草业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (8): 74-85.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2023362
桑瑞娟1(), 崔超杰4(), 何云5, 张晓霞6, 姚晋1, 董春阳1, 孙浩1,2,3, 史莹华1,2,3, 朱晓艳1,2,3, 李德锋1,2,3()
收稿日期:
2023-09-26
修回日期:
2023-10-30
出版日期:
2024-08-20
发布日期:
2024-05-13
通讯作者:
李德锋
作者简介:
E-mail: Leadephone@126.com基金资助:
Rui-juan SANG1(), Chao-jie CUI4(), Yun HE5, Xiao-xia ZHANG6, Jin YAO1, Chun-yang DONG1, Hao SUN1,2,3, Ying-hua SHI1,2,3, Xiao-yan ZHU1,2,3, De-feng LI1,2,3()
Received:
2023-09-26
Revised:
2023-10-30
Online:
2024-08-20
Published:
2024-05-13
Contact:
De-feng LI
摘要:
为了解秋播饲用燕麦在豫北地区的抗倒伏特性和生产性能,本研究测定了18个品种的干草产量、分蘖数、越冬率和不同时期倒伏率,分析了燕麦倒伏与株高、穗位高及茎秆形态的关系。结果表明:80%的燕麦品种从抽穗期开始倒伏,乳熟中期收获时倒伏率为10.0%~95.0%,其中,贝利和大富豪两个品种倒伏率较低;第1节和第2节茎粗、第2节干重等反映茎秆强度的指标与倒伏率呈显著负相关(P<0.05);18个燕麦品种生育期为182~207 d,干草产量、株高、越冬率和返青期分蘖数分别为11.99~20.46 t·hm-2、1.11~1.52 m、83.7%~96.6%和5.3~8.5个·株-1,贝利、爱沃和燕王3个品种干草产量较高,达20 t·hm-2。综合抗倒伏特性、干草产量和营养品质,本研究认为贝利、燕王和大富豪3个品种适宜在豫北地区秋播种植。
桑瑞娟, 崔超杰, 何云, 张晓霞, 姚晋, 董春阳, 孙浩, 史莹华, 朱晓艳, 李德锋. 豫北地区18个秋播饲用燕麦品种抗倒伏特性及生产性能评价[J]. 草业学报, 2024, 33(8): 74-85.
Rui-juan SANG, Chao-jie CUI, Yun HE, Xiao-xia ZHANG, Jin YAO, Chun-yang DONG, Hao SUN, Ying-hua SHI, Xiao-yan ZHU, De-feng LI. Lodging resistance and production performance of 18 autumn-sown forage oat varieties in northern Henan Province[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2024, 33(8): 74-85.
品种 Varieties | 发芽率 Germination rate (%) | 净度 Purity (%) | 千粒重 1000-grain weight (g) | 播种量 Seeding rate (kg·hm-2) | 原产地 Origin |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ESK | 47.0 | 96.9 | 34.3 | 197.4 | 澳大利亚Australia |
LAMPTON | 65.0 | 94.6 | 36.5 | 145.8 | 澳大利亚Australia |
爱沃Everleaf | 75.0 | 96.5 | 33.2 | 125.0 | 美国America |
贝利Baler | 90.0 | 97.8 | 44.4 | 102.0 | 加拿大Canada |
贝利2 Baler 2 | 41.0 | 89.3 | 40.1 | 246.6 | 加拿大Canada |
贝勒2号Baler Ⅱ | 51.0 | 98.8 | 40.1 | 178.6 | 加拿大Canada |
大富豪Millionaire | 56.0 | 95.8 | 41.9 | 167.4 | 加拿大Canada |
海威Haiwee | 81.0 | 92.8 | 44.5 | 119.5 | 加拿大Canada |
伽利略Galileo | 61.0 | 98.6 | 27.0 | 149.0 | 澳大利亚Australia |
兰普顿Lampton | 47.0 | 86.5 | 41.0 | 220.1 | 澳大利亚Australia |
凯速Souris | 81.0 | 82.3 | 35.7 | 135.5 | 美国America |
蒙特Mengte | 58.0 | 92.8 | 40.5 | 166.9 | 美国America |
莫妮达Monida | 98.0 | 79.2 | 32.2 | 116.3 | 加拿大Canada |
牧王Haymaker | 90.0 | 96.0 | 44.2 | 104.2 | 加拿大Canada |
挑战者Challengers | 64.0 | 93.0 | 38.0 | 151.2 | 加拿大Canada |
甜燕1号Sweety | 78.0 | 97.4 | 55.7 | 119.0 | 加拿大Canada |
甜燕2号Haywire | 44.0 | 99.4 | 39.3 | 206.6 | 加拿大Canada |
燕王Forage Plus | 80.0 | 96.8 | 31.8 | 116.0 | 美国America |
表1 18个燕麦品种发芽率、净度、千粒重、播种量及原产地
Table 1 Germination rate, purity, thousand grain weight, seeding rate and origin of the 18 oat varieties
品种 Varieties | 发芽率 Germination rate (%) | 净度 Purity (%) | 千粒重 1000-grain weight (g) | 播种量 Seeding rate (kg·hm-2) | 原产地 Origin |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ESK | 47.0 | 96.9 | 34.3 | 197.4 | 澳大利亚Australia |
LAMPTON | 65.0 | 94.6 | 36.5 | 145.8 | 澳大利亚Australia |
爱沃Everleaf | 75.0 | 96.5 | 33.2 | 125.0 | 美国America |
贝利Baler | 90.0 | 97.8 | 44.4 | 102.0 | 加拿大Canada |
贝利2 Baler 2 | 41.0 | 89.3 | 40.1 | 246.6 | 加拿大Canada |
贝勒2号Baler Ⅱ | 51.0 | 98.8 | 40.1 | 178.6 | 加拿大Canada |
大富豪Millionaire | 56.0 | 95.8 | 41.9 | 167.4 | 加拿大Canada |
