Effect of biocontrol agents to control forage crop fungal diseases and factors influencing their effectiveness： A Meta-analysis

doi:10.11686/cyxb2024187

Abstract

Abstract:

Fungal diseases significantly constrain the productivity and quality of forage crops. Biocontrol agents， recognized for their ecological compatibility and safety， have emerged as the favored method for plant disease management. Further research is needed to elucidate the overall efficacy of these agents in controlling fungal diseases in forage crops， as well as the factors influencing their effectiveness. Based on 24 papers published by March 2024 on the use of biocontrol agents （Bacillus， Trichoderma， and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. etc） to control root rot， rust， powdery mildew， leaf spot， and anthracnose disease of major forage crops such as alfalfa （Medicago sativa）， oat （Avena sativa）， silage maize （Zea mays）， ryegrass （Lolium perenne）， alsike clover （Trifolium hybridum）， common vetch（Vicia sativa）， and orchardgrass（Dactylis glomerata）， we conducted a Meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of biocontrol agents to control diseases of forage crops， and to analyze the impacts of a variety of factors on the effectiveness of control. The results show that biocontrol agents are remarkably effective in controlling fungal diseases of forage crops， with a total biological control effect of 49.85%. Heterogeneity testing revealed that the pathogen species， the type， concentration， and application frequency of the biocontrol agent， the forage crop species， and the disease type were the factors significantly impacting the effectiveness of control. However， the type of experiment， application mode， and biocontrol species had no significant impact on the effectiveness of control. Overall， the analysis showed that： 1） Compared with the overall average control effect， the biocontrol agents had stronger control effects on root rot and powdery mildew in major forage crops such as alfalfa and oat. 2） Biocontrol species should be screened to identify specific and highly effective strains targeting pathogens. 3） Considering both the economic cost and control effect， the concentration of biocontrol agents should be 10⁸ CFU·mL ^-¹and the number of applications should be two. The findings of this study provide practical guidelines for the use of biocontrol agents in actual production to control fungal diseases of forage crops， and pointers for future research.

Key words: biocontrol agent, forage crop, disease, control effect, Meta-analysis

Bo YAO, Rui-fen ZHU, Yuan-dong XU, Wan-bin SUN, Chang LIU, Ji-shan CHEN. Effect of biocontrol agents to control forage crop fungal diseases and factors influencing their effectiveness： A Meta-analysis[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2025, 34(4): 189-200.

Figures/Tables 9

Table 1 The overall results of the random-effects model in Meta-analysis

E	k	P_E	Ci.lb	Ci.ub	Q	P_Q	N
-0.6905	79	<0.0001	-0.7915	-0.5895	23165.92	<0.0001	3343

Table 2 Heterogeneity test of factors

编号Code	影响因素Influencing factor	k	QM	P_QM
A	作物种类Species of forage crop	79	22.06	0.001
B	生防菌种Microbial biocontrol agent	79	37.84	0.080
C	试验类型Type of experiment	79	2.51	0.113
D	菌剂类型Type of biocontrol agent	79	6.32	0.042
E	施用模式Application method	79	8.34	0.080
F	病害类型Type of disease	79	10.42	0.034
G	病原种类Species of pathogen	79	82.42	<0.001
H	施用次数Frequency of application	79	22.37	<0.001
I	菌剂浓度Concentration of the microbial agent	50	30.62	<0.001

Fig.1 Effects of different forage crop species on the control efficacy of biocontrol agents

Fig.2 Effects of different biocontrol agent type on the control efficacy of biocontrol agents

Fig.3 Effects of different disease type on the control efficacy of biocontrol agents

Fig.4 Effects of different pathogens on the control efficacy of biocontrol agents

Fig.5 Effects of different frequency of application on the control efficacy of biocontrol agents

Fig.6 Effects of different concentrations of the microbial agent on the control efficacy of biocontrol agents

Fig.7 Schematic diagram of interaction among biocontrol agents and pathogens， forage crops and environment

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