Acta Prataculturae Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (3): 97-110.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2024057
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Ya-jiao ZHAO(), Xiao-jing LIU(
), Fang LIN
Received:
2024-02-26
Revised:
2024-06-25
Online:
2025-03-20
Published:
2025-01-02
Contact:
Xiao-jing LIU
Ya-jiao ZHAO, Xiao-jing LIU, Fang LIN. Selection of intercropping combinations suitable for alfalfa and Poaceae forages in semi-arid areas of the Loess Plateau[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2025, 34(3): 97-110.
材料 Material | 品种(系) Cultivar (line) | 生育期Growing period (d) | 来源 Origin |
---|---|---|---|
紫花苜蓿Alfalfa | LW6010 | 多年生Perennial | 甘肃农业大学草业学院 Gansu Agricultural University, College of Prataculture |
玉米Maize | KD-3 | 120 | 河南省农业科学院Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences |
甜高粱Sorghum | 海狮Sea lion | 125 | 北京克劳沃Beijing Clover Company |
燕麦Oat | 海威Haywire | 100 | 北京克劳沃Beijing Clover Company |
小黑麦Triticale | 中饲1048 Zhongsi 1048 | 236 | 河北省农业科学院Hebei Academy of Agricultural Sciences |
根瘤菌 Bradyrhizobium japonicum | 中华根瘤菌12531 Sinorhizobium meliloti 12531 | - | 甘肃农业大学草业学院 Gansu Agricultural University, College of Prataculture |
Table 1 Tested cultivars (lines) and origins
材料 Material | 品种(系) Cultivar (line) | 生育期Growing period (d) | 来源 Origin |
---|---|---|---|
紫花苜蓿Alfalfa | LW6010 | 多年生Perennial | 甘肃农业大学草业学院 Gansu Agricultural University, College of Prataculture |
玉米Maize | KD-3 | 120 | 河南省农业科学院Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences |
甜高粱Sorghum | 海狮Sea lion | 125 | 北京克劳沃Beijing Clover Company |
燕麦Oat | 海威Haywire | 100 | 北京克劳沃Beijing Clover Company |
小黑麦Triticale | 中饲1048 Zhongsi 1048 | 236 | 河北省农业科学院Hebei Academy of Agricultural Sciences |
根瘤菌 Bradyrhizobium japonicum | 中华根瘤菌12531 Sinorhizobium meliloti 12531 | - | 甘肃农业大学草业学院 Gansu Agricultural University, College of Prataculture |
年份Year | 作物类型 Cropping system | 种植日期 Planting date | 第1次刈割 First mowing | 第2次刈割 Second mowing | 第3次刈割 Third mowing | 第4次刈割 Fourth mowing | 第5次刈割 Fifth mowing |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2017 | 紫花苜蓿Alfalfa | 2016-9-10 | 2017-5-15 | 2017-6-20 | 2017-7-20 | 2017-8-26 | 2017-10-8 |
玉米Maize | 2017-5-15 | - | - | - | 2017-8-26 | - | |
甜高粱Sorghum | 2017-5-15 | - | - | - | 2017-8-26 | - | |
燕麦Oat | 2017-3-23 | - | 2017-6-20 | - | - | - | |
小黑麦Triticale | 2017-3-23 | - | 2017-6-20 | - | - | - | |
2018 | 紫花苜蓿Alfalfa | - | 2018-5-12 | 2018-6-12 | 2018-7-12 | 2018-8-20 | 2018-10-5 |
玉米Maize | 2018-5-8 | - | - | - | 2018-8-20 | - | |
甜高粱Sorghum | 2018-5-8 | - | - | - | 2018-8-20 | - | |
燕麦Oat | 2018-3-15 | - | 2018-6-12 | - | - | - | |
小黑麦Triticale | 2018-3-15 | - | 2018-6-12 | - | - | - | |
2019 | 紫花苜蓿Alfalfa | - | 2019-5-8 | 2019-6-10 | 2019-7-8 | 2019-8-13 | 2019-9-26 |