海威Haiwee | 81.0 | 92.8 | 44.5 | 119.5 | 加拿大Canada |
伽利略Galileo | 61.0 | 98.6 | 27.0 | 149.0 | 澳大利亚Australia |
兰普顿Lampton | 47.0 | 86.5 | 41.0 | 220.1 | 澳大利亚Australia |
凯速Souris | 81.0 | 82.3 | 35.7 | 135.5 | 美国America |
蒙特Mengte | 58.0 | 92.8 | 40.5 | 166.9 | 美国America |
莫妮达Monida | 98.0 | 79.2 | 32.2 | 116.3 | 加拿大Canada |
牧王Haymaker | 90.0 | 96.0 | 44.2 | 104.2 | 加拿大Canada |
挑战者Challengers | 64.0 | 93.0 | 38.0 | 151.2 | 加拿大Canada |
甜燕1号Sweety | 78.0 | 97.4 | 55.7 | 119.0 | 加拿大Canada |
甜燕2号Haywire | 44.0 | 99.4 | 39.3 | 206.6 | 加拿大Canada |
燕王Forage Plus | 80.0 | 96.8 | 31.8 | 116.0 | 美国America |
品种 Varieties | 抽穗期Heading stage (Month-day) | 乳熟中期Mid-milk maturity (Month-day) | 生育期Growth period (d) | 熟性 Maturity | 分蘖数Tiller number (No·plant-1) | 越冬率Winter survival rate (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
蒙特Mengte | 04-05 | 04-28 | 182 | 特早熟SEM | 7.9±1.8abcd | 96.1±5.5a |
兰普顿Lampton | 04-23 | 05-12 | 196 | 早熟EM | 6.6±0.6abcd | 92.0±7.2a |
LAMPTON | 04-28 | 05-12 | 196 | 早熟EM | 8.4±0.4ab | 95.3±6.1a |
挑战者Challengers | 04-28 | 05-12 | 196 | 早熟EM | 7.0±2.0abcd | 96.6±4.9a |
海威Haiwee | 04-29 | 05-12 | 196 | 早熟EM | 6.7±0.7abcd | 83.7±7.2a |
ESK | 05-01 | 05-12 | 196 | 早熟EM | 8.5±3.0a | 92.9±7.1a |
莫妮达Monida | 05-01 | 05-12 | 196 | 早熟EM | 7.6±1.8abcd | 87.5±2.4a |
凯速Souris | 05-02 | 05-12 | 196 | 早熟EM | 6.7±2.3abcd | 92.9±9.4a |
伽利略Galileo | 04-30 | 05-15 | 199 | 中熟MM | 8.1±1.7abc | 94.6±6.4a |
甜燕2号Haywire | 05-03 | 05-15 | 199 | 中熟MM | 5.7±0.4bcd | 91.0±10.8a |
大富豪Millionaire | 05-01 | 05-19 | 203 | 中熟MM | 6.9±1.3abcd | 89.7±6.9a |
燕王Forage Plus | 05-02 | 05-23 | 207 | 晚熟LM | 5.3±1.5d | 88.9±10.7a |
甜燕1号Sweety | 05-02 | 05-23 | 207 | 晚熟LM | 6.2±1.1abcd | 87.8±8.6a |
贝勒2号 Baler Ⅱ | 05-06 | 05-23 | 207 | 晚熟LM | 8.1±0.9abc | 94.9±5.9a |
贝利Baler | 05-06 | 05-23 | 207 | 晚熟LM | 6.6±0.9abcd | 94.3±7.1a |
贝利2 Baler 2 | 05-07 | 05-23 | 207 | 晚熟LM | 7.4±1.1abcd | 94.4±5.5a |
牧王Haymaker | 05-03 | 05-23 | 207 | 晚熟LM | 5.9±1.7abcd | 93.1±8.4a |
爱沃Everleaf | 05-09 | 05-23 | 207 | 晚熟LM | 5.7±0.2cd | 92.5±8.2a |
表2 18个燕麦品种生育期、熟性、分蘖数与越冬率
Table 2 The growth period, maturity, tiller number and winter survival rate of the 18 oat varieties
品种 Varieties | 抽穗期Heading stage (Month-day) | 乳熟中期Mid-milk maturity (Month-day) | 生育期Growth period (d) | 熟性 Maturity | 分蘖数Tiller number (No·plant-1) | 越冬率Winter survival rate (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
蒙特Mengte | 04-05 | 04-28 | 182 | 特早熟SEM | 7.9±1.8abcd | 96.1±5.5a |
兰普顿Lampton | 04-23 | 05-12 | 196 | 早熟EM | 6.6±0.6abcd | 92.0±7.2a |
LAMPTON | 04-28 | 05-12 | 196 | 早熟EM | 8.4±0.4ab | 95.3±6.1a |
挑战者Challengers | 04-28 | 05-12 | 196 | 早熟EM | 7.0±2.0abcd | 96.6±4.9a |
海威Haiwee | 04-29 | 05-12 | 196 | 早熟EM | 6.7±0.7abcd | 83.7±7.2a |
ESK | 05-01 | 05-12 | 196 | 早熟EM | 8.5±3.0a | 92.9±7.1a |
莫妮达Monida | 05-01 | 05-12 | 196 | 早熟EM | 7.6±1.8abcd | 87.5±2.4a |
凯速Souris | 05-02 | 05-12 | 196 | 早熟EM | 6.7±2.3abcd | 92.9±9.4a |
伽利略Galileo | 04-30 | 05-15 | 199 | 中熟MM | 8.1±1.7abc | 94.6±6.4a |
甜燕2号Haywire | 05-03 | 05-15 | 199 | 中熟MM | 5.7±0.4bcd | 91.0±10.8a |
大富豪Millionaire | 05-01 | 05-19 | 203 | 中熟MM | 6.9±1.3abcd | 89.7±6.9a |
燕王Forage Plus | 05-02 | 05-23 | 207 | 晚熟LM | 5.3±1.5d | 88.9±10.7a |
