Acta Prataculturae Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (12): 58-67.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2023034
Previous Articles Next Articles
Bin FENG(), Xiao-xia YANG, Wen-ting LIU, Yu-zhen LIU, Wei-dong LV, Zhen-xiang ZHANG, Cai-cai SUN, Qin-yuan ZHOU, Fang-cao WANG, Ze-hang YU, Quan-min DONG()
Received:
2023-02-01
Revised:
2023-03-13
Online:
2023-12-20
Published:
2023-10-18
Contact:
Quan-min DONG
Bin FENG, Xiao-xia YANG, Wen-ting LIU, Yu-zhen LIU, Wei-dong LV, Zhen-xiang ZHANG, Cai-cai SUN, Qin-yuan ZHOU, Fang-cao WANG, Ze-hang YU, Quan-min DONG. Effects of different livestock assembly on the productivity of yak and Tibetan sheep in warm-season pastures[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2023, 32(12): 58-67.
处理 Treatment | 牦牛数量 Number of yak | 藏羊数量 Number of Tibetan sheep | 小区面积 Area of plot (hm2) |
---|---|---|---|
YG | 1 | 0 | 0.26 |
SG | 0 | 2 | 0.17 |
MG1∶6 | 1 | 6 | 0.76 |
MG1∶4 | 1 | 4 | 0.60 |
MG1∶2 | 1 | 2 | 0.43 |
Table 1 Grazing experiment design
处理 Treatment | 牦牛数量 Number of yak | 藏羊数量 Number of Tibetan sheep | 小区面积 Area of plot (hm2) |
---|---|---|---|
YG | 1 | 0 | 0.26 |
SG | 0 | 2 | 0.17 |
MG1∶6 | 1 | 6 | 0.76 |
MG1∶4 | 1 | 4 | 0.60 |
MG1∶2 | 1 | 2 | 0.43 |
时间 Test time | 项目 Item | 日增重 Average daily weight gain (kg·d-1) | 暖季增重Weight gain in warm season (kg) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
返青期Rejuvenation period | 生长期Growth period | 枯黄期Withered period | |||
2020 | YG | 0.45±0.05Aa | 0.66±0.13Aa | -0.09±0.03Ba | 22.33±3.84a |
MG1∶6 | 0.31±0.10Aa | 0.34±0.17Aa | -0.07±0.03Aa | 12.00±6.03ab | |
MG1∶4 | 0.29±0.07Aa | 0.17±0.07Aa | -0.17±0.09Ba | 4.67±2.33b | |
MG1∶2 | 0.41±0.10ABa | 0.61±0.23Aa | -0.06±0.08Ba | 20.00±4.62a | |
平均Mean | 0.36±0.04A | 0.44±0.09A | -0.10±0.03B | ||
2021 | YG | 0.30±0.05Aa | 0.27±0.12Aab | 0.00±0.09Aa | 13.00±5.69a |
MG1∶6 | 0.27±0.12Aa | 0.35±0.04Aa | -0.24±0.03Ba | 8.00±2.08a | |
MG1∶4 | 0.33±0.09Aa | 0.09±0.01Bb | -0.15±0.06Ca | 5.00±3.51a | |
MG1∶2 | 0.22±0.12Aa | 0.23±0.06Aab | -0.14±0.13Aa | 6.67±3.48a | |
平均Mean | 0.28±0.04A | 0.23±0.04A | -0.14±0.05B | ||
2022 | YG | 0.57±0.15Aa | 0.25±0.03ABa | 0.00±0.17Ba | 11.00±2.52a |
MG1∶6 | 0.63±0.03Aa | 0.35±0.02ABa | -0.15±0.28Ba | 11.33±3.84a | |
MG1∶4 | 0.60±0.17Aa | 0.21±0.07Aa | -0.42±0.09Ba | 3.67±2.33a | |
MG1∶2 | 0.70±0.10Aa | 0.25±0.08Ba | -0.35±0.13Ca | 6.67±1.86a | |
平均Mean | 0.63±0.06A | 0.27±0.03B | -0.23±0.09C |
Table 2 Average daily weight gain and weight gain in warm season of yak under different livestock assembly
时间 Test time | 项目 Item | 日增重 Average daily weight gain (kg·d-1) | 暖季增重Weight gain in warm season (kg) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
返青期Rejuvenation period | 生长期Growth period | 枯黄期Withered period | |||
2020 | YG | 0.45±0.05Aa | 0.66±0.13Aa | -0.09±0.03Ba | 22.33±3.84a |
MG1∶6 | 0.31±0.10Aa | 0.34±0.17Aa | -0.07±0.03Aa | 12.00±6.03ab | |
MG1∶4 | 0.29±0.07Aa | 0.17±0.07Aa | -0.17±0.09Ba | 4.67±2.33b | |
MG1∶2 | 0.41±0.10ABa | 0.61±0.23Aa | -0.06±0.08Ba | 20.00±4.62a | |
平均Mean | 0.36±0.04A | 0.44±0.09A | -0.10±0.03B | ||
2021 | YG | 0.30±0.05Aa | 0.27±0.12Aab | 0.00±0.09Aa | 13.00±5.69a |
MG1∶6 | 0.27±0.12Aa | 0.35±0.04Aa | -0.24±0.03Ba | 8.00±2.08a | |