玉米Maize | 2019-5-2 | - | - | - | 2019-8-13 | - | |
甜高粱Sorghum | 2019-5-2 | - | - | - | 2019-8-13 | - | |
燕麦Oat | 2019-3-12 | - | 2019-6-10 | - | - | - | |
小黑麦Triticale | 2019-3-12 | - | 2018-6-12 | - | - | - |
Table 2 Planting and mowing times of different pastures in different years (Year-month-day)
年份Year | 作物类型 Cropping system | 种植日期 Planting date | 第1次刈割 First mowing | 第2次刈割 Second mowing | 第3次刈割 Third mowing | 第4次刈割 Fourth mowing | 第5次刈割 Fifth mowing |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2017 | 紫花苜蓿Alfalfa | 2016-9-10 | 2017-5-15 | 2017-6-20 | 2017-7-20 | 2017-8-26 | 2017-10-8 |
玉米Maize | 2017-5-15 | - | - | - | 2017-8-26 | - | |
甜高粱Sorghum | 2017-5-15 | - | - | - | 2017-8-26 | - | |
燕麦Oat | 2017-3-23 | - | 2017-6-20 | - | - | - | |
小黑麦Triticale | 2017-3-23 | - | 2017-6-20 | - | - | - | |
2018 | 紫花苜蓿Alfalfa | - | 2018-5-12 | 2018-6-12 | 2018-7-12 | 2018-8-20 | 2018-10-5 |
玉米Maize | 2018-5-8 | - | - | - | 2018-8-20 | - | |
甜高粱Sorghum | 2018-5-8 | - | - | - | 2018-8-20 | - | |
燕麦Oat | 2018-3-15 | - | 2018-6-12 | - | - | - | |
小黑麦Triticale | 2018-3-15 | - | 2018-6-12 | - | - | - | |
2019 | 紫花苜蓿Alfalfa | - | 2019-5-8 | 2019-6-10 | 2019-7-8 | 2019-8-13 | 2019-9-26 |
玉米Maize | 2019-5-2 | - | - | - | 2019-8-13 | - | |
甜高粱Sorghum | 2019-5-2 | - | - | - | 2019-8-13 | - | |
燕麦Oat | 2019-3-12 | - | 2019-6-10 | - | - | - | |
小黑麦Triticale | 2019-3-12 | - | 2018-6-12 | - | - | - |
年份Year | 组合 Combinations | 紫花苜蓿/玉米间套作 Alfalfa/maize intercropping | 紫花苜蓿/甜高粱间套作 Alfalfa/sorghum intercropping | 紫花苜蓿/燕麦间套作 Alfalfa/oat intercropping | 紫花苜蓿/小黑麦间套作 Alfalfa/triticale intercropping | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
种植模式 Planting patterns | 紫花苜蓿 Alfalfa | 玉米 Maize | 紫花苜蓿 Alfalfa | 甜高粱 Sorghum | 紫花苜蓿 Alfalfa | 燕麦 Oat | 紫花苜蓿 Alfalfa | 小黑麦 Triticale | |
2017 | 单作Monoculture | 18.35±0.63 | 11.25±0.45 | 18.35±0.63 | 9.67±0.40 | 19.83±0.38 | 15.06±0.73 | 19.83±0.38 | 15.33±0.38 |
间套作Intercropping | 16.29±0.31 | 12.27±0.83 | 16.02±0.62 | 10.10±0.52 | 18.40±0.39 | 16.20±0.85 | 18.16±0.44 | 16.51±0.48 | |
P | ** | * | ** | ns | ** | * | ** | * | |
2018 | 单作Monoculture | 19.69±0.95 | 10.90±0.53 | 19.69±0.95 | 9.30±0.54 | 20.23±0.81 | 14.78±0.37 | 20.23±0.81 | 14.78±0.82 |
间套作Intercropping | 17.35±0.75 | 11.58±0.48 | 16.92±0.19 | 9.88±0.53 | 18.25±0.34 | 15.29±0.71 | 18.15±0.38 | 16.04±1.19 | |
P | ** | * | ** | ns | ** | ns | ** | * | |
2019 | 单作Monoculture | 19.56±0.63 | 10.11±0.45 | 19.56±0.63 | 8.96±0.50 | 19.93±0.65 | 15.05±0.27 | 19.93±0.65 | 15.24±0.34 |
间套作Intercropping | 17.74±0.56 | 10.83±0.52 | 17.51±0.77 | 9.34±0.33 | 18.44±0.50 | 15.96±0.62 | 18.24±0.32 | 16.16±0.83 | |
P | ** | * | ** | ns | ** | * | ** | * |
Table 3 The crude protein content under different planting patterns (%)