甜燕1号Sweety | 05-02 | 05-23 | 207 | 晚熟LM | 6.2±1.1abcd | 87.8±8.6a |
贝勒2号 Baler Ⅱ | 05-06 | 05-23 | 207 | 晚熟LM | 8.1±0.9abc | 94.9±5.9a |
贝利Baler | 05-06 | 05-23 | 207 | 晚熟LM | 6.6±0.9abcd | 94.3±7.1a |
贝利2 Baler 2 | 05-07 | 05-23 | 207 | 晚熟LM | 7.4±1.1abcd | 94.4±5.5a |
牧王Haymaker | 05-03 | 05-23 | 207 | 晚熟LM | 5.9±1.7abcd | 93.1±8.4a |
爱沃Everleaf | 05-09 | 05-23 | 207 | 晚熟LM | 5.7±0.2cd | 92.5±8.2a |
品种 Varieties | 株高 Plant height (m) | 鲜草产量 Fresh yield (t·hm–2) | 干草产量 Hay yield (t·hm–2) | 干鲜比 Dry/fresh | 茎叶比 Stem/leaf |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
贝利Baler | 1.50±0.05a | 73.60±3.33bc | 20.46±1.87a | 0.28±0.02a | 2.15±1.16abc |
爱沃Everleaf | 1.32±0.03bc | 74.83±4.54abc | 19.89±3.06a | 0.27±0.04ab | 1.03±0.33c |
燕王Forage Plus | 1.33±0.10bc | 72.39±20.51bc | 19.52±4.55a | 0.26±0.02ab | 1.76±0.79abc |
大富豪Millionaire | 1.34±0.03bc | 72.64±1.14bc | 19.19±0.93ab | 0.26±0.02ab | 0.96±0.27c |
贝利2 Baler 2 | 1.52±0.03a | 61.91±7.82cde | 17.17±2.65abc | 0.28±0.03a | 1.20±0.12bc |
牧王Haymaker | 1.47±0.02ab | 62.45±12.83cde | 16.75±2.40abc | 0.28±0.04a | 1.11±0.26bc |
伽利略Galileo | 1.30±0.02bc | 76.63±11.95ab | 15.68±3.90bcd | 0.20±0.03de | 1.36±0.26abc |
贝勒2号Baler Ⅱ | 1.49±0.06a | 62.43±5.54cde | 15.67±1.82bcd | 0.25±0.03abc | 0.86±0.42c |
LAMPTON | 1.29±0.29bc | 67.23±11.32bcd | 15.63±2.84bcd | 0.23±0.01bcd | 2.27±1.51abc |
海威Haiwee | 1.34±0.26abc | 72.34±4.20bc | 15.56±0.82bcd | 0.22±0.02cd | 2.90±1.27a |
甜燕1号Sweety | 1.45±0.03ab | 58.31±5.85de | 15.32±1.32cd | 0.26±0.02ab | 1.38±0.37abc |
凯速Souris | 1.24±0.24bc | 88.03±3.13a | 15.09±2.50cd | 0.17±0.02e | 2.40±2.26abc |
ESK | 1.11±0.21bc | 80.18±11.47ab | 15.06±2.22cd | 0.19±0.01de | 1.57±0.81abc |
兰普顿Lampton | 1.13±0.29bc | 51.30±3.52e | 14.98±1.18cd | 0.29±0.04a | 1.03±0.29c |
蒙特Mengte | 1.15±0.02c | 51.35±2.56e | 14.25±1.10cd | 0.28±0.02a | 1.64±0.13abc |
甜燕2号Haywire | 1.32±0.06bc | 67.14±2.99bcd | 12.61±1.65d | 0.19±0.03de | 1.17±0.13bc |
莫妮达Monida | 1.21±0.28bc | 74.82±8.02abc | 12.52±1.68d | 0.17±0.01e | 1.34±0.14abc |
挑战者Challengers | 1.17±0.08c | 57.76±4.69de | 11.99±1.11d | 0.21±0.02de | 2.79±2.66ab |
表3 18个燕麦品种生产性能
Table 3 Production performance of the 18 oat varieties
品种 Varieties | 株高 Plant height (m) | 鲜草产量 Fresh yield (t·hm–2) | 干草产量 Hay yield (t·hm–2) | 干鲜比 Dry/fresh | 茎叶比 Stem/leaf |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
贝利Baler | 1.50±0.05a | 73.60±3.33bc | 20.46±1.87a | 0.28±0.02a | 2.15±1.16abc |
爱沃Everleaf | 1.32±0.03bc | 74.83±4.54abc | 19.89±3.06a | 0.27±0.04ab | 1.03±0.33c |
燕王Forage Plus | 1.33±0.10bc | 72.39±20.51bc | 19.52±4.55a | 0.26±0.02ab | 1.76±0.79abc |
大富豪Millionaire | 1.34±0.03bc | 72.64±1.14bc | 19.19±0.93ab | 0.26±0.02ab | 0.96±0.27c |
贝利2 Baler 2 | 1.52±0.03a | 61.91±7.82cde | 17.17±2.65abc | 0.28±0.03a | 1.20±0.12bc |
牧王Haymaker | 1.47±0.02ab | 62.45±12.83cde | 16.75±2.40abc | 0.28±0.04a | 1.11±0.26bc |
伽利略Galileo | 1.30±0.02bc | 76.63±11.95ab | 15.68±3.90bcd | 0.20±0.03de | 1.36±0.26abc |
贝勒2号Baler Ⅱ | 1.49±0.06a | 62.43±5.54cde | 15.67±1.82bcd | 0.25±0.03abc | 0.86±0.42c |
LAMPTON | 1.29±0.29bc | 67.23±11.32bcd | 15.63±2.84bcd | 0.23±0.01bcd | 2.27±1.51abc |
海威Haiwee | 1.34±0.26abc | 72.34±4.20bc | 15.56±0.82bcd | 0.22±0.02cd | 2.90±1.27a |