MG1∶4 | 0.33±0.09Aa | 0.09±0.01Bb | -0.15±0.06Ca | 5.00±3.51a | |
MG1∶2 | 0.22±0.12Aa | 0.23±0.06Aab | -0.14±0.13Aa | 6.67±3.48a | |
平均Mean | 0.28±0.04A | 0.23±0.04A | -0.14±0.05B | ||
2022 | YG | 0.57±0.15Aa | 0.25±0.03ABa | 0.00±0.17Ba | 11.00±2.52a |
MG1∶6 | 0.63±0.03Aa | 0.35±0.02ABa | -0.15±0.28Ba | 11.33±3.84a | |
MG1∶4 | 0.60±0.17Aa | 0.21±0.07Aa | -0.42±0.09Ba | 3.67±2.33a | |
MG1∶2 | 0.70±0.10Aa | 0.25±0.08Ba | -0.35±0.13Ca | 6.67±1.86a | |
平均Mean | 0.63±0.06A | 0.27±0.03B | -0.23±0.09C |
项目Item | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 |
---|---|---|---|
YG | 85.90±14.79a | 50.00±21.87a | 42.31±9.68a |
MG1∶6 | 46.15±23.18ab | 30.77±8.01a | 43.59±14.79a |
MG1∶4 | 17.95±8.97b | 19.23±13.51a | 14.10±8.97a |
MG1∶2 | 76.92±17.77a | 25.64±13.39a | 25.64±7.14a |
Table 3 Yak productivity per unit area (kg·hm-2)
项目Item | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 |
---|---|---|---|
YG | 85.90±14.79a | 50.00±21.87a | 42.31±9.68a |
MG1∶6 | 46.15±23.18ab | 30.77±8.01a | 43.59±14.79a |
MG1∶4 | 17.95±8.97b | 19.23±13.51a | 14.10±8.97a |
MG1∶2 | 76.92±17.77a | 25.64±13.39a | 25.64±7.14a |
年份 Year | 放牧方式 Livestock assembly | 返青期 Rejuvenation period | 生长期 Growth period | 枯黄期 Withered period |
---|---|---|---|---|
2020 | YG | 0.56 | 0.90 | 0.07 |
MG1∶6 | 0.88 | 1.00* | -0.10 | |
MG1∶4 | -0.93 | 0.90 | 0.79 | |
MG1∶2 | -0.99 | 0.93 | 0.33 | |
2021 | YG | 0.26 | 0.99 | 0.97 |
MG1∶6 | 0.96 | -0.96 | 0.91 | |
MG1∶4 | 0.97 | 0.99 | 0.96 | |
MG1∶2 | 0.15 | -0.09 | 0.97 | |
2022 | YG | 0.23 | 0.60 | 0.68 |
MG1∶6 | -0.95 | -0.95 | 0.99* | |
MG1∶4 | 0.00 | 0.80 | 0.80 | |
MG1∶2 | 0.99 | -0.36 | 0.72 |
Table 4 Correlation between weight gain during warm season and average daily weight gain of yak during pasture growth season under different livestock assembly
年份 Year | 放牧方式 Livestock assembly | 返青期 Rejuvenation period | 生长期 Growth period | 枯黄期 Withered period |
---|---|---|---|---|
2020 | YG | 0.56 | 0.90 | 0.07 |
MG1∶6 | 0.88 | 1.00* | -0.10 | |
MG1∶4 | -0.93 | 0.90 | 0.79 | |
MG1∶2 | -0.99 | 0.93 | 0.33 | |
2021 | YG | 0.26 | 0.99 | 0.97 |
MG1∶6 | 0.96 | -0.96 | 0.91 | |
MG1∶4 | 0.97 | 0.99 | 0.96 | |
MG1∶2 | 0.15 | -0.09 | 0.97 | |
2022 | YG | 0.23 | 0.60 | 0.68 |
MG1∶6 | -0.95 | -0.95 | 0.99* | |
MG1∶4 | 0.00 | 0.80 | 0.80 | |
MG1∶2 | 0.99 | -0.36 | 0.72 |
年份 Year | 项目 Item | 日增重 Average daily weight gain (kg·d-1) | 暖季增重Weight gain in warm season (kg) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
返青期Rejuvenation period | 生长期Growth period | 枯黄期Withered period | |||
2020 | SG | 0.10±0.01ABa | 0.19±0.05Aa | 0.02±0.01Ba | 6.50±1.50a |
MG1∶6 | 0.12±0.04ABa | 0.17±0.03Aa | 0.01±0.03Ba | 6.28±1.15a | |
MG1∶4 | 0.09±0.02ABa | 0.19±0.04Aa | 0.03±0.01Ba | 7.08±1.69a | |
MG1∶2 | 0.13±0.02Ba | 0.23±0.01Aa | 0.01±0.03Ca | 8.17±1.20a | |
平均Mean | 0.11±0.01B | 0.19±0.02A | 0.02±0.01C | ||
2021 | SG | 0.14±0.02Aa | 0.05±0.03Ba | 0.03±0.01Ba | 5.00±1.32a |
MG1∶6 | 0.09±0.01Aa | 0.05±0.01Aa | -0.02±0.01Bb | 2.33±0.26b | |
MG1∶4 | 0.11±0.01Aa | 0.06±0.01Ba | 0.01±0.01Cab | 3.83±0.17ab | |
MG1∶2 | 0.14±0.03Aa | 0.08±0.01ABa | 0.03±0.01Ba | 5.50±0.29a | |
平均Mean | 0.12±0.01A | 0.06±0.01B | 0.01±0.01C | ||
2022 | SG | 0.33±0.09Aa | 0.13±0.03ABa | 0.03±0.07Ba | 6.50±0.76a |
