草业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (11): 228-240.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2023499
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
张仲鹃1(), 郝曦煜1, 王雪1(), 李峰2(), 李文龙2
收稿日期:
2023-12-27
修回日期:
2024-02-05
出版日期:
2024-11-20
发布日期:
2024-09-09
通讯作者:
王雪,李峰
作者简介:
E-mail: lifeng03@caas; wangxue1@feihe.com基金资助:
Zhong-juan ZHANG1(), Xi-yu HAO1, Xue WANG1(), Feng LI2(), Wen-long LI2
Received:
2023-12-27
Revised:
2024-02-05
Online:
2024-11-20
Published:
2024-09-09
Contact:
Xue WANG,Feng LI
摘要:
随着齐齐哈尔地区畜牧业的发展,亟需开展适宜该地区青贮玉米品种的研究,以助力该地区相关产业可持续发展。本研究以普通玉米、鲜食玉米、粮饲兼用型、青贮专用型15个玉米品种为试验材料,对其生育期、农艺性状、产量和营养成分等指标进行比较分析,并运用灰色关联分析法进行综合评价。结果表明,15个玉米品种从播种至收获(籽粒乳线1/2~3/4)需119~134 d,其中京科青贮932、京科968和先达304成熟期较晚。京科青贮932的株高和穗位高最高、绿叶数最多、果穗最长;京科糯768茎秆最粗,为3.05 cm;先玉1506穗秃尖长最短,为0.85 cm。鲜草产量超过60 t·hm-2的品种有先达511、先玉1506、和育321和京科青贮932;利合328、先玉1506、和育321和先达511干物质产量分别为21.42、20.59、20.13、19.84 t·hm-2,显著高于除先达304、京科青贮932以外的品种(P<0.05)。先玉1506和先达511淀粉含量分别为34.79%和33.96%,显著高于其他品种(P<0.05);中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量最低的皆为先达304;粗蛋白含量以先达205最高,为7.44%。通过灰色关联度法综合比较分析,先达511和先玉1506综合评分靠前,综合生产性能较好,适宜作为青贮玉米在齐齐哈尔第三积温带的区域推广种植。
张仲鹃, 郝曦煜, 王雪, 李峰, 李文龙. 齐齐哈尔地区适宜青贮玉米品种的筛选及综合评价[J]. 草业学报, 2024, 33(11): 228-240.
Zhong-juan ZHANG, Xi-yu HAO, Xue WANG, Feng LI, Wen-long LI. Selection and multi-trait evaluation of silage maize varieties suitable for cultivation in the Qiqihar area[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2024, 33(11): 228-240.
品种 Variety | 类型 Type | 供种单位 Source of the variety | 播种密度Seeding density (plant·hm-2) |
---|---|---|---|
利合328 Lihe 328 | 普通玉米Common maize | 山西利马格兰特种谷物研发有限公司Shanxi Limagrain Special Grain R&D Co., Ltd. | 82500 |
先达212 Xianda 212 | 普通玉米Common maize | 先正达集团中国Syngenta Group China | 82500 |
先达205 Xianda 205 | 普通玉米Common maize | 先正达集团中国Syngenta Group China | 82500 |
先达203 Xianda 203 | 普通玉米Common maize | 先正达集团中国Syngenta Group China | 82500 |
先达511 Xianda 511 | 普通玉米Common maize | 先正达集团中国Syngenta Group China | 67500 |
先达304 Xianda 304 | 普通玉米Common maize | 先正达集团中国Syngenta Group China | 82500 |
和育321 Heyu 321 | 普通玉米Common maize | 先正达集团中国Syngenta Group China | 82500 |
和育521 Heyu 521 | 普通玉米Common maize | 先正达集团中国Syngenta Group China | 82500 |
和育187 Heyu 187 | 普通玉米Common maize | 先正达集团中国Syngenta Group China | 82500 |
先玉1506 Xianyu 1506 | 普通玉米Common maize | 铁岭先锋种子研究有限公司Tieling Pioneer Seed Research Co., Ltd. | 82500 |
先玉1219 Xianyu 1219 | 普通玉米Common maize | 铁岭先锋种子研究有限公司Tieling Pioneer Seed Research Co., Ltd. | 75000 |
