Responses of soil water conservation function and soil physicochemical properties to a range of degradation conditions in alpine meadows of the Three River Headwater Region

doi:10.11686/cyxb2022291

Abstract

Abstract:

The soil water-holding capacity and physicochemical properties are important indicators of the water conservation function of soil， and it is important to understand how these factors change under various condition for the ecological protection and restoration of alpine meadows. In this study， we analyzed the effects of different degradation levels on the soil water-holding capacity and physicochemical properties of soil in alpine meadows， as well as correlations between these factors， in both field and laboratory-based experiments. The filed experiments were conducted in Maqin County， Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture， in the Three River Headwater Region. The main findings were as follows： 1） The saturation water-holding capacity， capillary water-holding capacity， and field water-holding capacity of the 0-10 cm soil horizon of alpine meadows decreased with increasing severity of degradation. The degradation level had the most significant effect on the water-holding capacity in the 0-5 cm soil surface horizon. Compared with soil at the native vegetation site， soil at the heavily degraded site showed significantly decreased （P<0.05） saturation water-holding capacity， capillary water-holding capacity， and field water-holding capacity in 0-5 cm soil horizon decreased by 51.99%， 56.28%， and 59.93%， respectively. 2） With increasing severity of degradation， the total nitrogen， total phosphorus， and total carbon contents in the 0-5 cm soil horizon gradually decreased， but there was no significant change in total potassium content. Compared with soil at the native vegetation site， the soil at the heavily degraded site showed significantly decreased （P<0.05） contents of total C， total N， and total P in the 0-5 cm soil horizon decreased by 41.95%， 65.88%， and 21.82%， respectively. As the severity of degradation increased， the soil organic carbon content and total porosity showed a decreasing trend， and soil pH and bulk density showed a significant increasing trend. 3） A redundancy analysis showed that saturated water-holding capacity， capillary water-holding capacity， and field water-holding capacity were significantly correlated with total soil N and capillary porosity （P<0.05）， and the positive correlation with capillary porosity was highly significant （P<0.01）. The saturated water-holding capacity， capillary water-holding capacity， and field water-holding capacity were significantly negatively correlated with soil bulk density and pH （P<0.05）， Capillary porosity and soil total K were not correlated with the field water-holding capacity， but were the main factors determining saturated hydraulic conductivity. These findings indicate that alpine meadow degradation has the most significant effect on the top soil horizon and strengthening the protection of the top soil horizon is the key to maintaining the water conservation function of the soil.

Key words: alpine meadow, degradation, soil, physicochemical properties, water holding capacity, redundancy analysis

Yu SUN, Yong-sheng YANG, Qi HE, Jun-bang WANG, Xiu-juan ZHANG, Hui-ting LI, Xing-liang XU, Hua-kun ZHOU, Yu-heng ZHANG. Responses of soil water conservation function and soil physicochemical properties to a range of degradation conditions in alpine meadows of the Three River Headwater Region[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2023, 32(6): 16-29.

Figures/Tables 10

References 47

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退化程度 Degradation degree	总盖度 Total coverage of vegetation （%）	平均高度 Average height of vegetation （cm）	物种数 Species of vegetation（NO.）	优势物种 Dominant species
原生植被Native vegetation	97.40±0.51	11.96±0.87	42	紫花针茅 Stipa purpurea，早熟禾 Poa annua
轻度退化Light degradation	76.20±0.97	3.20±0.44	35	紫花针茅 S. purpurea，早熟禾 P. annua
中度退化Moderate degradation	63.60±1.21	3.40±0.48	33	珠芽蓼 Polygonum viviparum，紫花针茅 S. purpurea
重度退化Severe degradation	1.00±3.25	2.60±0.60	22	西伯利亚蓼 Polygonum sibiricum，细叶亚菊 Ajania tenuifolia

