Planting and incorporation of smooth vetch together with reduced nitrogen fertilizer application enhances tobacco yield and soil quality

doi:10.11686/cyxb2024453

Abstract

Abstract:

The overall aim of our research was to provide a theoretical basis and technical approach to reduce fertilizer use and improve fertilizer use efficiency during tobacco production in Yunnan. To this end， we conducted an experiment in which different amounts of smooth vetch （Vicia villosa） were incorporated together with reduced application rates of nitrogen fertilizer to tobacco （Nicotiana tabacum）， and the yield and soil quality were evaluated. The field experiment commenced in 2017， and the impacts of planting and incorporating varying amounts of smooth vetch together with 30% and 15% reductions in the nitrogen fertilizer application rate on tobacco yield and soil quality were evaluated in 2022. Compared with the conventional fertilization practice of fallow-tobacco （control-F₁₀₀）， incorporating 22500 to 30000 kg·ha^-1 green manure with a 15% and 30% reduction in the nitrogen fertilizer application rate significantly increased tobacco yield by 4.85%-9.94% （P<0.05）. The incorporation of smooth vetch with reduced nitrogen fertilizer application also improved soil nutrient properties. Specifically， the treatment with 30000 kg·ha^-1 green manure incorporation and a 30% reduction in the nitrogen fertilizer rate resulted in the highest soil organic matter and soluble organic nitrogen contents， which were increased by 28.2% and 242.6%， respectively， compared with those in the control （P<0.05）. Incorporation of smooth vetch at rates of 22500 and 30000 kg·ha^-1， in conjunction with a 30% reduction in the nitrogen application rate， increased the soil quality index by 49.1% and 72.9%， respectively， compared with that in the control （P<0.05）. Under different nitrogen application levels， the activities of hydrolytic enzymes associated with soil carbon， nitrogen， and phosphorus increased with increasing amounts of incorporated green manure. Partial least squares path modeling and random forest analyses indicated that tobacco yield was primarily influenced by the soil organic matter content and enzyme activity. Therefore， planting and incorporating green manure with the linked reduction of nitrogen fertilizer enhanced both tobacco yield and soil quality， with outstanding effects observed at 22500 to 30000 kg·ha^-1 of smooth vetch incorporation with a 30% reduction in nitrogen fertilizer.

Key words: tobacco, green manure, nitrogen fertilizer reduction, yield, soil quality, soil enzyme activity

Wen-jun ZHAO, Ting LIANG, Jian-song WANG, Kui LIU, Yu FENG, Zheng-xu WANG, Zi-he XU, Yun-cong ZHU, Meng-meng SUN, Xiang-wei LI, Li-bo FU, Mei YIN, Guo-peng ZHOU, Hua CHEN, Wei-dong CAO. Planting and incorporation of smooth vetch together with reduced nitrogen fertilizer application enhances tobacco yield and soil quality[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2025, 34(10): 74-84.

Figures/Tables 8

References 36

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处理 Treatment	pH	有机质 Soil organic matter （g·kg^-1）	全氮 Total nitrogen （g·kg^-1）	铵态氮 Ammonium nitrogen （mg·kg^-1）	硝态氮 Nitrate nitrogen （mg·kg^-1）	有效磷 Available phosphorus （mg·kg^-1）	速效钾 Available potassium （mg·kg^-1）	可溶性有机碳 Dissolved organic carbon （mg·kg^-1）	可溶性有机氮 Dissolved organic nitrogen （mg·kg^-1）
CK	6.16±0.10ab	26.0±1.45cd	1.66±0.04b	6.22±0.17d	55±5.63f	42.3±0.66b	380±30.0d	83±7.54b	77±39.4d
F₁₀₀	6.26±0.03a	25.5±1.40d	2.06±0.03a	7.66±0.48d	66±13.60ef	43.3±2.08b	412±6.0cd	81±4.51b	76±19.4d
F₇₀G_0.5	6.00±0.09bc	28.6±1.43bcd	2.10±0.04a	8.62±1.39d	121±7.04bcd	44.6±4.65ab	653±81.9ab	112±9.33a	185±12.2bc
F₇₀G_1.0	6.03±0.01bc	28.9±0.58abcd	2.06±0.12a	14.50±1.00c	140±15.60bc	45.9±2.94ab	583±18.6abc	103±3.02a	191±20.3bc
F₇₀G_1.5	5.95±0.08c	29.2±1.52abcd	2.09±0.15a	18.40±1.02b	101±12.50cde	47.7±3.26ab	625±60.6ab	111±4.58a	221±18.0ab
F₇₀G_2.0	5.95±0.07c	32.7±1.43a	2.17±0.11a	22.60±2.73a	104±18.70cde	50.1±1.31ab	660±48.1ab	113±14.00a	259±13.4a
F₈₅G_0.5	6.12±0.03abc	29.5±0.81abc	2.13±0.07a	7.50±0.05d	90±5.26def	42.2±2.83b	478±91.4bcd	103±5.84a	136±13.4cd
F₈₅G_1.0	5.99±0.05bc	30.6±1.17ab	2.01±0.04a	6.55±0.33d	143±21.30bc	45.9±6.35ab	503±58.6abcd	112±6.78a	228±18.5ab
F₈₅G_1.5	6.01±0.03bc	31.8±1.63ab	1.90±0.19ab	14.10±1.40c	151±13.50b	46.5±0.95ab	590±115.0abc	116±3.00a	209±20.7ab
F₈₅G_2.0	6.01±0.09bc	32.4±1.33ab	1.99±0.06a	6.93±0.61d	250±22.40a	52.9±1.10a	678±81.9a	117±3.37a	242±19.0ab