金岭327 Jinling 327 | 粮饲兼用Grain and feed | 内蒙古金岭青贮玉米种业有限公司Inner Mongolia Jinling Silage Corn Seed Industry Co., Ltd. | 82500 |
京科968 Jingke 968 | 普通玉米Common maize | 北京市农林科学院玉米研究中心Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences | 67500 |
京科青贮932 Jingke silage 932 | 青贮专用玉米Silage maize | 北京市农林科学院玉米研究中心Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences | 82500 |
京科糯768 Jingke waxy 768 | 鲜食玉米Fresh corn | 北京市农林科学院玉米研究中心Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences | 67500 |
表1 供试玉米品种、来源及播种密度
Table 1 Maize varieties, sources and seeding density for testing
品种 Variety | 类型 Type | 供种单位 Source of the variety | 播种密度Seeding density (plant·hm-2) |
---|---|---|---|
利合328 Lihe 328 | 普通玉米Common maize | 山西利马格兰特种谷物研发有限公司Shanxi Limagrain Special Grain R&D Co., Ltd. | 82500 |
先达212 Xianda 212 | 普通玉米Common maize | 先正达集团中国Syngenta Group China | 82500 |
先达205 Xianda 205 | 普通玉米Common maize | 先正达集团中国Syngenta Group China | 82500 |
先达203 Xianda 203 | 普通玉米Common maize | 先正达集团中国Syngenta Group China | 82500 |
先达511 Xianda 511 | 普通玉米Common maize | 先正达集团中国Syngenta Group China | 67500 |
先达304 Xianda 304 | 普通玉米Common maize | 先正达集团中国Syngenta Group China | 82500 |
和育321 Heyu 321 | 普通玉米Common maize | 先正达集团中国Syngenta Group China | 82500 |
和育521 Heyu 521 | 普通玉米Common maize | 先正达集团中国Syngenta Group China | 82500 |
和育187 Heyu 187 | 普通玉米Common maize | 先正达集团中国Syngenta Group China | 82500 |
先玉1506 Xianyu 1506 | 普通玉米Common maize | 铁岭先锋种子研究有限公司Tieling Pioneer Seed Research Co., Ltd. | 82500 |
先玉1219 Xianyu 1219 | 普通玉米Common maize | 铁岭先锋种子研究有限公司Tieling Pioneer Seed Research Co., Ltd. | 75000 |
金岭327 Jinling 327 | 粮饲兼用Grain and feed | 内蒙古金岭青贮玉米种业有限公司Inner Mongolia Jinling Silage Corn Seed Industry Co., Ltd. | 82500 |
京科968 Jingke 968 | 普通玉米Common maize | 北京市农林科学院玉米研究中心Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences | 67500 |
京科青贮932 Jingke silage 932 | 青贮专用玉米Silage maize | 北京市农林科学院玉米研究中心Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences | 82500 |
京科糯768 Jingke waxy 768 | 鲜食玉米Fresh corn | 北京市农林科学院玉米研究中心Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences | 67500 |
品种 Variety | 物候期Phenological period (Month/day) | 生育天数Growth period (d) | 收获期 Harvesting time | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
播种日期Sowing date | 出苗期Seedling date | 拔节期Elongation stage | 抽雄期Tasseling stage | 吐丝期Silking stage | 收获日期Harvesting date | |||
利合328 Lihe 328 | 5/12 | 5/22 | 6/16 | 7/15 | 7/18 | 9/8 | 119 | 3/4乳线 3/4 milk line |
先达212 Xianda 212 | 5/12 | 5/22 | 6/21 | 7/21 | 7/25 | 9/8 | 119 | 1/2乳线 1/2 milk line |
先达205 Xianda 205 | 5/12 | 5/23 | 6/19 | 7/17 | 7/21 | 9/8 | 119 | 2/3乳线 2/3 milk line |
