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Acta Prataculturae Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (5): 212-224.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025205

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Progress in research on the impact of grazing on symbiotic nitrogen fixation of plant root nodules

Meng YAN1(), Ying-zhi GAO1,2()   

  1. 1.College of Grassland Science,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology of Western Arid Desert Area of the Ministry of Education,Urumqi 830052,China
    2.Institute of Grassland Science,Northeast Normal University,Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education,Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station,State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration,Changchun 130024,China
  • Received:2025-05-21 Revised:2025-07-07 Online:2026-05-20 Published:2026-03-11
  • Contact: Ying-zhi GAO

Abstract:

Symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) mediated by root nodules is crucial for maintaining the balance of the nitrogen cycle and ecosystem stability in grasslands. As a common grassland management practice, grazing exerts complex and profound effects on plant nodulation and SNF. This review comprehensively summarizes the mechanisms by which grazing influences SNF. Grazing modulates the SNF process multidimensionally via both biotic and abiotic factors. Biotic factors, including herbivore foraging, trampling, and activities of small invertebrates, alter plant community structure, microbial habitats, and soil microecology, thereby either enhancing or suppressing nodulation and SNF. Simultaneously, grazing modifies abiotic factors such as soil temperature, moisture, pH, and soil nutrients, reshaping the external environment for rhizobia-plant symbioses and consequently influencing the SNF process. Most studies indicate that moderate grazing can promote nodule formation and improve nitrogen-fixation efficiency, whereas overgrazing often damages nodule structure and function, leading to reduced SNF performance. By examining the impact of grazing on SNF from the novel perspective of root nodule-mediated SNF, this review provides mechanistic insights that can inform scientific grazing management strategies. These findings offer a theoretical foundation for optimizing grazing practices to support sustainable grassland resource utilization.

Key words: grazing, plant root nodules, symbiotic nitrogen fixation, nitrogen fixation efficiency, grazing management