甜燕1号Sweety | 1.45±0.03ab | 58.31±5.85de | 15.32±1.32cd | 0.26±0.02ab | 1.38±0.37abc |
凯速Souris | 1.24±0.24bc | 88.03±3.13a | 15.09±2.50cd | 0.17±0.02e | 2.40±2.26abc |
ESK | 1.11±0.21bc | 80.18±11.47ab | 15.06±2.22cd | 0.19±0.01de | 1.57±0.81abc |
兰普顿Lampton | 1.13±0.29bc | 51.30±3.52e | 14.98±1.18cd | 0.29±0.04a | 1.03±0.29c |
蒙特Mengte | 1.15±0.02c | 51.35±2.56e | 14.25±1.10cd | 0.28±0.02a | 1.64±0.13abc |
甜燕2号Haywire | 1.32±0.06bc | 67.14±2.99bcd | 12.61±1.65d | 0.19±0.03de | 1.17±0.13bc |
莫妮达Monida | 1.21±0.28bc | 74.82±8.02abc | 12.52±1.68d | 0.17±0.01e | 1.34±0.14abc |
挑战者Challengers | 1.17±0.08c | 57.76±4.69de | 11.99±1.11d | 0.21±0.02de | 2.79±2.66ab |
品种 Varieties | 倒伏率Lodging rate (%) | 穗位高 Ear height (m) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
孕穗期Booting stage | 抽穗期Heading stage | 乳熟初期Early-milk maturity | 乳熟中期Mid-milk maturity | ||
LAMPTON | 37.5±5.6a | 66.3±23.3a | 90.0±0.0a | 95.0±3.5a | 1.04±0.07bcde |
ESK | 6.3±5.8c | 51.3±29.7ab | 87.5±4.3a | 88.8±6.5ab | 1.00±0.02de |
兰普顿Lampton | 38.8±19.5a | 50.0±23.5ab | 75.0±8.7abc | 77.5±16.8abc | 1.03±0.03cde |
甜燕2号Haywire | 7.0±7.5c | 21.3±15.2cdef | 78.8±11.4ab | 76.3±10.8abc | 1.12±0.05abc |
伽利略Galileo | 27.5±13.5ab | 33.8±7.4bc | 52.5±22.8cd | 72.5±24.9abc | 1.11±0.04abcd |
海威Haiwee | 1.3±2.2c | 3.8±6.5f | 55.0±21.8bcd | 62.5±27.7bcd | 1.12±0.03abc |
凯速Souris | 0.8±1.3c | 7.5±8.3ef | 60.0±21.5bcd | 61.3±23.0bcd | 1.08±0.01abcd |
甜燕1号Sweety | 3.3±4.0c | 2.5±4.3f | 23.8±15.2efg | 40.0±14.1def | 1.11±0.06abcd |
挑战者Challengers | 0.0±0.0c | 1.3±2.2f | 27.5±19.2ef | 32.5±26.1ef | 0.96±0.04e |
蒙特Mengte | 0.0±0.0c | 10.0±7.9def | 22.5±5.6efg | 30.0±7.9ef | 0.97±0.01e |
燕王Forage plus | 0.0±0.0c | 0.0±0.0f | 11.3±9.6fg | 28.8±7.4ef | 1.12±0.02abc |
贝利2 Baler 2 | 1.3±2.2c | 8.8±7.4def | 10.0±7.9fg | 21.3±7.4f | 1.14±0.03ab |
莫妮达Monida | 0.0±0.0c | 12.5±8.3cdef | 18.8±10.2fg | 21.3±17.1f | 1.05±0.02bcde |
贝勒2号 Baler Ⅱ | 0.8±0.8c | 1.3±2.2f | 5.0±8.7fg | 18.8±10.2f | 1.17±0.02a |
牧王Haymaker | 0.0±0.0c | 0.0±0.0f | 1.3±2.2g | 17.5±7.5f | 1.19±0.02a |
爱沃Everleaf | 0.0±0.0c | 0.0±0.0f | 10.0±12.2fg | 16.3±11.4f | 1.11±0.03abcd |
大富豪Millionaire | 0.0±0.0c | 3.8±4.1f | 2.5±2.5fg | 13.8±7.4f | 1.15±0.05ab |
贝利 Baler | 0.0±0.0c | 2.5±4.3f | 7.5±8.3fg | 10.0±6.1f | 1.12±0.07abc |
表4 18个燕麦品种倒伏率及穗位高
Table 4 Lodging rate and ear height of the 18 oat varieties
品种 Varieties | 倒伏率Lodging rate (%) | 穗位高 Ear height (m) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
孕穗期Booting stage | 抽穗期Heading stage | 乳熟初期Early-milk maturity | 乳熟中期Mid-milk maturity | ||
LAMPTON | 37.5±5.6a | 66.3±23.3a | 90.0±0.0a | 95.0±3.5a | 1.04±0.07bcde |
ESK | 6.3±5.8c | 51.3±29.7ab | 87.5±4.3a | 88.8±6.5ab | 1.00±0.02de |
兰普顿Lampton | 38.8±19.5a | 50.0±23.5ab | 75.0±8.7abc | 77.5±16.8abc | 1.03±0.03cde |
甜燕2号Haywire | 7.0±7.5c | 21.3±15.2cdef | 78.8±11.4ab | 76.3±10.8abc | 1.12±0.05abc |
伽利略Galileo | 27.5±13.5ab | 33.8±7.4bc | 52.5±22.8cd | 72.5±24.9abc | 1.11±0.04abcd |
海威Haiwee | 1.3±2.2c | 3.8±6.5f | 55.0±21.8bcd | 62.5±27.7bcd | 1.12±0.03abc |
凯速Souris | 0.8±1.3c | 7.5±8.3ef | 60.0±21.5bcd | 61.3±23.0bcd | 1.08±0.01abcd |
甜燕1号Sweety | 3.3±4.0c | 2.5±4.3f | 23.8±15.2efg | 40.0±14.1def | 1.11±0.06abcd |