先达203 Xianda 203 | 5/12 | 5/22 | 6/21 | 7/18 | 7/22 | 9/8 | 119 | 2/3乳线 2/3 milk line |
先达511 Xianda 511 | 5/12 | 5/21 | 6/16 | 7/22 | 7/25 | 9/10 | 121 | 1/2乳线 1/2 milk line |
先达304 Xianda 304 | 5/12 | 5/23 | 6/20 | 7/22 | 7/25 | 9/20 | 131 | 1/2乳线 1/2 milk line |
和育321 Heyu 321 | 5/12 | 5/22 | 6/17 | 7/20 | 7/25 | 9/10 | 121 | 2/3乳线 2/3 milk line |
和育521 Heyu 521 | 5/12 | 5/21 | 6/16 | 7/22 | 7/25 | 9/10 | 121 | 1/2乳线 1/2 milk line |
和育187 Heyu 187 | 5/12 | 5/22 | 6/18 | 7/23 | 7/26 | 9/10 | 121 | 2/3乳线 2/3 milk line |
先玉1506 Xianyu 1506 | 5/12 | 5/23 | 6/18 | 7/20 | 7/22 | 9/9 | 120 | 2/3乳线 2/3 milk line |
先玉1219 Xianyu 1219 | 5/12 | 5/21 | 6/19 | 7/23 | 7/23 | 9/11 | 122 | 1/2乳线 1/2 milk line |
金岭327 Jinling 327 | 5/12 | 5/23 | 6/19 | 7/24 | 7/23 | 9/13 | 124 | 1/2乳线 1/2 milk line |
京科968 Jingke 968 | 5/12 | 5/21 | 6/20 | 7/28 | 7/31 | 9/20 | 131 | 1/2乳线 1/2 milk line |
京科青贮932 Jingke silage 932 | 5/12 | 5/22 | 6/21 | 8/4 | 8/7 | 9/23 | 134 | 1/2乳线 1/2 milk line |
京科糯768 Jingke waxy 768 | 5/12 | 5/23 | 6/17 | 7/23 | 7/27 | 9/12 | 123 | 1/2乳线 1/2 milk line |
表2 不同玉米生育期
Table 2 The growth stage of different maize varieties
品种 Variety | 物候期Phenological period (Month/day) | 生育天数Growth period (d) | 收获期 Harvesting time | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
播种日期Sowing date | 出苗期Seedling date | 拔节期Elongation stage | 抽雄期Tasseling stage | 吐丝期Silking stage | 收获日期Harvesting date | |||
利合328 Lihe 328 | 5/12 | 5/22 | 6/16 | 7/15 | 7/18 | 9/8 | 119 | 3/4乳线 3/4 milk line |
先达212 Xianda 212 | 5/12 | 5/22 | 6/21 | 7/21 | 7/25 | 9/8 | 119 | 1/2乳线 1/2 milk line |
先达205 Xianda 205 | 5/12 | 5/23 | 6/19 | 7/17 | 7/21 | 9/8 | 119 | 2/3乳线 2/3 milk line |
先达203 Xianda 203 | 5/12 | 5/22 | 6/21 | 7/18 | 7/22 | 9/8 | 119 | 2/3乳线 2/3 milk line |
先达511 Xianda 511 | 5/12 | 5/21 | 6/16 | 7/22 | 7/25 | 9/10 | 121 | 1/2乳线 1/2 milk line |
先达304 Xianda 304 | 5/12 | 5/23 | 6/20 | 7/22 | 7/25 | 9/20 | 131 | 1/2乳线 1/2 milk line |
和育321 Heyu 321 | 5/12 | 5/22 | 6/17 | 7/20 | 7/25 | 9/10 | 121 | 2/3乳线 2/3 milk line |
和育521 Heyu 521 | 5/12 | 5/21 | 6/16 | 7/22 | 7/25 | 9/10 | 121 | 1/2乳线 1/2 milk line |
和育187 Heyu 187 | 5/12 | 5/22 | 6/18 | 7/23 | 7/26 | 9/10 | 121 | 2/3乳线 2/3 milk line |
先玉1506 Xianyu 1506 | 5/12 | 5/23 | 6/18 | 7/20 | 7/22 | 9/9 | 120 | 2/3乳线 2/3 milk line |
先玉1219 Xianyu 1219 | 5/12 | 5/21 | 6/19 | 7/23 | 7/23 | 9/11 | 122 | 1/2乳线 1/2 milk line |
金岭327 Jinling 327 | 5/12 | 5/23 | 6/19 | 7/24 | 7/23 | 9/13 | 124 | 1/2乳线 1/2 milk line |
