Potential excavation and evaluation of functional oat varieties in winter fallow field of southwest mountainous area

doi:10.11686/cyxb2022330

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to screen out oat varieties suitable for adoption and planting in winter fallow fields in southwest mountainous areas， 15 oat （Avena sativa） varieties were trialed in this study and five nutritional qualities of oats： protein， fat， starch， glucan and amino acid content， were analyzed. Grey correlation analysis and cluster analysis were used for multivariate data evaluation. The results were compared with Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization （FAO/WHO） data and other related indicators to explore the potential suitability of the tested varieties for various processed oat products. It was found that the multivariate score for nutritional value of Dingyou No.5 was the best among the 15 oat varieties， making this variety more suitable for large-scale planting. The protein content of Dingyou No. 4 was the highest （170.2 g·kg^-1）， indicating this variety could be used as raw material for high protein oat processed foods such as oat milk and energy bars. Dingyou No.1 had the highest fat content （64.8 g·kg^-1）， and therefore can be used as raw material for high-fat foods such as oatmeal and oat biscuits to meet the dietary needs of people wanting to lose weight. The starch content of Dingyou No.10 was the lowest （388.1 g·kg^-1）， indicating potential use as a raw material of oat processed foods with low glycemic index （GI） such as oat rice and oatmeal to meet the needs of consumers of low GI food. Xiangyan No.13 β-glucan content was the highest （4.33%）， indicating potential for use in health food products designed for the elderly. Comparing the essential amino acid content of oat protein with FAO/WHO data for whole egg protein， the essential amino acid content of Dingyou No.5 was 67.04 g·kg^-1， which was 72.7% higher than that of whole egg protein. This represents a huge advantage for overall nutritional value. These results indicate a potential for fallow fields that have been left unused in winter to be used for growing oats. The nutritional quality of the tested oat varieties was excellent and the market prospects are good. The research results provide important technical data to support utilization of winter fallow fields in China’s southwest mountainous areas， and the development of an oat processing industry and the future manufacture of oat products.

Key words: southwest mountainous area, oats, nutritional quality, winter fallow fields

Yi-dan YAN, Ying-ying NIE, Li-jun XU, Xing-fa GAO, Yan-zhang RAO, Xiong RAO, Hong-zhi ZHANG, Cha-shu ZHAO, Yan-ping ZHU, Yu-bo ZHU. Potential excavation and evaluation of functional oat varieties in winter fallow field of southwest mountainous area[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2023, 32(4): 42-53.

Figures/Tables 7

References 44

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序号Number	品种Varieties	来源Source
A	香燕13号Xiangyan No.13	内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔市Hulunbeier City， Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
B	中育2号Zhongyu No.2	内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔市Hulunbeier City， Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
C	中育3号Zhongyu No.3	内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔市Hulunbeier City， Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
D	定莜10号Dingyou No.10	甘肃省定西市Dingxi City of Gansu Province
E	定莜8号Dingyou No.8	甘肃省定西市Dingxi City of Gansu Province
F	定莜11号Dingyou No.11	甘肃省定西市Dingxi City of Gansu Province
G	定莜13号Dingyou No.13	甘肃省定西市Dingxi City of Gansu Province
H	白燕7号Baiyan No.7	新疆石河子市Shihezi City， Xinjiang Province
I	莫尼卡 Monica	新疆石河子市Shihezi City， Xinjiang Province
J	定莜7号Dingyou No.7	甘肃省定西市Dingxi City of Gansu Province
K	定莜2号Dingyou No.2	甘肃省定西市Dingxi City of Gansu Province
L	定莜1号Dingyou No.1	甘肃省定西市Dingxi City of Gansu Province
M	定莜5号Dingyou No.5	甘肃省定西市Dingxi City of Gansu Province
N	定莜3号Dingyou No.3	甘肃省定西市Dingxi City of Gansu Province
O	定莜4号Dingyou No.4	甘肃省定西市Dingxi City of Gansu Province