挑战者Challengers | 0.0±0.0c | 1.3±2.2f | 27.5±19.2ef | 32.5±26.1ef | 0.96±0.04e |
蒙特Mengte | 0.0±0.0c | 10.0±7.9def | 22.5±5.6efg | 30.0±7.9ef | 0.97±0.01e |
燕王Forage plus | 0.0±0.0c | 0.0±0.0f | 11.3±9.6fg | 28.8±7.4ef | 1.12±0.02abc |
贝利2 Baler 2 | 1.3±2.2c | 8.8±7.4def | 10.0±7.9fg | 21.3±7.4f | 1.14±0.03ab |
莫妮达Monida | 0.0±0.0c | 12.5±8.3cdef | 18.8±10.2fg | 21.3±17.1f | 1.05±0.02bcde |
贝勒2号 Baler Ⅱ | 0.8±0.8c | 1.3±2.2f | 5.0±8.7fg | 18.8±10.2f | 1.17±0.02a |
牧王Haymaker | 0.0±0.0c | 0.0±0.0f | 1.3±2.2g | 17.5±7.5f | 1.19±0.02a |
爱沃Everleaf | 0.0±0.0c | 0.0±0.0f | 10.0±12.2fg | 16.3±11.4f | 1.11±0.03abcd |
大富豪Millionaire | 0.0±0.0c | 3.8±4.1f | 2.5±2.5fg | 13.8±7.4f | 1.15±0.05ab |
贝利 Baler | 0.0±0.0c | 2.5±4.3f | 7.5±8.3fg | 10.0±6.1f | 1.12±0.07abc |
品种 Varieties | 第1节The first internode of stem | 第2节The second internode of stem | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
节间长LI (cm) | 茎粗SD (mm) | 壁厚WT (mm) | 干重DW (g) | 节间长LI (cm) | 茎粗SD (mm) | 壁厚WT (mm) | 干重DW (g) | |
兰普顿Lampton | 5.70±1.82ab | 3.80±0.14def | 0.14±0.01b | 0.06±0.02bcd | 11.93±6.19abcd | 4.90±0.42bcd | 0.13±0.01b | 0.13±0.04b |
LAMPTON | 3.09±0.10c | 3.21±0.25f | 0.28±0.08ab | 0.01±0.00d | 11.52±3.73abcd | 3.41±0.30de | 0.32±0.00ab | 0.18±0.01ab |
挑战者Challengers | 1.52±0.36c | 4.55±0.47abc | 0.70±0.25a | 0.03±0.01d | 9.11±0.82abcd | 3.46±1.93de | 0.26±0.05ab | 0.19±0.04ab |
海威Haiwee | 7.47±2.06a | 3.37±0.38f | 0.38±0.03ab | 0.02±0.01d | 12.96±2.50abc | 4.22±0.64cde | 0.43±0.12ab | 0.23±0.23ab |
ESK | 2.78±1.47c | 3.45±0.48ef | 0.57±0.51ab | 0.07±0.03bcd | 8.67±1.27bcd | 3.79±0.70cde | 0.27±0.22ab | 0.14±0.06b |
莫妮达Monida | 3.18±0.25c | 3.18±0.03f | 0.45±0.30ab | 0.05±0.03bcd | 11.71±0.04abcd | 4.05±0.35cde | 0.28±0.18ab | 0.28±0.11ab |
凯速Souris | 3.15±1.84c | 3.41±0.57f | 0.70±0.49a | 0.06±0.04bcd | 6.66±1.12d | 3.51±0.01de | 0.22±0.10b | 0.10±0.01b |
伽利略Galileo | 2.62±1.05c | 3.37±0.16f | 0.40±0.12ab | 0.03±0.01d | 12.01±2.38abcd | 3.01±0.74e | 0.32±0.12ab | 0.14±0.05b |
甜燕2号Haywire | 1.56±0.28c | 3.29±0.15f | 0.27±0.07ab | 0.02±0.01d | 9.25±2.04abcd | 3.60±0.15de | 0.25±0.08ab | 0.11±0.04b |
大富豪Millionaire | 5.69±1.70ab | 3.80±0.31def | 0.15±0.03b | 0.17±0.01a | 13.63±0.62ab | 3.71±0.23de | 0.28±0.28ab | 0.20±0.04ab |
燕王Forage plus | 2.03±0.59c | 3.55±0.48ef | 0.16±0.03b | 0.03±0.01d | 10.23±2.24abcd | 3.85±0.84cde | 0.15±0.00b | 0.10±0.03b |
甜燕1号Sweety | 3.50±0.30bc | 4.29±0.03bcd | 0.58±0.21ab | 0.10±0.00b | 11.60±0.63abcd | 4.59±0.83bcde | 0.58±0.31a | 0.28±0.06ab |
贝勒2号 Baler Ⅱ | 2.34±0.38c | 4.91±0.13a | 0.27±0.14ab | 0.05±0.03bcd | 9.65±3.11abcd | 6.45±1.92a | 0.31±0.02ab | 0.23±0.07ab |
贝利 Baler | 1.50±0.61c | 4.20±0.42bcd | 0.36±0.24ab | 0.04±0.00cd | 8.44±1.66bcd | 5.87±0.76ab | 0.38±0.03ab | 0.18±0.08ab |
贝利2 Baler 2 | 3.78±0.46bc | 4.47±0.19abc | 0.51±0.30ab | 0.10±0.04b | 10.29±4.70abcd | 4.14±0.68cde | 0.47±0.10ab | 0.35±0.20a |
牧王Haymaker | 5.66±1.95ab | 4.81±0.13ab | 0.62±0.19ab | 0.09±0.07bc | 14.41±0.43a | 5.39±0.04abc | 0.43±0.18ab | 0.28±0.04ab |
爱沃Everleaf | 2.50±0.78c | 4.04±0.07cde | 0.28±0.03ab | 0.03±0.00d | 9.88±1.09abcd | 4.89±0.34bcd | 0.26±0.04ab | 0.24±0.06ab |
表5 18个燕麦品种茎秆形态特征
Table 5 Morphological characteristics of the stem of the 18 oat varieties