MG1∶6 | 0.43±0.03Aa | 0.07±0.02Ba | -0.01±0.02Ca | 5.61±0.87a | |
MG1∶4 | 0.33±0.07Aa | 0.08±0.01Ba | 0.00±0.03Ba | 4.92±0.08a | |
MG1∶2 | 0.35±0.06Aa | 0.09±0.01Ba | -0.10±0.05Ca | 3.83±1.30a | |
平均Mean | 0.36±0.03A | 0.09±0.01B | -0.02±0.03C |
Table 5 Average daily weight gain and weight gain in warm season of Tibetan sheep under different livestock assembly
年份 Year | 项目 Item | 日增重 Average daily weight gain (kg·d-1) | 暖季增重Weight gain in warm season (kg) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
返青期Rejuvenation period | 生长期Growth period | 枯黄期Withered period | |||
2020 | SG | 0.10±0.01ABa | 0.19±0.05Aa | 0.02±0.01Ba | 6.50±1.50a |
MG1∶6 | 0.12±0.04ABa | 0.17±0.03Aa | 0.01±0.03Ba | 6.28±1.15a | |
MG1∶4 | 0.09±0.02ABa | 0.19±0.04Aa | 0.03±0.01Ba | 7.08±1.69a | |
MG1∶2 | 0.13±0.02Ba | 0.23±0.01Aa | 0.01±0.03Ca | 8.17±1.20a | |
平均Mean | 0.11±0.01B | 0.19±0.02A | 0.02±0.01C | ||
2021 | SG | 0.14±0.02Aa | 0.05±0.03Ba | 0.03±0.01Ba | 5.00±1.32a |
MG1∶6 | 0.09±0.01Aa | 0.05±0.01Aa | -0.02±0.01Bb | 2.33±0.26b | |
MG1∶4 | 0.11±0.01Aa | 0.06±0.01Ba | 0.01±0.01Cab | 3.83±0.17ab | |
MG1∶2 | 0.14±0.03Aa | 0.08±0.01ABa | 0.03±0.01Ba | 5.50±0.29a | |
平均Mean | 0.12±0.01A | 0.06±0.01B | 0.01±0.01C | ||
2022 | SG | 0.33±0.09Aa | 0.13±0.03ABa | 0.03±0.07Ba | 6.50±0.76a |
MG1∶6 | 0.43±0.03Aa | 0.07±0.02Ba | -0.01±0.02Ca | 5.61±0.87a | |
MG1∶4 | 0.33±0.07Aa | 0.08±0.01Ba | 0.00±0.03Ba | 4.92±0.08a | |
MG1∶2 | 0.35±0.06Aa | 0.09±0.01Ba | -0.10±0.05Ca | 3.83±1.30a | |
平均Mean | 0.36±0.03A | 0.09±0.01B | -0.02±0.03C |
项目Item | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 |
---|---|---|---|
SG | 76.47±17.65a | 58.82±15.56a | 76.47±8.98a |
MG1∶6 | 73.86±13.51a | 27.45±3.00b | 66.01±10.27a |
MG1∶4 | 83.33±19.83a | 45.10±1.97ab | 57.84±0.98a |
MG1∶2 | 96.08±14.14a | 64.71±3.40a | 45.10±15.31a |
Table 6 Tibetan sheep productivity per unit area (kg·hm-2)
项目Item | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 |
---|---|---|---|
SG | 76.47±17.65a | 58.82±15.56a | 76.47±8.98a |
MG1∶6 | 73.86±13.51a | 27.45±3.00b | 66.01±10.27a |
MG1∶4 | 83.33±19.83a | 45.10±1.97ab | 57.84±0.98a |
MG1∶2 | 96.08±14.14a | 64.71±3.40a | 45.10±15.31a |
年份 Year | 放牧方式 Livestock assembly | 返青期 Rejuvenation period | 生长期 Growth period | 枯黄期 Withered period |
---|---|---|---|---|
2020 | SG | 0.50 | 0.94 | 0.87 |
MG1∶6 | -0.39 | 0.82 | 1.00* | |
MG1∶4 | 0.94 | 1.00* | 1.00* | |
MG1∶2 | 0.97 | 0.54 | 0.99 | |
2021 | SG | 1.00** | 0.93 | 0.19 |
MG1∶6 | -0.98 | 0.45 | 0.55 | |
MG1∶4 | 0.50 | 0.87 | -0.50 | |
MG1∶2 | 0.24 | 0.50 | 0.00 | |
2022 | SG | 0.18 | -0.68 | 0.95 |
MG1∶6 | 0.97 | 0.98 | 1.00** | |
MG1∶4 | 0.98 | -0.50 | -1.00** | |
MG1∶2 | 0.99* | -0.83 | 0.99* |
Table 7 The correlation between weight gain in warm season and average daily weight gain of Tibetan sheep in each growing season of pasture under different livestock assembly
年份 Year | 放牧方式 Livestock assembly | 返青期 Rejuvenation period | 生长期 Growth period | 枯黄期 Withered period |
---|---|---|---|---|
2020 | SG | 0.50 | 0.94 | 0.87 |
MG1∶6 | -0.39 | 0.82 | 1.00* | |
MG1∶4 | 0.94 | 1.00* | 1.00* | |
MG1∶2 | 0.97 | 0.54 | 0.99 | |
2021 | SG | 1.00** | 0.93 | 0.19 |
MG1∶6 | -0.98 | 0.45 | 0.55 | |
MG1∶4 | 0.50 | 0.87 | -0.50 | |
MG1∶2 | 0.24 | 0.50 | 0.00 | |