年份Year | 组合 Combinations | 紫花苜蓿/玉米间套作 Alfalfa/maize intercropping | 紫花苜蓿/甜高粱间套作 Alfalfa/sorghum intercropping | 紫花苜蓿/燕麦间套作 Alfalfa/oat intercropping | 紫花苜蓿/小黑麦间套作 Alfalfa/triticale intercropping | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
种植模式 Planting patterns | 紫花苜蓿 Alfalfa | 玉米 Maize | 紫花苜蓿 Alfalfa | 甜高粱 Sorghum | 紫花苜蓿 Alfalfa | 燕麦 Oat | 紫花苜蓿 Alfalfa | 小黑麦 Triticale | |
2017 | 单作Monoculture | 18.35±0.63 | 11.25±0.45 | 18.35±0.63 | 9.67±0.40 | 19.83±0.38 | 15.06±0.73 | 19.83±0.38 | 15.33±0.38 |
间套作Intercropping | 16.29±0.31 | 12.27±0.83 | 16.02±0.62 | 10.10±0.52 | 18.40±0.39 | 16.20±0.85 | 18.16±0.44 | 16.51±0.48 | |
P | ** | * | ** | ns | ** | * | ** | * | |
2018 | 单作Monoculture | 19.69±0.95 | 10.90±0.53 | 19.69±0.95 | 9.30±0.54 | 20.23±0.81 | 14.78±0.37 | 20.23±0.81 | 14.78±0.82 |
间套作Intercropping | 17.35±0.75 | 11.58±0.48 | 16.92±0.19 | 9.88±0.53 | 18.25±0.34 | 15.29±0.71 | 18.15±0.38 | 16.04±1.19 | |
P | ** | * | ** | ns | ** | ns | ** | * | |
2019 | 单作Monoculture | 19.56±0.63 | 10.11±0.45 | 19.56±0.63 | 8.96±0.50 | 19.93±0.65 | 15.05±0.27 | 19.93±0.65 | 15.24±0.34 |
间套作Intercropping | 17.74±0.56 | 10.83±0.52 | 17.51±0.77 | 9.34±0.33 | 18.44±0.50 | 15.96±0.62 | 18.24±0.32 | 16.16±0.83 | |
P | ** | * | ** | ns | ** | * | ** | * |
年份Year | 组合 Combinations | 紫花苜蓿/玉米间套作 Alfalfa/maize intercropping | 紫花苜蓿/甜高粱间套作 Alfalfa/sorghum intercropping | 紫花苜蓿/燕麦间套作 Alfalfa/oat intercropping | 紫花苜蓿/小黑麦间套作 Alfalfa/triticale intercropping | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
种植模式 Planting patterns | 紫花苜蓿 Alfalfa | 玉米 Maize | 紫花苜蓿 Alfalfa | 甜高粱 Sorghum | 紫花苜蓿 Alfalfa | 燕麦 Oat | 紫花苜蓿 Alfalfa | 小黑麦 Triticale | |
2017 | 单作Monoculture | 34.23±0.49 | 44.69±1.53 | 34.23±0.49 | 44.14±2.14 | 32.14±1.88 | 38.23±1.86 | 32.14±1.88 | 37.98±1.38 |
间套作Intercropping | 36.21±0.65 | 42.65±1.97 | 36.54±2.36 | 42.60±2.35 | 33.41±2.19 | 37.39±1.68 | 34.33±2.38 | 36.72±0.97 | |
P | * | * | * | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | |
2018 | 单作Monoculture | 33.38±2.15 | 44.82±1.48 | 33.38±2.15 | 45.55±3.62 | 32.25±1.93 | 39.42±1.77 | 32.25±1.93 | 38.33±1.67 |
间套作Intercropping | 34.98±0.59 | 43.75±3.61 | 35.64±1.33 | 44.33±4.17 | 33.18±1.88 | 36.30±1.85 | 33.44±1.75 | 36.49±1.71 | |
P | ns | ns | * | ns | ns | * | ns | ns | |
2019 | 单作Monoculture | 32.10±2.00 | 45.81±3.48 | 32.10±2.00 | 47.26±3.70 | 31.40±1.60 | 38.36±1.69 | 31.40±1.60 | 36.64±1.36 |
间套作Intercropping | 33.27±2.07 | 43.20±3.59 | 33.79±5.47 | 45.69±1.09 | 33.63±1.31 | 35.62±1.35 | 33.37±2.15 | 34.57±1.71 | |
P | ns | * | ns | ns | * | * | ns | * |
Table 4 The acid detergent fiber content under different planting patterns (%)
年份Year | 组合 Combinations | 紫花苜蓿/玉米间套作 Alfalfa/maize intercropping | 紫花苜蓿/甜高粱间套作 Alfalfa/sorghum intercropping | 紫花苜蓿/燕麦间套作 Alfalfa/oat intercropping | 紫花苜蓿/小黑麦间套作 Alfalfa/triticale intercropping | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