品种 Varieties | 第1节The first internode of stem | 第2节The second internode of stem | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
节间长LI (cm) | 茎粗SD (mm) | 壁厚WT (mm) | 干重DW (g) | 节间长LI (cm) | 茎粗SD (mm) | 壁厚WT (mm) | 干重DW (g) | |
兰普顿Lampton | 5.70±1.82ab | 3.80±0.14def | 0.14±0.01b | 0.06±0.02bcd | 11.93±6.19abcd | 4.90±0.42bcd | 0.13±0.01b | 0.13±0.04b |
LAMPTON | 3.09±0.10c | 3.21±0.25f | 0.28±0.08ab | 0.01±0.00d | 11.52±3.73abcd | 3.41±0.30de | 0.32±0.00ab | 0.18±0.01ab |
挑战者Challengers | 1.52±0.36c | 4.55±0.47abc | 0.70±0.25a | 0.03±0.01d | 9.11±0.82abcd | 3.46±1.93de | 0.26±0.05ab | 0.19±0.04ab |
海威Haiwee | 7.47±2.06a | 3.37±0.38f | 0.38±0.03ab | 0.02±0.01d | 12.96±2.50abc | 4.22±0.64cde | 0.43±0.12ab | 0.23±0.23ab |
ESK | 2.78±1.47c | 3.45±0.48ef | 0.57±0.51ab | 0.07±0.03bcd | 8.67±1.27bcd | 3.79±0.70cde | 0.27±0.22ab | 0.14±0.06b |
莫妮达Monida | 3.18±0.25c | 3.18±0.03f | 0.45±0.30ab | 0.05±0.03bcd | 11.71±0.04abcd | 4.05±0.35cde | 0.28±0.18ab | 0.28±0.11ab |
凯速Souris | 3.15±1.84c | 3.41±0.57f | 0.70±0.49a | 0.06±0.04bcd | 6.66±1.12d | 3.51±0.01de | 0.22±0.10b | 0.10±0.01b |
伽利略Galileo | 2.62±1.05c | 3.37±0.16f | 0.40±0.12ab | 0.03±0.01d | 12.01±2.38abcd | 3.01±0.74e | 0.32±0.12ab | 0.14±0.05b |
甜燕2号Haywire | 1.56±0.28c | 3.29±0.15f | 0.27±0.07ab | 0.02±0.01d | 9.25±2.04abcd | 3.60±0.15de | 0.25±0.08ab | 0.11±0.04b |
大富豪Millionaire | 5.69±1.70ab | 3.80±0.31def | 0.15±0.03b | 0.17±0.01a | 13.63±0.62ab | 3.71±0.23de | 0.28±0.28ab | 0.20±0.04ab |
燕王Forage plus | 2.03±0.59c | 3.55±0.48ef | 0.16±0.03b | 0.03±0.01d | 10.23±2.24abcd | 3.85±0.84cde | 0.15±0.00b | 0.10±0.03b |
甜燕1号Sweety | 3.50±0.30bc | 4.29±0.03bcd | 0.58±0.21ab | 0.10±0.00b | 11.60±0.63abcd | 4.59±0.83bcde | 0.58±0.31a | 0.28±0.06ab |
贝勒2号 Baler Ⅱ | 2.34±0.38c | 4.91±0.13a | 0.27±0.14ab | 0.05±0.03bcd | 9.65±3.11abcd | 6.45±1.92a | 0.31±0.02ab | 0.23±0.07ab |
贝利 Baler | 1.50±0.61c | 4.20±0.42bcd | 0.36±0.24ab | 0.04±0.00cd | 8.44±1.66bcd | 5.87±0.76ab | 0.38±0.03ab | 0.18±0.08ab |
贝利2 Baler 2 | 3.78±0.46bc | 4.47±0.19abc | 0.51±0.30ab | 0.10±0.04b | 10.29±4.70abcd | 4.14±0.68cde | 0.47±0.10ab | 0.35±0.20a |
牧王Haymaker | 5.66±1.95ab | 4.81±0.13ab | 0.62±0.19ab | 0.09±0.07bc | 14.41±0.43a | 5.39±0.04abc | 0.43±0.18ab | 0.28±0.04ab |
爱沃Everleaf | 2.50±0.78c | 4.04±0.07cde | 0.28±0.03ab | 0.03±0.00d | 9.88±1.09abcd | 4.89±0.34bcd | 0.26±0.04ab | 0.24±0.06ab |
图1 燕麦倒伏率、株高、茎秆形态、生育期、分蘖数、越冬率、干草产量等之间的相关性GP: 生育期Growth period; TN: 分蘖数Tiller number; WS: 越冬率Winter survival rate; PH: 株高Plant height; FY: 鲜草产量Fresh yield; HY: 干草产量Hay yield; D/F: 干鲜比Dry/fresh; S/L: 茎叶比Stem/leaf; CP: 粗蛋白Crude protein; EE: 粗脂肪Ether extract; Ash: 粗灰分Crude ash; NDF: 中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber; ADF: 酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber; LR: 倒伏率Lodging rate; EH: 穗位高Ear height; LNI1: 第1节间长The 1st internode length; SD1: 第1节茎粗The 1st internode stem diameter; WT1: 第1节壁厚The 1st internode wall thick; DW1: 第1节干重The 1st internode dry weight; LNI2: 第2节间长The 2nd internode length; SD2: 第2节茎粗The 2nd internode stem diameter; WT2: 第2节壁厚The 2nd internode wall thick; DW2: 第2节干重The 2nd internode dry weight. *: P<0.05; **: P<0.01; ***: P<0.001; ****: P<0.0001.