2022 | SG | 0.18 | -0.68 | 0.95 |
MG1∶6 | 0.97 | 0.98 | 1.00** | |
MG1∶4 | 0.98 | -0.50 | -1.00** | |
MG1∶2 | 0.99* | -0.83 | 0.99* |
项目 Item | ADF (g·kg-1) | NDF (g·kg-1) | CP (g·kg-1) | FI (g·m-2) |
---|---|---|---|---|
YG | 452.5±7.9b | 745.6±0.5a | 95.6±2.5ab | 28.0±8.4a |
SG | 469.6±5.3ab | 738.8±2.2a | 97.8±1.5ab | 31.6±11.1a |
MG1∶6 | 452.2±4.7b | 740.5±3.9a | 92.8±3.8b | 33.3±7.2a |
MG1∶4 | 480.2±5.7a | 740.3±7.6a | 99.8±1.5ab | 21.3±7.6a |
MG1∶2 | 456.8±13.0ab | 740.1±5.8a | 101.0±0.8a | 43.8±5.1a |
Table 8 Effects of different livestock assembly on vegetation nutrition and feed intake
项目 Item | ADF (g·kg-1) | NDF (g·kg-1) | CP (g·kg-1) | FI (g·m-2) |
---|---|---|---|---|
YG | 452.5±7.9b | 745.6±0.5a | 95.6±2.5ab | 28.0±8.4a |
SG | 469.6±5.3ab | 738.8±2.2a | 97.8±1.5ab | 31.6±11.1a |
MG1∶6 | 452.2±4.7b | 740.5±3.9a | 92.8±3.8b | 33.3±7.2a |
MG1∶4 | 480.2±5.7a | 740.3±7.6a | 99.8±1.5ab | 21.3±7.6a |
MG1∶2 | 456.8±13.0ab | 740.1±5.8a | 101.0±0.8a | 43.8±5.1a |
项目 Item | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 平均 Mean |
---|---|---|---|---|
YG | 85.90±14.79a | 50.00±21.87a | 42.31±9.68b | 59.40±9.37ab |
SG | 76.47±17.65a | 58.82±15.56a | 76.47±8.99a | 70.59±10.80a |
MG1∶6 | 65.36±15.58a | 28.95±2.63a | 59.21±2.74ab | 51.17±3.97ab |
MG1∶4 | 55.00±7.64a | 33.89±6.55a | 38.89±3.64b | 42.59±3.58b |
MG1∶2 | 84.50±13.25a | 41.09±9.43a | 33.33±10.26b | 52.97±6.64ab |
Table 9 Livestock productivity per unit area (kg·hm-2)
项目 Item | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 平均 Mean |
---|---|---|---|---|
YG | 85.90±14.79a | 50.00±21.87a | 42.31±9.68b | 59.40±9.37ab |
SG | 76.47±17.65a | 58.82±15.56a | 76.47±8.99a | 70.59±10.80a |
MG1∶6 | 65.36±15.58a | 28.95±2.63a | 59.21±2.74ab | 51.17±3.97ab |
MG1∶4 | 55.00±7.64a | 33.89±6.55a | 38.89±3.64b | 42.59±3.58b |
MG1∶2 | 84.50±13.25a | 41.09±9.43a | 33.33±10.26b | 52.97±6.64ab |
1 | Yao X, Han J M. Relationship between economic development and grassland degradation in northwest pastoral area. Pratacultural Science, 2015, 32(4): 628-634. |
姚幸, 韩建民. 西北牧区经济发展与草地退化的关系. 草业科学, 2015, 32(4): 628-634. | |
2 | Gao Q Z, Li Y E, Lin E D, et al. Temporal and spatial distribution of grassland degradation in northern Tibet. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2005, 60(6): 965-973. |
高清竹, 李玉娥, 林而达, 等. 藏北地区草地退化的时空分布特征. 地理学报, 2005, 60(6): 965-973. | |
3 | Shang Z H, Dong Q M, Shi J J, et al. Research progress in recent ten years of ecological restoration for ‘black soil land’ degraded grassland on Tibetan plateau-Concurrently discuss of ecological restoration in Sanjiangyuan region. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2018, 26(1): 1-21. |
尚占环, 董全民, 施建军, 等. 青藏高原“黑土滩”退化草地及其生态恢复近10年研究进展-兼论三江源生态恢复问题. 草地学报, 2018, 26(1): 1-21. | |
4 | Shang Z H, Dong S K, Zhou H K, et al. Synthesis-review for research cases of grassland ecological restoration: Years, effect and method. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2017, 37(24): 8148-8160. |
尚占环, 董世魁, 周华坤, 等. 退化草地生态恢复研究案例综合分析: 年限、效果和方法. 生态学报, 2017, 37(24): 8148-8160. | |
5 | Burenbayin. Effects of grazing in different seasons on the diversity and productivity of plant communities in alpine meadows. Beijing: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2012. |
