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Acta Prataculturae Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (5): 190-202.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2022207

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Function of high-affinity potassium transporters in maintaining ion homeostasis and other plant responses to abiotic stresses

Xiao-han YANG(), Guo-qiang WU(), Ming WEI, Bei-chen WANG   

  1. School of Life Science and Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China
  • Received:2022-05-06 Revised:2022-06-27 Online:2023-05-20 Published:2023-03-20
  • Contact: Guo-qiang WU

Abstract:

Potassium ions (K+play an important role in plant growth and development as well as in resistance to various abiotic stresses. High-affinity K+ transporters (HKT) are one of the most important cation transporter families, and the members of this family are extensively involved in the absorption and transport of K+ and sodium ions (Na+) in plants. Many studies have shown that the expression of HKT family genes is regulated by several factors, such as calcium ions (Ca2+), humic acid, and cytosine methylation. The HKT proteins mediate long-distance Na+ transport, maintain homeostasis of K+ and magnesium ions (Mg2+), and play a key role in abiotic stress tolerance in plants. In this review, we summarize the results of research on the discovery of HKT family members, their structure and classification, biological function, gene expression patterns, regulatory mechanisms, and their roles in responses to abiotic stresses. We also propose directions for further research. The information in this review provides a theoretical basis and identifies genetic resources for the genetic improvement of crops to produce new, stress-resistant varieties.

Key words: high-affinity K+ transporter, Na+/K+ balance, ion homeostasis, Na+ long-distance transport, salt tolerance