Fig.1 Correlation among lodging rate, plant height, stem morphology, growth period, tiller number, winter survival rate and hay yield in oats
品种 Varieties | 粗蛋白 Crude protein (%) | 粗脂肪 Ether extract (%) | 粗灰分 Crude ash (%) | 中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber (%) | 酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber(%) | 主成分得分 Principal components score | 分级 Grade |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
甜燕1号Sweety | 10.28±0.84a | 2.51±0.19a | 11.31±1.18abcd | 60.28±3.41a | 35.29±0.65ab | 1.02 | 二级SL |
LAMPTON | 9.51±0.54a | 2.24±0.23ab | 10.35±0.22cde | 58.45±3.37a | 34.63±2.16b | 0.84 | 三级TL |
兰普顿Lampton | 10.14±1.19a | 1.73±0.06b | 7.31±0.28f | 57.33±1.82a | 35.39±0.02ab | 0.69 | 二级SL |
莫妮达Monida | 9.97±2.70a | 2.22±0.20ab | 9.87±0.42e | 61.35±5.35a | 35.22±3.20ab | 0.69 | 三级TL |
蒙特Mengte | 8.58±0.24a | 1.88±0.08b | 7.25±0.01f | 54.55±0.68a | 34.56±0.08ab | 0.67 | 三级TL |
贝利 Baler | 9.51±1.87a | 2.27±0.39ab | 10.29±0.77cde | 60.33±3.26a | 35.83±2.66ab | 0.54 | 三级TL |
燕王Forage Plus | 9.70±1.40a | 2.33±0.37ab | 11.78±0.66a | 61.97±4.15a | 36.26±2.44ab | 0.38 | 三级TL |
挑战者Challengers | 10.21±1.03a | 2.22±0.18ab | 10.30±0.66cde | 62.79±3.98a | 37.47±1.76ab | 0.24 | 三级TL |
贝利2 Baler 2 | 8.43±0.57a | 2.07±0.02ab | 10.06±0.31de | 59.67±1.07a | 35.77±0.43ab | 0.11 | 三级TL |
甜燕2号 Haywire | 9.38±1.46a | 2.16±0.47ab | 10.40±0.12bcde | 62.61±1.10a | 37.28±0.63ab | -0.01 | 三级TL |
牧王Haymaker | 8.60±0.64a | 2.25±0.03ab | 10.27±0.45cde | 61.34±1.96a | 37.49±2.11ab | -0.11 | 三级TL |
贝勒2号 Baler Ⅱ | 8.75±0.36a | 2.11±0.15ab | 9.97±0.64e | 63.22±0.67a | 37.60±0.07ab | -0.32 | 三级TL |
凯速Souris | 8.78±0.88a | 1.96±0.18b | 10.83±0.40abcde | 61.53±0.48a | 37.32±0.94ab | -0.33 | 三级TL |
海威Haiwee | 8.55±1.13a | 1.97±0.24b | 11.93±0.92a | 61.43±1.89a | 37.03±1.36ab | -0.39 | 三级TL |
大富豪Millionaire | 9.11±0.80a | 2.07±0.18ab | 11.62±0.44ab | 64.07±3.14a | 38.05±1.15a | -0.48 | 三级TL |
爱沃Everleaf | 8.47±0.89a | 1.92±0.11b | 10.98±0.80abcde | 62.71±1.75a | 38.03±1.02ab | -0.67 | 三级TL |
伽利略Galileo | 8.35±1.19a | 2.11±0.06ab | 11.00±0.45abcde | 64.23±2.24a | 38.28±0.82a | -0.82 | 三级TL |
ESK | 8.06±0.40a | 2.01±0.31b | 11.42±0.27abc | 62.83±0.98a | 38.44±1.22a | -1.02 | 三级TL |
表6 18个燕麦品种营养成分含量、主成分得分及品质分级
Table 6 Nutritional content, principal component scores and quality grading of the 18 oat varieties
品种 Varieties | 粗蛋白 Crude protein (%) | 粗脂肪 Ether extract (%) | 粗灰分 Crude ash (%) | 中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber (%) | 酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber(%) | 主成分得分 Principal components score | 分级 Grade |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
甜燕1号Sweety | 10.28±0.84a | 2.51±0.19a | 11.31±1.18abcd | 60.28±3.41a | 35.29±0.65ab | 1.02 | 二级SL |
LAMPTON | 9.51±0.54a | 2.24±0.23ab | 10.35±0.22cde | 58.45±3.37a | 34.63±2.16b | 0.84 | 三级TL |
兰普顿Lampton | 10.14±1.19a | 1.73±0.06b | 7.31±0.28f | 57.33±1.82a | 35.39±0.02ab | 0.69 | 二级SL |
莫妮达Monida | 9.97±2.70a | 2.22±0.20ab | 9.87±0.42e | 61.35±5.35a | 35.22±3.20ab | 0.69 | 三级TL |
蒙特Mengte | 8.58±0.24a | 1.88±0.08b | 7.25±0.01f | 54.55±0.68a | 34.56±0.08ab | 0.67 | 三级TL |