布仁巴音. 不同季节放牧对高寒草甸植物群落多样性和生产力的影响. 北京: 中国科学院大学, 2012. | |
6 | Bai W Q, Zhang Y L, Xie G D, et al. Analysis of formation causes of grassland degradation in Maduo County in the source region of Yellow River. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2002, 13(7): 823-826. |
摆万奇, 张镱锂, 谢高地, 等. 黄河源区玛多县草地退化成因分析. 应用生态学报, 2002, 13(7): 823-826. | |
7 | Wang D L, Wang L, Xin X P, et al. Systematic restoration for degraded grasslands: Concept, mechanisms and approaches. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(13): 2532-2540. |
王德利, 王岭, 辛晓平, 等. 退化草地的系统性恢复: 概念、机制与途径. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(13): 2532-2540. | |
8 | Tian X C. The impact of grazing prohibition and rest grazing on grassland biodiversity and its promotion measures. Gansu Agricultural Science and Technology, 2021, 52(10): 79-84. |
田新春. 禁牧和休牧对草地生物多样性的影响及其推进措施. 甘肃农业科技, 2021, 52(10): 79-84. | |
9 | Xu Q, Xu Z Q, Wang Y S. Evaluation on the impact of no grazing on the services of typical steppe ecosystems. Pratacultural Science, 2012, 29(3): 364-369. |
许晴, 许中旗, 王英舜. 禁牧对典型草原生态系统服务功能影响的价值评价. 草业科学, 2012, 29(3): 364-369. | |
10 | McNaughton S J. Grazing as an optimization process: Grass-ungulate relationships in the Serengeti. The American Naturalist, 1979, 113(5): 691-703. |
11 | Wang D L, Wang L. A new perspective on the concept of grassland management. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2019, 64(11): 1106-1113. |
王德利, 王岭. 草地管理概念的新释义. 科学通报, 2019, 64(11): 1106-1113. | |
12 | Hutchinson G E. Copepodology for the onithologist. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1951. |
13 | Connell J H. Diversity in tropical rain forests and coral reefs. Science, 1978, 199(4335): 1302-1310. |
14 | Wang L, Zhang M N, Xu M, et al. A scientific basis for promoting grassland ecosystem multifunctionality by diversifying grazing livestock: A review. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2021, 66(30): 3791-3798. |
王岭, 张敏娜, 徐曼, 等. 草地多功能提升的多样化家畜放牧理论及应用. 科学通报, 2021, 66(30): 3791-3798. | |
15 | Zhang C L, Han X M, Lang X, et al. Forage nutrition from different grassland types at different growth stages on the northeast margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Pratacultural Science, 2019, 36(3): 763-771. |
张春林, 韩向敏, 郎侠, 等. 青藏高原东北缘不同草地类型牧草营养品质动态. 草业科学, 2019, 36(3): 763-771. | |
16 | Bokdam J, Vries M F W D. Forage quality as a limiting factor for cattle grazing in isolated Dutch Nature Reserves. Conservation Biology, 1992, 6(3): 399-408. |
17 | Wei Z J, Yang J, Su J A, et al. A study on the standing forages and nutrient dynamics of community on Stipa breviflora grassland under different systems. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2003, 21(4): 53-57. |
卫智军, 杨静, 苏吉安, 等. 荒漠草原不同放牧制度群落现存量与营养物质动态研究. 干旱地区农业研究, 2003, 21(4): 53-57. | |
18 | Barnes R F, Nelson C J, Collins M, et al. Forages: An introduction to grassland agriculture. Ames: Iowa State University Press, 2003. |
19 | Liang J Y, Jiao T, Wu J P, et al. The relationship between seasonal forage digestibility and forage nutritive value in different grazing pastures. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2015, 24(6): 108-115. |
