Mitigation of soil microbial carbon and phosphorus limitations through organic fertilizer and biochar inputs in subtropical cultivated grassland

doi:10.11686/cyxb2025170

Abstract

Abstract:

The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of fertilization on soil enzyme activities and soil enzyme stoichiometry in subtropical cultivated grassland. We conducted a field experiment in which organic fertilizer and biochar were applied to subtropical grassland. Then， changes in soil physicochemical properties were monitored and the impacts of these inputs on soil enzyme activities and enzyme stoichiometric indices were determined. Additionally， microbial nutrient limitations were assessed through determination of the stoichiometric characteristics of soil extracellular enzyme activities. The results show that the application of organic fertilizer and biochar to subtropical cultivated grassland significantly increased the soil organic carbon and total nitrogen contents， as well as soil pH （P<0.05）. The application of organic fertilizer significantly increased β-1，4-glucosidase activity in the 0-10 cm， 10-20 cm， and 20-30 cm soil layers by 36.18%， 37.21%， and 59.30%， respectively （P<0.05）. It also increased β-1，4-N-acetyl aminidinidase activity in the 0-10 cm， 10-20 cm， and 20-30 cm soil layers by 21.16%， 17.25%， and 30.24%， respectively （P<0.05）. Application of biochar significantly increased leuine ameptiase and β-1，4-N-acetyl aminidinidase activity in all three soil layers （P<0.05）. The average ratio of C∶N∶P for enzyme acquisition in subtropical cultivated grassland soil was 1∶1.31∶1.72， deviating from 1∶1∶1， indicating that microorganisms in this area are phosphorus-limited. After fertilization， the vector length and vector angle decreased， suggesting that fertilization can alleviate carbon and phosphorus limitations in the soil of subtropical grassland. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the improvement and management of subtropical cultivated grassland. Our results show that the appropriate application of organic fertilizers or biochar can contribute to the enhancement and restoration of subtropical artificial grassland， thereby alleviating carbon and phosphorus limitation in soil.

Key words: soil enzyme activity, soil enzyme stoichiometry, nutrient limitation, organic fertilizer, biochar

Chang LIU, Ji-shan CHEN, Rui-fen ZHU, Wan-bin SUN, Bo YAO, Shi-kui DONG. Mitigation of soil microbial carbon and phosphorus limitations through organic fertilizer and biochar inputs in subtropical cultivated grassland[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2026, 35(4): 54-66.

Figures/Tables 7

References 80

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项目 Item	0~10 cm			10~20 cm			20~30 cm
项目 Item	CK	O	B	CK	O	B	CK	O	B
土壤含水量Soil moisture content （%）	34.05±0.35c	35.52±0.09b	37.01±0.37a	28.50±0.30b	33.07±0.28a	32.85±0.24a	26.38±0.07c	34.77±0.20a	29.37±0.40b
土壤容重Soil bulk density （g·cm^-3）	1.46±0.01a	1.43±0.01b	1.42±0.02c	1.51±0.02a	1.50±0.03b	1.50±0.02b	1.52±0.03a	1.49±0.02c	1.50±0.03b
pH	4.88±0.01c	6.01±0.03a	5.06±0.02b	5.00±0.01b	5.74±0.01a	5.01±0.02b	4.93±0.06c	5.70±0.02a	5.13±0.04b
土壤铵态氮Soil ammonia nitrogen （mg·kg^-1）	5.19±0.01c	6.54±0.02a	5.50±0.01b	3.39±0.04a	3.20±0.05b	3.33±0.06ab	3.51±0.11b	4.70±0.03a	2.62±0.06c
土壤硝态氮Soil nitric nitrogen （mg·kg^-1）	8.77±0.08b	4.89±0.05c	11.34±0.06a	6.44±0.26b	7.76±0.12a	8.28±0.05a	5.54±0.07b	5.06±0.01c	5.88±0.01a
全氮Total nitrogen （g·kg^-1）	1.92±0.02c	2.11±0.01b	2.25±0.01a	1.65±0.02c	1.78±0.02b	1.91±0.02a	1.58±0.03b	1.61±0.01b	1.65±0.02a
全磷Total phosphorus （g·kg^-1）	0.63±0.01c	0.87±0.01a	0.79±0.01b	0.50±0.01c	0.60±0.03b	0.64±0.03a	0.48±0.03c	0.60±0.01a	0.52±0.01b
全钾Total potassium （g·kg^-1）	14.02±0.06c	14.78±0.04b	15.34±0.05a	14.55±0.01c	15.73±0.03a	15.58±0.02b	14.53±0.02c	14.98±0.04b	15.54±0.03a
碳氮比Carbon to nitrogen ratio	9.05±0.04b	9.21±0.02b	11.22±0.17a	8.48±0.04c	9.24±0.12a	8.81±0.05b	7.95±0.05b	8.36±0.03a	8.39±0.08a
碳磷比Carbon to phosphorus ratio	27.70±0.05b	22.36±0.01c	31.86±0.86a	27.85±0.07a	27.27±0.12b	26.17±0.09c	26.18±0.20a	22.40±0.22b	26.71±0.27a
氮磷比Nitrogen to phosphorus ratio	3.06±0.01a	2.43±0.01c	2.84±0.03b	3.28±0.01a	2.95±0.03b	2.97±0.01b	3.29±0.01a	2.68±0.03b	3.18±0.06a
土壤有机碳Soil organic carbon （g·kg^-1）	17.41±0.05c	19.38±0.01b	25.27±0.46a	14.03±0.04c	16.42±0.19b	16.86±0.07a	12.55±0.08c	13.45±0.07b	13.83±0.05a