贝利 Baler | 9.51±1.87a | 2.27±0.39ab | 10.29±0.77cde | 60.33±3.26a | 35.83±2.66ab | 0.54 | 三级TL |
燕王Forage Plus | 9.70±1.40a | 2.33±0.37ab | 11.78±0.66a | 61.97±4.15a | 36.26±2.44ab | 0.38 | 三级TL |
挑战者Challengers | 10.21±1.03a | 2.22±0.18ab | 10.30±0.66cde | 62.79±3.98a | 37.47±1.76ab | 0.24 | 三级TL |
贝利2 Baler 2 | 8.43±0.57a | 2.07±0.02ab | 10.06±0.31de | 59.67±1.07a | 35.77±0.43ab | 0.11 | 三级TL |
甜燕2号 Haywire | 9.38±1.46a | 2.16±0.47ab | 10.40±0.12bcde | 62.61±1.10a | 37.28±0.63ab | -0.01 | 三级TL |
牧王Haymaker | 8.60±0.64a | 2.25±0.03ab | 10.27±0.45cde | 61.34±1.96a | 37.49±2.11ab | -0.11 | 三级TL |
贝勒2号 Baler Ⅱ | 8.75±0.36a | 2.11±0.15ab | 9.97±0.64e | 63.22±0.67a | 37.60±0.07ab | -0.32 | 三级TL |
凯速Souris | 8.78±0.88a | 1.96±0.18b | 10.83±0.40abcde | 61.53±0.48a | 37.32±0.94ab | -0.33 | 三级TL |
海威Haiwee | 8.55±1.13a | 1.97±0.24b | 11.93±0.92a | 61.43±1.89a | 37.03±1.36ab | -0.39 | 三级TL |
大富豪Millionaire | 9.11±0.80a | 2.07±0.18ab | 11.62±0.44ab | 64.07±3.14a | 38.05±1.15a | -0.48 | 三级TL |
爱沃Everleaf | 8.47±0.89a | 1.92±0.11b | 10.98±0.80abcde | 62.71±1.75a | 38.03±1.02ab | -0.67 | 三级TL |
伽利略Galileo | 8.35±1.19a | 2.11±0.06ab | 11.00±0.45abcde | 64.23±2.24a | 38.28±0.82a | -0.82 | 三级TL |
ESK | 8.06±0.40a | 2.01±0.31b | 11.42±0.27abc | 62.83±0.98a | 38.44±1.22a | -1.02 | 三级TL |
品种 Varieties | 抗倒伏性 Lodging resistance | 干草产量 Hay yield | 营养品质 Nutritional quality | 综合评价 Comprehensive evaluation |
---|---|---|---|---|
贝利Baler | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.76 | 0.95 |
燕王Forage Plus | 0.78 | 0.89 | 0.69 | 0.79 |
大富豪Millionaire | 0.96 | 0.85 | 0.26 | 0.79 |
爱沃Everleaf | 0.93 | 0.93 | 0.17 | 0.78 |
贝利2 Baler 2 | 0.87 | 0.61 | 0.55 | 0.73 |
牧王Haymaker | 0.91 | 0.56 | 0.45 | 0.71 |
贝勒2号 Baler Ⅱ | 0.90 | 0.43 | 0.34 | 0.65 |
甜燕1号Sweety | 0.65 | 0.39 | 1.00 | 0.63 |
蒙特Mengte | 0.76 | 0.27 | 0.84 | 0.64 |
莫妮达Monida | 0.87 | 0.06 | 0.84 | 0.62 |
挑战者Challengers | 0.74 | 0.00 | 0.62 | 0.49 |
海威Haiwee | 0.38 | 0.42 | 0.31 | 0.38 |
凯速Souris | 0.40 | 0.37 | 0.34 | 0.38 |
兰普顿Lampton | 0.21 | 0.35 | 0.83 | 0.37 |
LAMPTON | 0.00 | 0.43 | 0.91 | 0.31 |
伽利略Galileo | 0.26 | 0.44 | 0.00 | 0.26 |
甜燕2号Haywire | 0.22 | 0.07 | 0.50 | 0.23 |
ESK | 0.07 | 0.36 | 0.10 | 0.16 |
表7 18个燕麦品种综合评价
Table 7 Comprehensive evaluation of the 18 oat varieties
品种 Varieties | 抗倒伏性 Lodging resistance | 干草产量 Hay yield | 营养品质 Nutritional quality | 综合评价 Comprehensive evaluation |
---|---|---|---|---|
贝利Baler | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.76 | 0.95 |
燕王Forage Plus | 0.78 | 0.89 | 0.69 | 0.79 |
大富豪Millionaire | 0.96 | 0.85 | 0.26 | 0.79 |
爱沃Everleaf | 0.93 | 0.93 | 0.17 | 0.78 |
贝利2 Baler 2 | 0.87 | 0.61 | 0.55 | 0.73 |
牧王Haymaker | 0.91 | 0.56 | 0.45 | 0.71 |
贝勒2号 Baler Ⅱ | 0.90 | 0.43 | 0.34 | 0.65 |
甜燕1号Sweety | 0.65 | 0.39 | 1.00 | 0.63 |
蒙特Mengte | 0.76 | 0.27 | 0.84 | 0.64 |
莫妮达Monida | 0.87 | 0.06 | 0.84 | 0.62 |
挑战者Challengers | 0.74 | 0.00 | 0.62 | 0.49 |
海威Haiwee | 0.38 | 0.42 | 0.31 | 0.38 |
凯速Souris | 0.40 | 0.37 | 0.34 | 0.38 |
兰普顿Lampton | 0.21 | 0.35 | 0.83 | 0.37 |
LAMPTON | 0.00 | 0.43 | 0.91 | 0.31 |
伽利略Galileo | 0.26 | 0.44 | 0.00 | 0.26 |
甜燕2号Haywire | 0.22 | 0.07 | 0.50 | 0.23 |
ESK | 0.07 | 0.36 | 0.10 | 0.16 |
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