梁建勇, 焦婷, 吴建平, 等. 不同类型草地牧草消化率季节动态与营养品质的关系研究. 草业学报, 2015, 24(6): 108-115. | |
20 | Dong Q M, Ding L M, Yang X X, et al. Study on grazing ecosystem of yak in alpine Kobresia meadow. Beijing: Science Press, 2020. |
董全民, 丁路明, 杨晓霞, 等. 高山嵩草草甸-牦牛放牧生态系统研究. 北京: 科学出版社, 2020. | |
21 | Bo W C. Tibetan sheep is the oldest sheep breed in China. Agricultural Archaeology, 1996(1): 218-221. |
薄吾成. 藏系绵羊是中国最古老的羊种. 农业考古, 1996(1): 218-221. | |
22 | Gill J L. Learning from Africa’s herbivores. Science, 2015, 350(6264): 1036-1037. |
23 | Howland B, Stojanovic D, Gordon I J, et al. Eaten out of house and home: Impacts of grazing on ground-dwelling reptiles in Australian grasslands and grassy woodlands. PLoS One, 2014, 9(12): e105966. |
24 | Clauss M, Steuer P, Müller D W H, et al. Herbivory and body size: Allometries of diet quality and gastrointestinal physiology, and implications for herbivore ecology and dinosaur gigantism. PLoS One, 2013, 8(10): e68714. |
25 | Wolf A, Doughty C E, Malhi Y. Lateral diffusion of nutrients by mammalian herbivores in terrestrial ecosystems. PLoS One, 2013, 8(8): e71352. |
26 | Danell K, Bergström R, Duncan P, et al. Large herbivore ecology, ecosystem dynamics and conservation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006. |
27 | Feng B, Yang X X, Dong Q M, et al. Response of major species to grazing mode in an alpine grassland. Pratacultural Science, 2021, 38(3): 531-543. |
冯斌, 杨晓霞, 董全民, 等. 高寒草地主要物种对放牧方式的响应. 草业科学, 2021, 38(3): 531-543. | |
28 | Zhang Y F, Yang X X, Dong Q M, et al. Effects of mixed grazing of yak and Tibetan sheep on feed intake of grazing livestock and plant compensation growth. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2019, 27(6): 1607-1614. |
张艳芬, 杨晓霞, 董全民, 等. 牦牛和藏羊混合放牧对放牧家畜采食量和植物补偿性生长的影响. 草地学报, 2019, 27(6): 1607-1614. | |
29 | He Z F, Wang F, Chen P, et al. Evaluation on production performance and quality of 10 silage maize varieties in Linxia of Gansu Province. China Feed, 2022(24): 57-62. |
何振富, 王斐, 陈平, 等. 甘肃临夏地区10个青贮玉米品种生产性能及饲用价值评价. 中国饲料, 2022(24): 57-62. | |
30 | Wang S P, Li Y H, Chen Z Z. The optimal stocking rates on grazing system in Inner Mongolia steppeⅠ. Based on analysis of liveweight gain per animal and hectare and benefit. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 1999, 7(3): 183-191. |
汪诗平, 李永宏, 陈佐忠. 内蒙古典型草原草畜系统适宜放牧率的研究Ⅰ.以绵羊增重及经济效益为管理目标. 草地学报, 1999, 7(3): 183-191. | |
31 | Yang S X. Temporal and spatial dynamics of alpine grassland biomass and grassland livestock balance and its influential factors in the three river headwaters region. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University, 2017. |
杨淑霞. 三江源地区高寒草地生物量和草畜平衡的时空变化动态及其影响因素研究. 兰州: 兰州大学, 2017. | |
32 | Wang J H. Factors influencing the growth of yak and related improvement measures. The Chinese Livestock and Poultry Breeding, 2017, 13(8): 89. |
王金辉. 牦牛生长影响因素和相关改善措施. 中国畜禽种业, 2017, 13(8): 89. | |
33 | He F Q, Chen D D, Li Q, et al. Temporal and spatial distribution of herbage nutrition in alpine grassland of Sanjiangyuan. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2020, 40(18): 6304-6313. |
贺福全, 陈懂懂, 李奇, 等. 三江源高寒草地牧草营养时空分布. 生态学报, 2020, 40(18): 6304-6313. | |