京科968 Jingke 968 | 5/12 | 5/21 | 6/20 | 7/28 | 7/31 | 9/20 | 131 | 1/2乳线 1/2 milk line |
京科青贮932 Jingke silage 932 | 5/12 | 5/22 | 6/21 | 8/4 | 8/7 | 9/23 | 134 | 1/2乳线 1/2 milk line |
京科糯768 Jingke waxy 768 | 5/12 | 5/23 | 6/17 | 7/23 | 7/27 | 9/12 | 123 | 1/2乳线 1/2 milk line |
品种 Variety | 株高 Plant height (cm) | 穗位高 Ear height (cm) | 茎粗 Stem diameter (cm) | 黄叶数 Withered leaves (No.) | 绿叶数 Green leaves (No.) | 绿叶占比 Green leaf proportion (%) | 穗长 Ear length (cm) | 穗秃尖长 Ear bald tip length (cm) | 穗粗 Ear diameter (cm) | 穗行数 Kernel row number (行No.) | 行粒数 Kernel number per row (粒pcs) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
利合328 Lihe 328 | 327.91±2.71cd | 112.23±2.38g | 2.38±0.07bcdefg | 6.60±0.40a | 7.10±0.38hi | 51.88±2.71f | 21.10±0.31cd | 1.40±0.45ef | 4.87±0.02efg | 15.00±0.45cd | 35.70±0.63cd |
先达212 Xianda 212 | 327.11±4.52cd | 113.54±2.77fg | 2.35±0.04cdefg | 2.50±0.22ef | 10.90±0.23de | 81.44±1.43b | 19.45±0.38h | 2.25±0.41cdef | 5.06±0.04def | 15.80±0.47bc | 35.40±0.95d |
先达205 Xianda 205 | 297.12±2.04i | 94.43±3.37h | 2.28±0.05efg | 3.10±0.10e | 9.10±0.28f | 74.48±1.01c | 21.25±0.32cd | 2.28±0.24cdef | 4.86±0.04fg | 14.00±0.42d | 40.30±1.26a |
先达203 Xianda 203 | 306.69±3.49h | 112.07±5.06g | 2.24±0.04fg | 2.50±0.17ef | 10.80±0.29de | 81.13±1.35b | 19.85±0.20fg | 3.00±0.27bcd | 5.06±0.04def | 16.00±0.00bc | 36.60±0.83bcd |
先达511 Xianda 511 | 312.92±2.17fgh | 123.72±3.66def | 2.54±0.03bc | 1.90±0.23f | 12.00±0.30b | 86.31±1.67b | 21.58±0.36cd | 2.58±0.24bcde | 5.32±0.06bc | 15.60±0.40bc | 39.20±1.44abc |
先达304 Xianda 304 | 322.52±1.90de | 126.16±4.02de | 2.49±0.06bcd | 5.30±0.21bc | 7.80±0.25gh | 59.53±1.52e | 20.65±0.37ef | 1.20±0.29ef | 5.44±0.07b | 17.50±0.62a | 37.50±0.34abcd |
和育321 Heyu 321 | 295.87±3.10i | 121.26±4.37efg | 2.33±0.03defg | 2.30±0.26ef | 11.50±0.22bcd | 83.44±1.77b | 19.87±0.27fg | 3.75±0.34bc | 4.94±0.05efg | 14.20±0.36d | 36.60±1.00bcd |
和育521 Heyu 521 | 319.69±1.78def | 120.74±3.12efg | 2.28±0.03efg | 1.00±0.21g | 12.20±0.13b | 92.64±1.51a | 21.53±0.33cd | 3.87±0.30b | 4.95±0.03efg | 13.80±0.36d | 36.60±1.15bcd |
和育187 Heyu 187 | 304.44±1.71hi | 116.81±2.52efg | 2.43±0.08bcdef | 2.30±0.26ef | 11.70±0.21bc | 83.66±1.79b | 22.04±0.37b | 5.20±0.55a | 5.01±0.05defg | 15.00±0.33cd | 35.70±1.49cd |
先玉1506 Xianyu 1506 | 373.60±1.84b | 137.47±2.08c | 2.57±0.06b | 5.50±0.37bc | 9.00±0.37f | 62.10±2.45de | 21.00±0.19cde | 0.85±0.33f | 5.18±0.04cd | 16.20±0.55abc | 38.30±0.42abcd |
先玉1219 Xianyu 1219 | 316.30±1.63efg | 132.70±2.46cd | 2.18±0.07g | 3.90±0.23d | 8.10±0.31g | 67.41±2.11d | 21.55±0.28cd | 2.05±0.17def | 5.00±0.04defg | 15.80±0.47bc | 35.40±0.56d |