项目 Item	0~10 cm			10~20 cm			20~30 cm
项目 Item	CK	O	B	CK	O	B	CK	O	B
土壤含水量Soil moisture content （%）	34.05±0.35c	35.52±0.09b	37.01±0.37a	28.50±0.30b	33.07±0.28a	32.85±0.24a	26.38±0.07c	34.77±0.20a	29.37±0.40b
土壤容重Soil bulk density （g·cm^-3）	1.46±0.01a	1.43±0.01b	1.42±0.02c	1.51±0.02a	1.50±0.03b	1.50±0.02b	1.52±0.03a	1.49±0.02c	1.50±0.03b
pH	4.88±0.01c	6.01±0.03a	5.06±0.02b	5.00±0.01b	5.74±0.01a	5.01±0.02b	4.93±0.06c	5.70±0.02a	5.13±0.04b
土壤铵态氮Soil ammonia nitrogen （mg·kg^-1）	5.19±0.01c	6.54±0.02a	5.50±0.01b	3.39±0.04a	3.20±0.05b	3.33±0.06ab	3.51±0.11b	4.70±0.03a	2.62±0.06c
土壤硝态氮Soil nitric nitrogen （mg·kg^-1）	8.77±0.08b	4.89±0.05c	11.34±0.06a	6.44±0.26b	7.76±0.12a	8.28±0.05a	5.54±0.07b	5.06±0.01c	5.88±0.01a
全氮Total nitrogen （g·kg^-1）	1.92±0.02c	2.11±0.01b	2.25±0.01a	1.65±0.02c	1.78±0.02b	1.91±0.02a	1.58±0.03b	1.61±0.01b	1.65±0.02a
全磷Total phosphorus （g·kg^-1）	0.63±0.01c	0.87±0.01a	0.79±0.01b	0.50±0.01c	0.60±0.03b	0.64±0.03a	0.48±0.03c	0.60±0.01a	0.52±0.01b
全钾Total potassium （g·kg^-1）	14.02±0.06c	14.78±0.04b	15.34±0.05a	14.55±0.01c	15.73±0.03a	15.58±0.02b	14.53±0.02c	14.98±0.04b	15.54±0.03a
碳氮比Carbon to nitrogen ratio	9.05±0.04b	9.21±0.02b	11.22±0.17a	8.48±0.04c	9.24±0.12a	8.81±0.05b	7.95±0.05b	8.36±0.03a	8.39±0.08a
碳磷比Carbon to phosphorus ratio	27.70±0.05b	22.36±0.01c	31.86±0.86a	27.85±0.07a	27.27±0.12b	26.17±0.09c	26.18±0.20a	22.40±0.22b	26.71±0.27a
氮磷比Nitrogen to phosphorus ratio	3.06±0.01a	2.43±0.01c	2.84±0.03b	3.28±0.01a	2.95±0.03b	2.97±0.01b	3.29±0.01a	2.68±0.03b	3.18±0.06a
土壤有机碳Soil organic carbon （g·kg^-1）	17.41±0.05c	19.38±0.01b	25.27±0.46a	14.03±0.04c	16.42±0.19b	16.86±0.07a	12.55±0.08c	13.45±0.07b	13.83±0.05a