处理 Treatment	pH	有机质 Soil organic matter （g·kg^-1）	全氮 Total nitrogen （g·kg^-1）	铵态氮 Ammonium nitrogen （mg·kg^-1）	硝态氮 Nitrate nitrogen （mg·kg^-1）	有效磷 Available phosphorus （mg·kg^-1）	速效钾 Available potassium （mg·kg^-1）	可溶性有机碳 Dissolved organic carbon （mg·kg^-1）	可溶性有机氮 Dissolved organic nitrogen （mg·kg^-1）
CK	6.16±0.10ab	26.0±1.45cd	1.66±0.04b	6.22±0.17d	55±5.63f	42.3±0.66b	380±30.0d	83±7.54b	77±39.4d
F₁₀₀	6.26±0.03a	25.5±1.40d	2.06±0.03a	7.66±0.48d	66±13.60ef	43.3±2.08b	412±6.0cd	81±4.51b	76±19.4d
F₇₀G_0.5	6.00±0.09bc	28.6±1.43bcd	2.10±0.04a	8.62±1.39d	121±7.04bcd	44.6±4.65ab	653±81.9ab	112±9.33a	185±12.2bc
F₇₀G_1.0	6.03±0.01bc	28.9±0.58abcd	2.06±0.12a	14.50±1.00c	140±15.60bc	45.9±2.94ab	583±18.6abc	103±3.02a	191±20.3bc
F₇₀G_1.5	5.95±0.08c	29.2±1.52abcd	2.09±0.15a	18.40±1.02b	101±12.50cde	47.7±3.26ab	625±60.6ab	111±4.58a	221±18.0ab
F₇₀G_2.0	5.95±0.07c	32.7±1.43a	2.17±0.11a	22.60±2.73a	104±18.70cde	50.1±1.31ab	660±48.1ab	113±14.00a	259±13.4a
F₈₅G_0.5	6.12±0.03abc	29.5±0.81abc	2.13±0.07a	7.50±0.05d	90±5.26def	42.2±2.83b	478±91.4bcd	103±5.84a	136±13.4cd
F₈₅G_1.0	5.99±0.05bc	30.6±1.17ab	2.01±0.04a	6.55±0.33d	143±21.30bc	45.9±6.35ab	503±58.6abcd	112±6.78a	228±18.5ab
F₈₅G_1.5	6.01±0.03bc	31.8±1.63ab	1.90±0.19ab	14.10±1.40c	151±13.50b	46.5±0.95ab	590±115.0abc	116±3.00a	209±20.7ab
F₈₅G_2.0	6.01±0.09bc	32.4±1.33ab	1.99±0.06a	6.93±0.61d	250±22.40a	52.9±1.10a	678±81.9a	117±3.37a	242±19.0ab