序号Number	品种Varieties	来源Source
A	香燕13号Xiangyan No.13	内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔市Hulunbeier City， Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
B	中育2号Zhongyu No.2	内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔市Hulunbeier City， Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
C	中育3号Zhongyu No.3	内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔市Hulunbeier City， Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
D	定莜10号Dingyou No.10	甘肃省定西市Dingxi City of Gansu Province
E	定莜8号Dingyou No.8	甘肃省定西市Dingxi City of Gansu Province
F	定莜11号Dingyou No.11	甘肃省定西市Dingxi City of Gansu Province
G	定莜13号Dingyou No.13	甘肃省定西市Dingxi City of Gansu Province
H	白燕7号Baiyan No.7	新疆石河子市Shihezi City， Xinjiang Province
I	莫尼卡 Monica	新疆石河子市Shihezi City， Xinjiang Province
J	定莜7号Dingyou No.7	甘肃省定西市Dingxi City of Gansu Province
K	定莜2号Dingyou No.2	甘肃省定西市Dingxi City of Gansu Province
L	定莜1号Dingyou No.1	甘肃省定西市Dingxi City of Gansu Province
M	定莜5号Dingyou No.5	甘肃省定西市Dingxi City of Gansu Province
N	定莜3号Dingyou No.3	甘肃省定西市Dingxi City of Gansu Province
O	定莜4号Dingyou No.4	甘肃省定西市Dingxi City of Gansu Province

品种 Variety	T （g·kg^-1）	E （g·kg^-1）	N （g·kg^-1）	CE （g·kg^-1）	E/T	CE/T	E/N
香燕13号Xiangyan No.13	151.19c	53.75c	97.44c	13.85cd	0.356d	0.092de	0.552d
中育2号Zhongyu No.2	102.68j	35.29i	67.39j	9.24h	0.344gh	0.090f	0.524gh
中育3号Zhongyu No.3	108.85i	39.25h	69.60i	10.00g	0.361c	0.092cde	0.564c
定莜10号Dingyou No.10	149.27d	52.46d	96.81d	13.68d	0.351de	0.092de	0.542de
定莜8号Dingyou No.8	148.30de	54.42bc	93.88f	12.96ef	0.367b	0.087g	0.580b
定莜11号Dingyou No.11	143.13g	50.04f	93.09g	12.96ef	0.350ef	0.091ef	0.538ef
定莜13号Dingyou No.13	101.33k	35.12i	66.21k	8.46i	0.347fg	0.084i	0.531fg
白燕7号Baiyan No.7	75.46m	26.59j	48.87m	6.26k	0.352de	0.083i	0.544de
莫尼卡Monica	95.54l	35.58i	59.96l	8.11j	0.372a	0.085h	0.593a
定莜7号Dingyou No.7	146.81f	51.50e	95.23e	13.19e	0.351de	0.090f	0.542de
定莜2号Dingyou No.2	150.61c	54.16bc	96.45d	14.02c	0.360c	0.093bcd	0.561c
定莜1号Dingyou No.1	137.20h	46.91g	90.28h	12.86f	0.342hi	0.094b	0.520hi
定莜5号Dingyou No.5	203.29a	67.04a	136.25a	17.42a	0.330j	0.086h	0.492j
定莜3号Dingyou No.3	147.94e	51.03e	96.91cd	13.80cd	0.345gh	0.093bc	0.527gh
定莜4号Dingyou No.4	162.15b	54.83b	107.32b	15.92b	0.338i	0.098a	0.511i

