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Acta Prataculturae Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (9): 26-37.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2024412

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Response of aboveground net primary productivity to plant species richness and identification of the factors of influence

Xu LUO1(), Hui MA2, Cui HAN1, Ya-xin ZHAO1, Ying ZHAO1, Ying-zhong XIE1,3, Jian-ping LI1,3()   

  1. 1.College of Forestry and Prataculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China
    2.Gansu Yasheng Potato Group Co. ,Ltd,Yuzhong 730100,China
    3.Northern Yanchi Desert Steppe Observation and Research Station of Ningxia,Yanchi 751500,China
  • Received:2024-10-22 Revised:2024-12-13 Online:2025-09-20 Published:2025-07-02
  • Contact: Jian-ping LI

Abstract:

The productivity of grassland ecosystems is largely influenced by their dominant and subdominant species. However, relatively few studies have explored the effects of species richness established by different combinations of dominant species and subdominant species on aboveground productivity. Therefore, to explore the direct and indirect driving factors of dominant and subdominant plant community productivity, we conducted monoculture and mixed-culture experiments using three dominant species and seven subdominant species from the Yanchi desert steppe in northern Ningxia. Five degrees of plant species richness (monoculture and 4-, 6-, 8-, and 10-species mixtures) were established, and the aboveground biomass, soil microbial community composition, extracellular enzyme activity, and soil physicochemical properties were investigated in each group. The results show that: 1) Mixtures of both dominant species and subdominant species increased the total relative abundance of the dominant bacterial phyla (Actinobacteriota, Acidobacteriota and Proteobacteria) and dominant fungal phyla (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota), and the increase in the total relative abundance of dominant bacterial phyla was more obvious than that of dominant fungal phyla. 2) The vector length of monocultures and mixed cultures ranged from 1.31 to 1.38, and the vector angle was greater than 45°. Soil microbial metabolism was mainly limited by soil carbon and phosphorus. The nitrogen∶phosphorus was significantly higher in monoculture soil than in 4-species mixed-culture soil (P<0.05). 3) There was a significant positive correlation between aboveground net primary productivity and species richness (P<0.001), and both the complementarity effect and the selection effect made significant positive contributions to the observed net primary aboveground productivity. 4) The structural equation model showed that plant species richness indirectly and positively affected aboveground productivity of the plant community through a selection effect, a complementarity effect, and soil physical and chemical properties. The results of this study provide data support and theoretical guidance for devising strategies to protect grassland biodiversity and strengthen grassland ecosystem restoration.

Key words: plant species richness, microbial community, soil enzyme stoichiometry, soil characteristics, productivity