金岭327 Jinling 327 | 335.50±4.48c | 121.50±3.87efg | 2.32±0.07defg | 6.10±0.31ab | 6.90±0.31i | 53.08±2.24f | 21.80±0.31cd | 2.50±0.20bcde | 5.07±0.07de | 16.60±0.43ab | 40.30±0.30a |
京科968 Jingke 968 | 319.55±4.73def | 166.36±2.48b | 2.54±0.06bc | 2.20±0.33ef | 12.10±0.35b | 84.64±2.22b | 21.37±0.49cd | 3.46±0.56bcd | 5.32±0.07bc | 16.40±0.40abc | 36.20±1.81cd |
京科青贮932 Jingke silage 932 | 450.93±4.38a | 180.76±4.09a | 2.47±0.04bcde | 2.50±0.17f | 13.40±0.31a | 84.23±1.11b | 23.36±0.83a | 2.70±1.03bcde | 4.84±0.06g | 16.20±0.55abc | 37.50±1.17abcd |
京科糯768 Jingke waxy 768 | 308.02±1.94gh | 162.45±4.69b | 3.05±0.13a | 5.00±0.39c | 10.10±0.38e | 67.01±2.25d | 20.80±0.45cde | 2.58±0.68bcde | 6.12±0.14a | 15.80±0.55bc | 39.80±1.12ab |
2022年平均值Average value in 2022 | 335.33 | 124.50 | 2.54 | 5.28 | 7.95 | 60.04 | 22.53 | 2.97 | 5.09 | 16.10 | 36.59 |
2023年平均值Average value in 2023 | 320.43 | 134.46 | 2.32 | 1.75 | 12.41 | 88.36 | 19.76 | 2.32 | 5.18 | 15.09 | 38.22 |
表3 不同玉米品种农艺性状分析
Table 3 Agronomic character analysis of different maize varieties
品种 Variety | 株高 Plant height (cm) | 穗位高 Ear height (cm) | 茎粗 Stem diameter (cm) | 黄叶数 Withered leaves (No.) | 绿叶数 Green leaves (No.) | 绿叶占比 Green leaf proportion (%) | 穗长 Ear length (cm) | 穗秃尖长 Ear bald tip length (cm) | 穗粗 Ear diameter (cm) | 穗行数 Kernel row number (行No.) | 行粒数 Kernel number per row (粒pcs) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
利合328 Lihe 328 | 327.91±2.71cd | 112.23±2.38g | 2.38±0.07bcdefg | 6.60±0.40a | 7.10±0.38hi | 51.88±2.71f | 21.10±0.31cd | 1.40±0.45ef | 4.87±0.02efg | 15.00±0.45cd | 35.70±0.63cd |
先达212 Xianda 212 | 327.11±4.52cd | 113.54±2.77fg | 2.35±0.04cdefg | 2.50±0.22ef | 10.90±0.23de | 81.44±1.43b | 19.45±0.38h | 2.25±0.41cdef | 5.06±0.04def | 15.80±0.47bc | 35.40±0.95d |
先达205 Xianda 205 | 297.12±2.04i | 94.43±3.37h | 2.28±0.05efg | 3.10±0.10e | 9.10±0.28f | 74.48±1.01c | 21.25±0.32cd | 2.28±0.24cdef | 4.86±0.04fg | 14.00±0.42d | 40.30±1.26a |
先达203 Xianda 203 | 306.69±3.49h | 112.07±5.06g | 2.24±0.04fg | 2.50±0.17ef | 10.80±0.29de | 81.13±1.35b | 19.85±0.20fg | 3.00±0.27bcd | 5.06±0.04def | 16.00±0.00bc | 36.60±0.83bcd |
先达511 Xianda 511 | 312.92±2.17fgh | 123.72±3.66def | 2.54±0.03bc | 1.90±0.23f | 12.00±0.30b | 86.31±1.67b | 21.58±0.36cd | 2.58±0.24bcde | 5.32±0.06bc | 15.60±0.40bc | 39.20±1.44abc |
先达304 Xianda 304 | 322.52±1.90de | 126.16±4.02de | 2.49±0.06bcd | 5.30±0.21bc | 7.80±0.25gh | 59.53±1.52e | 20.65±0.37ef | 1.20±0.29ef | 5.44±0.07b | 17.50±0.62a | 37.50±0.34abcd |