种植模式 Planting patterns | 紫花苜蓿 Alfalfa | 玉米 Maize | 紫花苜蓿 Alfalfa | 甜高粱 Sorghum | 紫花苜蓿 Alfalfa | 燕麦 Oat | 紫花苜蓿 Alfalfa | 小黑麦 Triticale | |
2017 | 单作Monoculture | 34.23±0.49 | 44.69±1.53 | 34.23±0.49 | 44.14±2.14 | 32.14±1.88 | 38.23±1.86 | 32.14±1.88 | 37.98±1.38 |
间套作Intercropping | 36.21±0.65 | 42.65±1.97 | 36.54±2.36 | 42.60±2.35 | 33.41±2.19 | 37.39±1.68 | 34.33±2.38 | 36.72±0.97 | |
P | * | * | * | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | |
2018 | 单作Monoculture | 33.38±2.15 | 44.82±1.48 | 33.38±2.15 | 45.55±3.62 | 32.25±1.93 | 39.42±1.77 | 32.25±1.93 | 38.33±1.67 |
间套作Intercropping | 34.98±0.59 | 43.75±3.61 | 35.64±1.33 | 44.33±4.17 | 33.18±1.88 | 36.30±1.85 | 33.44±1.75 | 36.49±1.71 | |
P | ns | ns | * | ns | ns | * | ns | ns | |
2019 | 单作Monoculture | 32.10±2.00 | 45.81±3.48 | 32.10±2.00 | 47.26±3.70 | 31.40±1.60 | 38.36±1.69 | 31.40±1.60 | 36.64±1.36 |
间套作Intercropping | 33.27±2.07 | 43.20±3.59 | 33.79±5.47 | 45.69±1.09 | 33.63±1.31 | 35.62±1.35 | 33.37±2.15 | 34.57±1.71 | |
P | ns | * | ns | ns | * | * | ns | * |
年份Year | 组合 Combinations | 紫花苜蓿/玉米间套作 Alfalfa/maize intercropping | 紫花苜蓿/甜高粱间套作 Alfalfa/sorghum intercropping | 紫花苜蓿/燕麦间套作 Alfalfa/oat intercropping | 紫花苜蓿/小黑麦间套作 Alfalfa/triticale intercropping | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
种植模式 Planting patterns | 紫花苜蓿 Alfalfa | 玉米 Maize | 紫花苜蓿 Alfalfa | 甜高粱 Sorghum | 紫花苜蓿 Alfalfa | 燕麦 Oat | 紫花苜蓿 Alfalfa | 小黑麦 Triticale | |
2017 | 单作Monoculture | 45.25±3.47 | 62.49±2.42 | 45.25±3.47 | 64.41±4.20 | 42.43±1.36 | 49.36±1.86 | 42.43±1.36 | 46.55±3.67 |
间套作Intercropping | 48.39±1.73 | 60.49±1.11 | 48.33±2.01 | 61.58±4.66 | 43.68±0.43 | 47.54±1.37 | 43.40±1.56 | 45.61±1.44 | |
P | * | ns | * | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | |
2018 | 单作Monoculture | 43.43±4.08 | 63.32±4.01 | 43.43±4.08 | 65.32±4.04 | 41.48±2.04 | 48.60±1.94 | 41.48±2.04 | 47.33±1.72 |
间套作Intercropping | 45.06±3.17 | 60.45±4.05 | 46.35±2.18 | 63.27±4.14 | 42.40±1.62 | 46.58±1.81 | 42.45±1.65 | 45.37±2.03 | |
P | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | |
2019 | 单作Monoculture | 42.65±2.59 | 63.76±4.79 | 42.65±2.59 | 67.31±3.60 | 41.32±1.73 | 49.40±1.67 | 41.32±1.73 | 47.63±2.91 |
间套作Intercropping | 45.32±3.94 | 60.65±4.23 | 45.54±2.58 | 63.95±2.47 | 42.36±1.67 | 47.26±2.00 | 42.53±1.27 | 45.79±3.00 | |
P | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | * | ns | ns |
Table 5 The neutral detergent fiber content under different planting patterns (%)
年份Year | 组合 Combinations | 紫花苜蓿/玉米间套作 Alfalfa/maize intercropping | 紫花苜蓿/甜高粱间套作 Alfalfa/sorghum intercropping | 紫花苜蓿/燕麦间套作 Alfalfa/oat intercropping | 紫花苜蓿/小黑麦间套作 Alfalfa/triticale intercropping | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
