fatty acids in the blood and milk were significantly increased in the SUS group （P<0.05）， while the proportions of >C16 fatty acids were significantly decreased （P<0.05）. The levels of the saturated fatty acids （SFA） and monounsaturated fatty acids （MUFA） in the milk were significantly decreased in the SUS group （P<0.05）. The LC-MS metabolomics results revealed that the L-phenylpyruvate was significantly reduced， while the levels of remaining MG （18：0/0：0/0：0）， 9-HODE， niacinamide， isovalerylcarnitine， phosphocreatine， L-glutamic acid， and 12（13） Ep-9-KODE were substantially increased in the SUS group. The results of milk metabolome analysis indicated that the levels of 1-stearoylphosphoglycerolserine and sphingosine were significantly increased， while the levels of 14 different metabolites were significantly decreased in the SUS group （P<0.05）， including glyceryl-phosphoryl-ethanolamine， glycerol 3-phosphate， and orotic acid. These differential metabolites were mainly involved in glycerophospholipid metabolism （P<0.05）， glycerolipid metabolism， and pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis. In conclusion， the fatty acids and metabolic profiles in the plasma and milk of cows with different tolerance to SARA were different. For the SUS group， the amino acid metabolism and the de novo synthesis ability of milk fat was enhanced in the plasma， while the ability to absorb long chain fatty acids from blood was weakened. At the same time， the levels of phospholipid， orotic acid and other nutrients were decreased in the milk， which indicated that the quality of milk was reduced for the SUS cows.

Key words: subacute ruminal acidosis, tolerance, cows, fatty acid, metabolome

Tao ZHANG, Ying-yu MU, Wang-pan QI, Chang-zheng GUO, Ji-you ZHANG, Sheng-yong MAO. Analysis of plasma and milk fatty acid and metabolite composition in lactating dairy cows with differing tolerance to subacute ruminal acidosis[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(7): 101-110.

Figures/Tables 7

References 40

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营养成分Nutrient compsition	含量Content (%)	营养水平Nutrient levels	含量Content
苜蓿草Alfalfa	24.00	粗蛋白质Crude protein (CP, %)	16.16
燕麦Oat	24.00	中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber (NDF, %)	36.14
玉米青贮Corn silage	12.00	非纤维性碳水化合物Non-fibrous carbohydrate^2） (NFC, %)	38.68
玉米Corn	19.40	粗灰分Ash (%)	5.97
豆粕Soybean meal	13.50	钙Ca (%)	1.14
玉米酒精糟DDGS	3.80	磷P (%)	0.52
石粉Limestone	0.80	粗脂肪Ether extract (EE, %)	3.05
磷酸氢钙CaHPO₄	1.10	淀粉Starch (%)	17.96
食盐NaCl	0.40	泌乳净能Net energy^3） (MJ·kg^-1)	1.57
预混料Premix^1）	1.00	NFC/NDF	1.07
总量Total	100.00

营养成分Nutrient compsition	含量Content (%)	营养水平Nutrient levels	含量Content
苜蓿草Alfalfa	24.00	粗蛋白质Crude protein (CP, %)	16.16
燕麦Oat	24.00	中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber (NDF, %)	36.14
玉米青贮Corn silage	12.00	非纤维性碳水化合物Non-fibrous carbohydrate^2） (NFC, %)	38.68
玉米Corn	19.40	粗灰分Ash (%)	5.97
豆粕Soybean meal	13.50	钙Ca (%)	1.14
玉米酒精糟DDGS	3.80	磷P (%)	0.52
石粉Limestone	0.80	粗脂肪Ether extract (EE, %)	3.05
磷酸氢钙CaHPO₄	1.10	淀粉Starch (%)	17.96
食盐NaCl	0.40	泌乳净能Net energy^3） (MJ·kg^-1)	1.57
预混料Premix^1）	1.00	NFC/NDF	1.07
总量Total	100.00

时间 Time (min)	流速 Flow rate (mL·min^-1)	A (%)	B (%)
0.0	0.3	95	5
1.0	0.3	95	5
2.0	0.3	60	40
7.0	0.3	20	80
11.0	0.3	5	95
15.5	0.3	95	5
19.5	0.3	95	5

时间 Time (min)	流速 Flow rate (mL·min^-1)	A (%)	B (%)
0.0	0.3	95	5
1.0	0.3	95	5
2.0	0.3	60	40
7.0	0.3	20	80
11.0	0.3	5	95
15.5	0.3	95	5
19.5	0.3	95	5

脂肪酸 Fatty acid (FA)	组别 Groups		标准误差 SEM	P值 P-value	脂肪酸 Fatty acid (FA)	组别 Groups		标准误差 SEM	P值 P-value
脂肪酸 Fatty acid (FA)	SUS	TOL	标准误差 SEM	P值 P-value	脂肪酸 Fatty acid (FA)	SUS	TOL	标准误差 SEM	P值 P-value
C4:0	3.67	3.62	0.32	0.891	C20:0	20.84	24.96	0.90	0.008
C6:0	3.19	4.23	0.47	0.032	C18:3n6	0.29	0.38	0.09	0.252
C8:0	1.17	1.43	0.13	0.149	C20:1	0.33	1.13	0.06	<0.001
C10:0	0.39	0.29	0.09	0.241	C18:3n3	0.35	0.09	0.02	<0.001
C11:0	0.43	0.31	0.13	0.299	C21:0	0.99	1.56	0.06	<0.001
C13:0	0.70	0.97	0.12	0.112	C20:2	0.14	0.18	0.05	0.282
C14:0	2.57	1.94	0.36	0.718	C22:0	0.24	0.21	0.08	0.522
C15:0	0.22	0.36	0.06	0.220	C22:1n9	0.40	0.28	0.05	0.114
C15:1	0.52	0.60	0.11	0.104	C20:3n3	0.33	0.22	0.04	0.138
C16:0	32.04	29.27	0.65	0.002	C20:4n6	0.60	0.74	0.06	0.015
C16:1	0.35	0.41	0.10	0.646	C24:1	2.53	1.45	0.26	0.004
C17:0	0.31	0.31	0.08	0.498	C22:6n	0.03	1.10	0.31	0.057
C17:1	0.88	0.04	0.05	<0.001	SFA	88.00	88.77	0.75	0.371
C18:0	21.31	19.32	0.58	0.046	MUFA	7.84	6.52	0.78	0.188
C18:1n9t	0.45	0.35	0.10	0.915	PUFA	3.67	3.94	0.26	0.330
C18:1n9c	2.79	2.67	0.72	0.820	≤C16:0	45.04	43.42	0.55	0.025
C18:2n6t	1.79	1.06	0.16	0.008	>C16:0	54.83	56.22	0.49	0.048
C18:2n6c	0.12	0.16	0.04	0.458