34 | Bao L, Hong X. Several important factors affecting the growth and fattening of grazing Tibetan sheep in alpine regions. Chinese Qinghai Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2003(3): 45. |
鲍林, 红霞. 影响高寒地区放牧藏羊生长育肥的几个重要因素. 青海畜牧兽医杂志, 2003(3): 45. | |
35 | Zhou C J. Important factors affecting the growth and fattening of grazing Tibetan sheep in alpine regions. Jiangxi Agriculture, 2018(2): 46. |
周措吉. 影响高寒地区放牧藏羊生长育肥的重要因素. 江西农业, 2018(2): 46. | |
36 | Qi Y X, Yu Z X. Study on the suitable period of grazing and fattening Tibetan sheep in the alpine pasturing area. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2007, 34(6): 139-140. |
祁玉香, 余忠祥. 高寒牧区藏羊放牧育肥出栏适宜时期的研究. 中国畜牧兽医, 2007, 34(6): 139-140. | |
37 | Zhang J W, Yang H L, Xu C L, et al. Effects of summer rotational grazing of yak and Tibetan sheep on decomposition of 3 kinds of plant litter on alpine meadow. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2017, 25(4): 732-742. |
张建文, 杨海磊, 徐长林, 等. 牦牛和藏羊夏季划区轮牧对高寒草甸3种植物凋落物分解的影响. 草地学报, 2017, 25(4): 732-742. | |
38 | Olofsson J, Hulme P E, Oksanen L, et al. Importance of large and small mammalian herbivores for the plant community structure in the forest tundra ecotone. Oikos, 2004, 106(2): 324-334. |
39 | Mo X G, Liu W, Meng C C, et al. Variations of forage yield and forage-livestock balance in grasslands over the Tibetan Plateau, China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2021, 32(7): 2415-2425. |
莫兴国, 刘文, 孟铖铖, 等. 青藏高原草地产量与草畜平衡变化. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(7): 2415-2425. | |
40 | Mysterud A, Hessen D O, Moboek R, et al. Plant quality, seasonality and sheep grazing in an alpine ecosystem. Basic and Applied Ecology, 2011, 12(3): 195-206. |
41 | Fanselow N, Schönbach P, Gong X Y, et al. Short term regrowth responses of four steppe grassland species to grazing intensity, water and nitrogen in Inner Mongolia. Plant and Soil, 2011, 340(1/2): 279-289. |
42 | Han O, Ritchie M E. Effects of herbivores on grassland plant diversity. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 1998, 13(7): 261-265. |
[1] | Yu-qi ZHE, Zhi-juan WU, Ji-kun WANG, Jin-cheng ZHONG, Zhi-xin CHAI, Jin-wei XIN. Analysis of the genetic structure of Tibetan yak populations based on mtDNA COX3 [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2023, 32(9): 231-240. |
[2] | Li ZHOU, Sheng-zhen HOU, Zhi-you WANG, Bao-chun YANG, Li-juan HAN, Lin-sheng GUI. Changes in small intestinal morphology, digestive enzyme activity and antioxidant enzyme activities of female Tibetan sheep after substituting the maize component of a concentrate diet with palm meal [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2023, 32(3): 118-127. |
[3] | Hong-xin NIE, Yu-min LI, Kai-yue PANG, Sha-tuo CHAI, Di SHEN, Zi-ming ZENG, Yang LIAO, Xun WANG, Bin XUE, Shu-jie LIU, Shu-xiang WANG, Ying-kui YANG. Effect of different concentrate to forage ratios on the structure of microflora in yak manure [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2023, 32(12): 189-197. |
[4] | Dao zhi cai rang WU, Cheng-fang PEI, Zhi-yuan MA, Hong-shan LIU, Xu-liang CAO, Hu LIU, Jian-wei ZHOU. Effect of feed level of oat hay on average daily gain, blood physiological and biochemical indexes, and rumen fermentation parameters in yaks [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2023, 32(11): 119-129. |