和育321 Heyu 321 | 295.87±3.10i | 121.26±4.37efg | 2.33±0.03defg | 2.30±0.26ef | 11.50±0.22bcd | 83.44±1.77b | 19.87±0.27fg | 3.75±0.34bc | 4.94±0.05efg | 14.20±0.36d | 36.60±1.00bcd |
和育521 Heyu 521 | 319.69±1.78def | 120.74±3.12efg | 2.28±0.03efg | 1.00±0.21g | 12.20±0.13b | 92.64±1.51a | 21.53±0.33cd | 3.87±0.30b | 4.95±0.03efg | 13.80±0.36d | 36.60±1.15bcd |
和育187 Heyu 187 | 304.44±1.71hi | 116.81±2.52efg | 2.43±0.08bcdef | 2.30±0.26ef | 11.70±0.21bc | 83.66±1.79b | 22.04±0.37b | 5.20±0.55a | 5.01±0.05defg | 15.00±0.33cd | 35.70±1.49cd |
先玉1506 Xianyu 1506 | 373.60±1.84b | 137.47±2.08c | 2.57±0.06b | 5.50±0.37bc | 9.00±0.37f | 62.10±2.45de | 21.00±0.19cde | 0.85±0.33f | 5.18±0.04cd | 16.20±0.55abc | 38.30±0.42abcd |
先玉1219 Xianyu 1219 | 316.30±1.63efg | 132.70±2.46cd | 2.18±0.07g | 3.90±0.23d | 8.10±0.31g | 67.41±2.11d | 21.55±0.28cd | 2.05±0.17def | 5.00±0.04defg | 15.80±0.47bc | 35.40±0.56d |
金岭327 Jinling 327 | 335.50±4.48c | 121.50±3.87efg | 2.32±0.07defg | 6.10±0.31ab | 6.90±0.31i | 53.08±2.24f | 21.80±0.31cd | 2.50±0.20bcde | 5.07±0.07de | 16.60±0.43ab | 40.30±0.30a |
京科968 Jingke 968 | 319.55±4.73def | 166.36±2.48b | 2.54±0.06bc | 2.20±0.33ef | 12.10±0.35b | 84.64±2.22b | 21.37±0.49cd | 3.46±0.56bcd | 5.32±0.07bc | 16.40±0.40abc | 36.20±1.81cd |
京科青贮932 Jingke silage 932 | 450.93±4.38a | 180.76±4.09a | 2.47±0.04bcde | 2.50±0.17f | 13.40±0.31a | 84.23±1.11b | 23.36±0.83a | 2.70±1.03bcde | 4.84±0.06g | 16.20±0.55abc | 37.50±1.17abcd |
京科糯768 Jingke waxy 768 | 308.02±1.94gh | 162.45±4.69b | 3.05±0.13a | 5.00±0.39c | 10.10±0.38e | 67.01±2.25d | 20.80±0.45cde | 2.58±0.68bcde | 6.12±0.14a | 15.80±0.55bc | 39.80±1.12ab |
2022年平均值Average value in 2022 | 335.33 | 124.50 | 2.54 | 5.28 | 7.95 | 60.04 | 22.53 | 2.97 | 5.09 | 16.10 | 36.59 |
2023年平均值Average value in 2023 | 320.43 | 134.46 | 2.32 | 1.75 | 12.41 | 88.36 | 19.76 | 2.32 | 5.18 | 15.09 | 38.22 |
品种 Variety | 单株鲜重 Plant weight (g) | 鲜草产量 Fresh grass yield (t·hm-2) | 干物质产量 Hay grass yield (t·hm-2) | 干物质 Dry matter (%) | 茎比重 Stem proportion (%) | 叶比重 Leaf proportion (%) | 穗比重 Ear proportion (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
利合328 Lihe 328 | 851.79±26.20fg | 49.14±1.05fg | 21.42±0.57a | 43.58±0.23a | 47.20±0.59de | 19.06±0.42g | 33.74±0.31b |
先达212 Xianda 212 | 923.80±40.65efg | 51.16±0.82ef | 16.38±0.16d | 32.03±0.82cde | 44.20±0.40fg | 23.46±0.21bcde | 32.34±0.35bc |
先达205 Xianda 205 | 899.12±25.59efg | 44.84±2.68g | 15.84±1.42de | 35.18±1.05b | 42.71±0.62gh | 23.15±0.51cde | 34.14±0.56b |
