Vegetation and soil microbial diversity and their relationships with soil factors in different grassland types of the three river headwaters region

doi:10.11686/cyxb2024223

Abstract

Abstract:

Grassland biodiversity is the basis for maintaining the function and stability of grassland ecosystems. Understanding the diversity of vegetation and soil microorganisms in different grassland types and their influencing factors can help to formulate scientific conservation and restoration strategies. In this study， we investigated the characteristics of vegetation and soil microbial diversity of different grassland types and analyzed their relationships with soil environmental factors by combining field vegetation community surveys and amplicon sequencing， for different grassland types in the Three-River Headwaters Region. It was found that alpine meadows， alpine steppe and temperate steppe in the Three-River Headwaters Region had significant differences in vegetation community characteristics， soil microbial diversity characteristics and soil physicochemical properties. Alpine meadows had higher vegetation cover and biomass （P<0.05）， while temperate steppe had the greatest vegetation height （P<0.05）. For soil fungi， the Faith’s-pd index was significantly greater in alpine meadows than in temperate steppe and alpine steppe （P<0.05）， whereas the Simpson and Shannon-Wiener indices were significantly lower than in temperate steppe and alpine steppe （P<0.05）； and for soil bacteria， the Chao1 and Faith’s-pd indices were significantly lower in alpine steppe than in temperate steppe and alpine meadows （P<0.05）， while the differences between Simpson and Shannon-Wiener indices were not significant （P>0.05）. Soil environmental factors had significant effects on vegetation and soil microbial communities in the different grassland types， among which pH， soil organic carbon content and soil total nitrogen content were one of the main factors of influence. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for biodiversity conservation and ecological restoration of different types of grasslands in the Three-River Headwaters Region.

Key words: the three river headwaters region, vegetation characteristics, soil microorganism, species diversity, high-throughput sequencing

Shou-xing WANG, Hua-kun ZHOU, Li-peng OU, Cheng-xian LI, Yan-he WANG, Xiao-chun NING, Qiang GU, Dai-jun WEI, Ming-xin YANG. Vegetation and soil microbial diversity and their relationships with soil factors in different grassland types of the three river headwaters region[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2025, 34(4): 16-26.

Figures/Tables 6

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特征指标Characteristic index	高寒草原Alpine steppe	温性草原Temperate steppe	高寒草甸Alpine meadow
盖度Coverage （%）	69.61±8.82b	58.56±14.70c	91.13±6.76a
高度Height （cm）	3.49±0.75c	19.99±7.24a	8.31±4.62b
生物量Biomass （g·m^-2）	98.66±17.65c	197.51±63.61b	251.41±101.40a
Simpson指数Simpson index	0.87±0.02b	0.74±0.10c	0.93±0.02a
Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index	2.15±0.16b	1.57±0.42c	2.89±0.27a
Pielou 指数Pielou index	0.95±0.02a	0.89±0.04b	0.95±0.02a
优势种Dominant species	紫花针茅S. purpurea、早熟禾P. annua、青藏薹草Carex moorcroftii	芨芨草N. splendens、西北针茅S. sareptana	高山嵩草C. parvula、藏嵩草C. tibetikobresia、高原毛茛Ranunculus tanguticus

特征指标Characteristic index	高寒草原Alpine steppe	温性草原Temperate steppe	高寒草甸Alpine meadow
盖度Coverage （%）	69.61±8.82b	58.56±14.70c	91.13±6.76a
高度Height （cm）	3.49±0.75c	19.99±7.24a	8.31±4.62b
生物量Biomass （g·m^-2）	98.66±17.65c	197.51±63.61b	251.41±101.40a
Simpson指数Simpson index	0.87±0.02b	0.74±0.10c	0.93±0.02a
Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index	2.15±0.16b	1.57±0.42c	2.89±0.27a
Pielou 指数Pielou index	0.95±0.02a	0.89±0.04b	0.95±0.02a
优势种Dominant species	紫花针茅S. purpurea、早熟禾P. annua、青藏薹草Carex moorcroftii	芨芨草N. splendens、西北针茅S. sareptana	高山嵩草C. parvula、藏嵩草C. tibetikobresia、高原毛茛Ranunculus tanguticus

理化指标 Physicochemical indicators	高寒草原 Alpine steppe	温性草原 Temperate steppe	高寒草甸 Alpine meadow
pH	8.53±0.13a	8.56±0.17a	6.22±0.27b
SOC （g·kg^-1）	15.82±4.14b	8.27±5.80c	40.86±16.95a
N （g·kg^-1）	1.97±0.45b	1.52±0.64c	5.02±0.65a
P （g·kg^-1）	1.88±0.30a	1.70±0.33a	1.68±0.30a
K （g·kg^-1）	16.34±1.12c	18.42±1.67b	19.48±0.55a

理化指标 Physicochemical indicators	高寒草原 Alpine steppe	温性草原 Temperate steppe	高寒草甸 Alpine meadow
pH	8.53±0.13a	8.56±0.17a	6.22±0.27b
SOC （g·kg^-1）	15.82±4.14b	8.27±5.80c	40.86±16.95a
N （g·kg^-1）	1.97±0.45b	1.52±0.64c	5.02±0.65a
P （g·kg^-1）	1.88±0.30a	1.70±0.33a	1.68±0.30a
K （g·kg^-1）	16.34±1.12c	18.42±1.67b	19.48±0.55a

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