退化程度 Degradation degree	总盖度 Total coverage of vegetation （%）	平均高度 Average height of vegetation （cm）	物种数 Species of vegetation（NO.）	优势物种 Dominant species
原生植被Native vegetation	97.40±0.51	11.96±0.87	42	紫花针茅 Stipa purpurea，早熟禾 Poa annua
轻度退化Light degradation	76.20±0.97	3.20±0.44	35	紫花针茅 S. purpurea，早熟禾 P. annua
中度退化Moderate degradation	63.60±1.21	3.40±0.48	33	珠芽蓼 Polygonum viviparum，紫花针茅 S. purpurea
重度退化Severe degradation	1.00±3.25	2.60±0.60	22	西伯利亚蓼 Polygonum sibiricum，细叶亚菊 Ajania tenuifolia

土壤深度 Soil depth （cm）	退化程度 Degradation degree	饱和持水量 Saturated water capacity （%）	毛管持水量 Capillary water holding capacity （%）	田间持水量 Field capacity （%）
0~5	原生植被Native vegetation	84.52±6.09a	78.31±5.16a	67.80±3.42a
	轻度退化Light degradation	68.60±7.34ab	61.36±5.48b	58.51±5.25a
	中度退化Moderate degradation	57.27±5.26b	48.19±3.36c	41.08±2.02b
	重度退化Severe degradation	40.58±2.09c	34.24±1.16d	27.17±0.66c
5~10	原生植被Native vegetation	46.87±2.05a	44.07±1.74a	37.12±1.39a
	轻度退化Light degradation	42.78±2.55a	39.37±2.16ab	35.10±2.51a
	中度退化Moderate degradation	41.29±6.07a	37.68±5.42ab	32.90±4.93ab
	重度退化Severe degradation	37.20±0.50a	33.09±0.88b	25.13±0.72b
10~20	原生植被Native vegetation	44.50±2.19a	41.98±2.08a	34.36±1.29a
	轻度退化Light degradation	40.82±4.84a	40.56±3.25a	30.84±0.65ab
	中度退化Moderate degradation	39.74±1.55a	37.11±1.97a	29.68±1.80b
	重度退化Severe degradation	41.93±2.88a	37.09±1.60a	25.07±0.80c
20~30	原生植被Native vegetation	39.17±2.62ab	37.21±2.73ab	32.56±1.96a
	轻度退化Light degradation	42.70±1.46a	38.48±0.86a	31.07±0.93a
	中度退化Moderate degradation	35.66±1.33b	32.42±1.27b	27.10±0.92b
	重度退化Severe degradation	39.62±2.05ab	35.04±1.83ab	24.00±0.91b
30~50	原生植被Native vegetation	34.74±3.14a	31.33±2.72a	27.40±0.63a
	轻度退化Light degradation	37.75±0.80a	30.52±3.58a	27.28±0.46a
	中度退化Moderate degradation	35.40±3.34a	31.63±2.76a	26.50±2.32a
	重度退化Severe degradation	41.75±1.68a	36.76±1.50a	24.82±0.95a