处理 Treatment	碳转化相关酶 Carbon-related enzyme activities				氮转化相关酶 Nitrogen-related enzyme activities		磷转化相关酶 Phosphorus-related enzyme activities
处理 Treatment	β-葡萄糖苷酶 β-glucosidase	β-纤维二糖苷酶 β-cellobiosidase	β-木糖苷酶 β-xylosidase	α-葡萄糖苷酶 α-glucosidases	乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶Acetylglucosaminidase	亮氨酸氨基肽酶Leucine aminopeptidase	碱性磷酸酶 Alkaline phosphatase
CK	26.5±1.72bc	1.62±0.16c	2.51±0.27d	0.96±0.07f	7.6±0.25e	514±9.57d	509±20.3f
F₁₀₀	28.1±0.86b	1.82±0.24bc	2.62±0.41d	1.42±0.22ef	10.6±0.74cd	568±8.24cd	606±11.4cde
F₇₀G_0.5	24.2±1.33bc	1.75±0.11bc	3.39±0.13d	1.52±0.11e	7.9±0.31e	534±8.33d	534±11.6ef
F₇₀G_1.0	28.7±1.64b	2.19±0.07abc	4.84±0.44c	1.87±0.04de	9.2±0.30de	564±4.32cd	580±9.9def
F₇₀G_1.5	36.6±2.50a	2.24±0.14abc	6.86±0.15b	2.31±0.02cd	11.6±0.90bc	616±7.99bc	645±39.4cd
F₇₀G_2.0	40.8±3.91a	2.72±0.07a	8.66±0.47a	2.71±0.13bc	15.7±1.05a	680±20.40b	835±30.4a
F₈₅G_0.5	20.9±3.23c	1.94±0.06bc	3.41±0.46d	1.99±0.02d	7.9±0.91e	520±0.88d	630±36.0cd
F₈₅G_1.0	29.8±0.52b	2.33±0.17ab	5.86±0.26bc	2.22±0.04d	12.5±0.49bc	579±28.60cd	666±4.4c
F₈₅G_1.5	30.1±0.74b	2.72±0.52a	5.95±0.56b	2.91±0.18b	12.8±0.31b	655±17.90b	675±13.5bc
F₈₅G_2.0	36.5±0.98a	2.74±0.13a	8.52±0.13a	3.52±0.37a	16.8±0.79a	762±64.50a	756±54.8ab

处理 Treatment	碳转化相关酶 Carbon-related enzyme activities				氮转化相关酶 Nitrogen-related enzyme activities		磷转化相关酶 Phosphorus-related enzyme activities
处理 Treatment	β-葡萄糖苷酶 β-glucosidase	β-纤维二糖苷酶 β-cellobiosidase	β-木糖苷酶 β-xylosidase	α-葡萄糖苷酶 α-glucosidases	乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶Acetylglucosaminidase	亮氨酸氨基肽酶Leucine aminopeptidase	碱性磷酸酶 Alkaline phosphatase
CK	26.5±1.72bc	1.62±0.16c	2.51±0.27d	0.96±0.07f	7.6±0.25e	514±9.57d	509±20.3f
F₁₀₀	28.1±0.86b	1.82±0.24bc	2.62±0.41d	1.42±0.22ef	10.6±0.74cd	568±8.24cd	606±11.4cde
F₇₀G_0.5	24.2±1.33bc	1.75±0.11bc	3.39±0.13d	1.52±0.11e	7.9±0.31e	534±8.33d	534±11.6ef
F₇₀G_1.0	28.7±1.64b	2.19±0.07abc	4.84±0.44c	1.87±0.04de	9.2±0.30de	564±4.32cd	580±9.9def
F₇₀G_1.5	36.6±2.50a	2.24±0.14abc	6.86±0.15b	2.31±0.02cd	11.6±0.90bc	616±7.99bc	645±39.4cd
F₇₀G_2.0	40.8±3.91a	2.72±0.07a	8.66±0.47a	2.71±0.13bc	15.7±1.05a	680±20.40b	835±30.4a
F₈₅G_0.5	20.9±3.23c	1.94±0.06bc	3.41±0.46d	1.99±0.02d	7.9±0.91e	520±0.88d	630±36.0cd
F₈₅G_1.0	29.8±0.52b	2.33±0.17ab	5.86±0.26bc	2.22±0.04d	12.5±0.49bc	579±28.60cd	666±4.4c
F₈₅G_1.5	30.1±0.74b	2.72±0.52a	5.95±0.56b	2.91±0.18b	12.8±0.31b	655±17.90b	675±13.5bc
F₈₅G_2.0	36.5±0.98a	2.74±0.13a	8.52±0.13a	3.52±0.37a	16.8±0.79a	762±64.50a	756±54.8ab