先达203 Xianda 203 | 851.98±27.19fg | 48.23±2.47fg | 17.25±1.24cd | 35.69±0.75b | 41.60±0.36h | 22.13±0.51ef | 36.27±0.60a |
先达511 Xianda 511 | 1140.08±36.79c | 63.03±1.95a | 19.84±0.05ab | 31.53±0.90cdef | 41.97±0.92h | 26.77±0.81a | 31.26±0.45cd |
先达304 Xianda 304 | 888.24±12.38efg | 58.84±0.94abc | 18.75±0.35bc | 31.90±1.11cdef | 46.12±0.65def | 21.21±0.58f | 32.66±0.65bc |
和育321 Heyu 321 | 810.77±24.39g | 60.40±0.26ab | 20.13±0.35ab | 33.32±0.44c | 41.64±0.62h | 24.82±0.44bc | 33.55±0.49b |
和育521 Heyu 521 | 965.61±28.29ef | 54.04±5.09cdef | 16.27±1.62de | 30.07±0.17ef | 44.52±0.65fg | 25.31±0.95ab | 30.17±0.90d |
和育187 Heyu 187 | 982.53±43.23de | 52.53±1.05def | 16.41±0.66d | 31.23±0.64def | 45.06±0.73ef | 24.38±0.21bcd | 30.56±0.68cd |
先玉1506 Xianyu 1506 | 1088.08±34.66cd | 63.21±0.91a | 20.59±0.55ab | 32.56±0.40cd | 47.97±0.59cd | 21.90±0.43ef | 30.13±0.50d |
先玉1219 Xianyu 1219 | 899.61±15.37efg | 45.02±1.32g | 13.98±0.44e | 31.06±0.05def | 45.40±0.81ef | 24.73±0.98bc | 29.89±0.94d |
金岭327 Jinling 327 | 888.53±17.79efg | 50.65±0.99efg | 15.72±0.18de | 31.06±0.24def | 46.08±1.00def | 22.99±0.72cdef | 30.93±0.86cd |
京科968 Jingke 968 | 1331.35±66.45b | 56.46±0.38bcde | 16.86±0.00cd | 29.86±0.20f | 49.54±0.80c | 23.33±0.64cde | 27.13±0.72e |
京科青贮932 Jingke silage 932 | 1471.48±51.57a | 61.90±0.76ab | 19.01±0.15bc | 30.72±0.62def | 56.18±0.74a | 22.66±0.43def | 21.16±1.01f |
京科糯768 Jingke waxy 768 | 1416.59±72.37ab | 57.47±0.79abcd | 15.57±0.51de | 27.07±0.51g | 51.76±0.94b | 21.16±0.60f | 27.08±0.80e |
2022年平均值Average value in 2022 | 970.82 | 50.25 | 17.13 | 34.09 | 50.86 | 20.58 | 28.56 |
2023年平均值Average value in 2023 | 1083.79 | 68.67 | 18.07 | 30.82 | 41.40 | 25.69 | 32.91 |
表4 不同玉米品种生产性能分析
Table 4 Production performance analysis of different maize varieties
品种 Variety | 单株鲜重 Plant weight (g) | 鲜草产量 Fresh grass yield (t·hm-2) | 干物质产量 Hay grass yield (t·hm-2) | 干物质 Dry matter (%) | 茎比重 Stem proportion (%) | 叶比重 Leaf proportion (%) | 穗比重 Ear proportion (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
利合328 Lihe 328 | 851.79±26.20fg | 49.14±1.05fg | 21.42±0.57a | 43.58±0.23a | 47.20±0.59de | 19.06±0.42g | 33.74±0.31b |
先达212 Xianda 212 | 923.80±40.65efg | 51.16±0.82ef | 16.38±0.16d | 32.03±0.82cde | 44.20±0.40fg | 23.46±0.21bcde | 32.34±0.35bc |
先达205 Xianda 205 | 899.12±25.59efg | 44.84±2.68g | 15.84±1.42de | 35.18±1.05b | 42.71±0.62gh | 23.15±0.51cde | 34.14±0.56b |
先达203 Xianda 203 | 851.98±27.19fg | 48.23±2.47fg | 17.25±1.24cd | 35.69±0.75b | 41.60±0.36h | 22.13±0.51ef | 36.27±0.60a |