品种 Variety	T （g·kg^-1）	E （g·kg^-1）	N （g·kg^-1）	CE （g·kg^-1）	E/T	CE/T	E/N
香燕13号Xiangyan No.13	151.19c	53.75c	97.44c	13.85cd	0.356d	0.092de	0.552d
中育2号Zhongyu No.2	102.68j	35.29i	67.39j	9.24h	0.344gh	0.090f	0.524gh
中育3号Zhongyu No.3	108.85i	39.25h	69.60i	10.00g	0.361c	0.092cde	0.564c
定莜10号Dingyou No.10	149.27d	52.46d	96.81d	13.68d	0.351de	0.092de	0.542de
定莜8号Dingyou No.8	148.30de	54.42bc	93.88f	12.96ef	0.367b	0.087g	0.580b
定莜11号Dingyou No.11	143.13g	50.04f	93.09g	12.96ef	0.350ef	0.091ef	0.538ef
定莜13号Dingyou No.13	101.33k	35.12i	66.21k	8.46i	0.347fg	0.084i	0.531fg
白燕7号Baiyan No.7	75.46m	26.59j	48.87m	6.26k	0.352de	0.083i	0.544de
莫尼卡Monica	95.54l	35.58i	59.96l	8.11j	0.372a	0.085h	0.593a
定莜7号Dingyou No.7	146.81f	51.50e	95.23e	13.19e	0.351de	0.090f	0.542de
定莜2号Dingyou No.2	150.61c	54.16bc	96.45d	14.02c	0.360c	0.093bcd	0.561c
定莜1号Dingyou No.1	137.20h	46.91g	90.28h	12.86f	0.342hi	0.094b	0.520hi
定莜5号Dingyou No.5	203.29a	67.04a	136.25a	17.42a	0.330j	0.086h	0.492j
定莜3号Dingyou No.3	147.94e	51.03e	96.91cd	13.80cd	0.345gh	0.093bc	0.527gh
定莜4号Dingyou No.4	162.15b	54.83b	107.32b	15.92b	0.338i	0.098a	0.511i

品种 Variety	鲜味类Flavor	甜味类Sweets				芳香族Aromatic
品种 Variety	天冬氨酸 Aspartate	丙氨酸 Alanine	甘氨酸 Glycine	丝氨酸 Serine	小计 Total	苯丙氨酸 Phenylalanine	酪氨酸 Tyrosine	小计 Total
香燕13号Xiangyan No.13	13.99d	8.00b	7.00de	7.69d	22.69c	9.23c	3.10d	12.33d
中育2号Zhongyu No.2	9.98j	5.73f	4.98j	5.32h	16.03h	6.00h	1.83i	7.83h
中育3号Zhongyu No.3	10.38i	5.77f	5.21i	5.51g	16.49g	6.52g	2.57e	9.09g
定莜10号Dingyou No.10	13.82de	7.50de	7.00de	7.60e	22.10d	8.90d	3.12d	12.02d
定莜8号Dingyou No.8	13.43f	7.71cd	6.93e	7.47f	22.11d	9.02d	3.07d	12.09d
定莜11号Dingyou No.11	14.47c	7.70cd	7.03d	7.53ef	22.26d	8.33e	2.23g	10.56f
定莜13号Dingyou No.13	10.41i	5.81f	5.31h	5.52g	16.64g	5.88h	0.83k	6.71i
白燕7号Baiyan No.7	7.02l	4.40h	3.78l	4.20j	12.38j	4.23i	1.03j	5.26j
莫尼卡Monica	9.32k	5.27g	4.50k	4.79i	14.56i	5.80h	1.98h	7.78h
定莜7号Dingyou No.7	13.69e	7.82bc	6.81f	7.59e	22.22d	8.81d	2.39f	11.20e
定莜2号Dingyou No.2	13.21g	7.73c	5.38h	8.09c	21.20f	8.92d	4.42b	13.34c
定莜1号Dingyou No.1	12.12h	7.41e	6.13g	7.49f	21.03f	7.72f	3.47c	11.19e
定莜5号Dingyou No.5	18.48a	11.87a	12.40a	10.43a	34.70a	12.10a	4.67a	16.77a
定莜3号Dingyou No.3	13.42f	5.71f	8.22c	7.61de	21.54e	8.82d	3.17d	11.99d
定莜4号Dingyou No.4	14.69b	5.91f	8.81b	8.49b	23.21b	9.48b	4.70a	14.18b