种植模式 Planting patterns | 紫花苜蓿 Alfalfa | 玉米 Maize | 紫花苜蓿 Alfalfa | 甜高粱 Sorghum | 紫花苜蓿 Alfalfa | 燕麦 Oat | 紫花苜蓿 Alfalfa | 小黑麦 Triticale | |
2017 | 单作Monoculture | 45.25±3.47 | 62.49±2.42 | 45.25±3.47 | 64.41±4.20 | 42.43±1.36 | 49.36±1.86 | 42.43±1.36 | 46.55±3.67 |
间套作Intercropping | 48.39±1.73 | 60.49±1.11 | 48.33±2.01 | 61.58±4.66 | 43.68±0.43 | 47.54±1.37 | 43.40±1.56 | 45.61±1.44 | |
P | * | ns | * | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | |
2018 | 单作Monoculture | 43.43±4.08 | 63.32±4.01 | 43.43±4.08 | 65.32±4.04 | 41.48±2.04 | 48.60±1.94 | 41.48±2.04 | 47.33±1.72 |
间套作Intercropping | 45.06±3.17 | 60.45±4.05 | 46.35±2.18 | 63.27±4.14 | 42.40±1.62 | 46.58±1.81 | 42.45±1.65 | 45.37±2.03 | |
P | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | |
2019 | 单作Monoculture | 42.65±2.59 | 63.76±4.79 | 42.65±2.59 | 67.31±3.60 | 41.32±1.73 | 49.40±1.67 | 41.32±1.73 | 47.63±2.91 |
间套作Intercropping | 45.32±3.94 | 60.65±4.23 | 45.54±2.58 | 63.95±2.47 | 42.36±1.67 | 47.26±2.00 | 42.53±1.27 | 45.79±3.00 | |
P | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | * | ns | ns |
年份 Year | 种植模式 Planting patterns | 紫花苜蓿偏土地当量比 Partial land-equivalent ratio of alfalfa (PLERa) | 禾本科牧草偏土地当量比 Partial land-equivalent ratio of gramineae forage (PLERg) | 土地当量比 Land equivalent ratio (LER) |
---|---|---|---|---|
2017 | A/M | 0.44±0.02b | 0.57±0.01a | 1.01±0.02a |
A/S | 0.44±0.02b | 0.57±0.05a | 1.01±0.06a | |
A/O | 0.45±0.01b | 0.59±0.03a | 1.04±0.02a | |
A/T | 0.48±0.01a | 0.58±0.05a | 1.06±0.06a | |
2018 | A/M | 0.46±0.00bc | 0.59±0.02a | 1.05±0.02a |
A/S | 0.46±0.01c | 0.59±0.03a | 1.05±0.02a | |
A/O | 0.47±0.01b | 0.62±0.05a | 1.08±0.04a | |
A/T | 0.48±0.00a | 0.63±0.03a | 1.11±0.04a | |
2019 | A/M | 0.46±0.01a | 0.62±0.02a | 1.08±0.02a |
A/S | 0.46±0.01a | 0.61±0.00a | 1.07±0.02a | |
A/O | 0.45±0.01a | 0.66±0.05a | 1.12±0.05a | |
A/T | 0.47±0.01a | 0.66±0.04a | 1.12±0.04a |
Table 6 Land equivalent ratio (LER) evaluation of 4 patterns of intercropping systems
年份 Year | 种植模式 Planting patterns | 紫花苜蓿偏土地当量比 Partial land-equivalent ratio of alfalfa (PLERa) | 禾本科牧草偏土地当量比 Partial land-equivalent ratio of gramineae forage (PLERg) | 土地当量比 Land equivalent ratio (LER) |
---|---|---|---|---|
2017 | A/M | 0.44±0.02b | 0.57±0.01a | 1.01±0.02a |
A/S | 0.44±0.02b | 0.57±0.05a | 1.01±0.06a | |
A/O | 0.45±0.01b | 0.59±0.03a | 1.04±0.02a | |
A/T | 0.48±0.01a | 0.58±0.05a | 1.06±0.06a | |
2018 | A/M | 0.46±0.00bc | 0.59±0.02a | 1.05±0.02a |
A/S | 0.46±0.01c | 0.59±0.03a | 1.05±0.02a | |
A/O | 0.47±0.01b | 0.62±0.05a | 1.08±0.04a | |
A/T | 0.48±0.00a | 0.63±0.03a | 1.11±0.04a | |
2019 | A/M | 0.46±0.01a | 0.62±0.02a | 1.08±0.02a |
A/S | 0.46±0.01a | 0.61±0.00a | 1.07±0.02a | |
A/O | 0.45±0.01a | 0.66±0.05a | 1.12±0.05a | |
A/T | 0.47±0.01a | 0.66±0.04a | 1.12±0.04a |
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