[5] | Jia-yu DUAN, Bo ZHANG, Jun CAO, Shu-jie LIU, Zhan-hong CUI. Distribution of sodium, potassium, and magnesium in 70-100 kg yak calves and the growth requirements for these nutrients [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2023, 32(11): 130-139. |
[6] | Meng-jun LIU, Yue REN. Meat quality and nutritional indexes of three muscles of the F1 generation of crossbred sheep (Suffolk×river valley-type Tibetan) raised under grazing conditions [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2023, 32(11): 140-154. |
[7] | Shi-long MA, Xiao-wei LI, Xiang LI, Shu-qiong XIE, Yi-li LIU, Jiao TANG, Ming-feng JIANG. Assessment of genetic structure of 3 Maiwa yak preserved populations based on genotyping-by-sequencing technology [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2022, 31(9): 183-194. |
[8] | Yin-jie YOU, Hao-zhen ZHOU, Yao LIU, Chen-xi WANG, Zhong-li PENG. Comparison of nutritional value of oat hay, oat silage and Sichuan pasture for yaks [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2022, 31(8): 99-110. |
[9] | Dong-wen DAI, Kai-yue Pang, xun WANG, Ying-kui YANG, Sha-tuo CHAI, Shu-xiang WANG. Effects of different concentrate supplement levels on rumen fermentation and microbial community structure of grazing yaks in the warm season [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2022, 31(5): 169-177. |
[10] | Xun-gang WANG, Xiao-ling ZHANG, Tian-wei XU, Yuan-yue GENG, Lin-yong HU, Na ZHAO, Hong-jin LIU, Sheng-ping KANG, Shi-xiao XU. Effects of dietary protein levels on ruminal fungal community structure and function in Tibetan sheep [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2022, 31(2): 182-191. |
[11] | Li ZHOU, Zhi-you WANG, Bao-chun YANG, Sheng-zhen HOU, Feng-shuo ZHANG, Lin-sheng GUI. Effects of dietary neutral detergent fiber on muscle fiber type composition and meat quality characteristics of black Tibetan sheep [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2022, 31(11): 75-85. |
[12] | Yong-hong WANG, Li-ming TIAN, Yi AI, Shi-yong CHEN, Tserang-donko MIPAM. Effects of short-term yak grazing on soil fungal communities in an alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2022, 31(10): 41-52. |
[13] | Chen LI, Ali Ahmad ANUM, Jian-bo ZHANG, Ze-yi LIANG, Xue-zhi DING, Ping YAN. Comparative study of grazing behavior, serum biochemical indexes, and rumen fermentation parameters of yaks and cattle in the cold seaso [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(6): 162-169. |
[14] | Hui JI, Jiu-qiang GUAN, Hui WANG, Jian-xu ZHOU, Nong-ga A, Zong-wei HE, Zhen-xiang FAN, Long-kang QIU, Shi-xiao CAO, Tian-wu AN, Qin BAI, Jin-cheng ZHONG, Xiao-lin LUO. Genetic structure and diversity of Yading yak and Larima yak populations [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(5): 134-145. |
[15] | Jiang-wei LI, Zhi-you WANG, Sheng-zhen HOU, Yun LEI, Jian-lei JIA, Li ZHOU, Lin-sheng GUI. Effects of dietary concentrate∶roughage ratio on rumen morphology and microbial flora in fattening Tibetan sheep [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(3): 100-109. |
Viewed | ||||||
Full text |
|
|||||
Abstract |
|
|||||