土壤深度 Soil depth （cm）	退化程度 Degradation degree	饱和持水量 Saturated water capacity （%）	毛管持水量 Capillary water holding capacity （%）	田间持水量 Field capacity （%）
0~5	原生植被Native vegetation	84.52±6.09a	78.31±5.16a	67.80±3.42a
	轻度退化Light degradation	68.60±7.34ab	61.36±5.48b	58.51±5.25a
	中度退化Moderate degradation	57.27±5.26b	48.19±3.36c	41.08±2.02b
	重度退化Severe degradation	40.58±2.09c	34.24±1.16d	27.17±0.66c
5~10	原生植被Native vegetation	46.87±2.05a	44.07±1.74a	37.12±1.39a
	轻度退化Light degradation	42.78±2.55a	39.37±2.16ab	35.10±2.51a
	中度退化Moderate degradation	41.29±6.07a	37.68±5.42ab	32.90±4.93ab
	重度退化Severe degradation	37.20±0.50a	33.09±0.88b	25.13±0.72b
10~20	原生植被Native vegetation	44.50±2.19a	41.98±2.08a	34.36±1.29a
	轻度退化Light degradation	40.82±4.84a	40.56±3.25a	30.84±0.65ab
	中度退化Moderate degradation	39.74±1.55a	37.11±1.97a	29.68±1.80b
	重度退化Severe degradation	41.93±2.88a	37.09±1.60a	25.07±0.80c
20~30	原生植被Native vegetation	39.17±2.62ab	37.21±2.73ab	32.56±1.96a
	轻度退化Light degradation	42.70±1.46a	38.48±0.86a	31.07±0.93a
	中度退化Moderate degradation	35.66±1.33b	32.42±1.27b	27.10±0.92b
	重度退化Severe degradation	39.62±2.05ab	35.04±1.83ab	24.00±0.91b
30~50	原生植被Native vegetation	34.74±3.14a	31.33±2.72a	27.40±0.63a
	轻度退化Light degradation	37.75±0.80a	30.52±3.58a	27.28±0.46a
	中度退化Moderate degradation	35.40±3.34a	31.63±2.76a	26.50±2.32a
	重度退化Severe degradation	41.75±1.68a	36.76±1.50a	24.82±0.95a

土壤深度 Soil depth （cm）	退化程度 Degradation degree	全碳 Total carbon （g·kg^-1）	全氮 Total nitrogen （g·kg^-1）	全磷 Total phosphorus （g·kg^-1）	全钾 Total potassium （g·kg^-1）
0~5	原生植被Native vegetation	61.22±7.16a	4.25±0.19a	0.55±0.02a	20.20±0.20a
	轻度退化Light degradation	59.53±6.39a	3.00±0.17b	0.49±0.05ab	20.60±0.81a
	中度退化Moderate degradation	39.72±4.12b	2.39±0.26c	0.45±0.02ab	21.60±0.87a
	重度退化Severe degradation	35.54±1.83b	1.45±0.09d	0.43±0.04b	19.60±0.51a
5~10	原生植被Native vegetation	40.85±4.77a	2.42±0.09b	0.44±0.01a	20.80±0.20ab
	轻度退化Light degradation	42.31±0.74a	2.94±0.04a	0.43±0.02a	21.00±0.32ab
	中度退化Moderate degradation	30.63±5.08a	2.09±0.28b	0.38±0.02a	21.60±0.68a
	重度退化Severe degradation	29.33±7.20a	1.47±0.08c	0.40±0.03a	20.20±0.20b
10~20	原生植被Native vegetation	33.53±7.56a	1.89±0.08ab	0.53±0.12a	20.60±0.24a
	轻度退化Light degradation	36.75±1.34a	2.20±0.30a	0.40±0.02a	21.00±0.63a
	中度退化Moderate degradation	34.53±5.54a	1.55±0.13bc	0.40±0.02a	21.40±0.40a
	重度退化Severe degradation	27.56±7.75a	1.28±0.16c	0.42±0.02a	21.00±0.55a
20~30	原生植被Native vegetation	27.78±7.22a	1.52±0.08a	0.44±0.02a	20.75±0.48a
	轻度退化Light degradation	34.05±1.38a	1.51±0.44a	0.38±0.03a	20.80±0.37a
	中度退化Moderate degradation	25.67±1.09a	1.12±0.11a	0.47±0.06a	21.00±0.32a
	重度退化Severe degradation	28.70±1.11a	1.11±0.14a	0.46±0.03a	21.40±1.40a
30~50	原生植被Native vegetation	45.61±26.33a	0.84±0.10a	0.46±0.02a	20.25±0.75a
	轻度退化Light degradation	33.55±2.06b	0.64±0.16a	0.39±0.03a	20.40±0.68a
	中度退化Moderate degradation	33.13±4.38b	0.62±0.11a	0.46±0.05a	21.80±0.92a
	重度退化Severe degradation	19.10±2.55b	0.54±0.05a	0.45±0.03a	22.40±2.68a