先达511 Xianda 511 | 1140.08±36.79c | 63.03±1.95a | 19.84±0.05ab | 31.53±0.90cdef | 41.97±0.92h | 26.77±0.81a | 31.26±0.45cd |
先达304 Xianda 304 | 888.24±12.38efg | 58.84±0.94abc | 18.75±0.35bc | 31.90±1.11cdef | 46.12±0.65def | 21.21±0.58f | 32.66±0.65bc |
和育321 Heyu 321 | 810.77±24.39g | 60.40±0.26ab | 20.13±0.35ab | 33.32±0.44c | 41.64±0.62h | 24.82±0.44bc | 33.55±0.49b |
和育521 Heyu 521 | 965.61±28.29ef | 54.04±5.09cdef | 16.27±1.62de | 30.07±0.17ef | 44.52±0.65fg | 25.31±0.95ab | 30.17±0.90d |
和育187 Heyu 187 | 982.53±43.23de | 52.53±1.05def | 16.41±0.66d | 31.23±0.64def | 45.06±0.73ef | 24.38±0.21bcd | 30.56±0.68cd |
先玉1506 Xianyu 1506 | 1088.08±34.66cd | 63.21±0.91a | 20.59±0.55ab | 32.56±0.40cd | 47.97±0.59cd | 21.90±0.43ef | 30.13±0.50d |
先玉1219 Xianyu 1219 | 899.61±15.37efg | 45.02±1.32g | 13.98±0.44e | 31.06±0.05def | 45.40±0.81ef | 24.73±0.98bc | 29.89±0.94d |
金岭327 Jinling 327 | 888.53±17.79efg | 50.65±0.99efg | 15.72±0.18de | 31.06±0.24def | 46.08±1.00def | 22.99±0.72cdef | 30.93±0.86cd |
京科968 Jingke 968 | 1331.35±66.45b | 56.46±0.38bcde | 16.86±0.00cd | 29.86±0.20f | 49.54±0.80c | 23.33±0.64cde | 27.13±0.72e |
京科青贮932 Jingke silage 932 | 1471.48±51.57a | 61.90±0.76ab | 19.01±0.15bc | 30.72±0.62def | 56.18±0.74a | 22.66±0.43def | 21.16±1.01f |
京科糯768 Jingke waxy 768 | 1416.59±72.37ab | 57.47±0.79abcd | 15.57±0.51de | 27.07±0.51g | 51.76±0.94b | 21.16±0.60f | 27.08±0.80e |
2022年平均值Average value in 2022 | 970.82 | 50.25 | 17.13 | 34.09 | 50.86 | 20.58 | 28.56 |
2023年平均值Average value in 2023 | 1083.79 | 68.67 | 18.07 | 30.82 | 41.40 | 25.69 | 32.91 |
品种 Variety | 粗蛋白 Crude protein | 淀粉 Starch | 中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber | 酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber | 粗脂肪 Ether extract |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
利合328 Lihe 328 | 7.38±0.16a | 32.56±0.35bc | 42.57±1.21gh | 19.45±0.77de | 2.91±0.20ab |
先达212 Xianda 212 | 6.58±0.19cde | 28.92±0.25f | 50.96±1.45ab | 24.30±1.01ab | 2.58±0.27abc |
先达205 Xianda 205 | 7.44±0.18a | 31.77±0.99bcd | 46.06±1.46def | 21.98±0.99c | 2.54±0.29abc |
先达203 Xianda 203 | 6.27±0.10def | 30.72±0.38de | 45.97±0.21def | 22.20±0.15bc | 2.20±0.34abcd |
先达511 Xianda 511 | 5.87±0.03f | 33.96±0.51a | 44.52±0.18efg | 21.49±0.50cd | 2.39±0.18abcd |
先达304 Xianda 304 | 6.37±0.05cdef | 32.43±0.22bc | 40.44±1.54h | 19.18±1.06e | 2.61±0.29abc |
和育321 Heyu 321 | 7.00±0.10abc | 30.49±0.44de | 44.42±0.30fg | 21.03±0.17cde | 3.04±0.29a |
和育521 Heyu 521 | 6.70±0.08bcde | 31.19±0.11cd | 43.37±0.37fgh | 20.28±0.24cde | 1.52±0.28d |
和育187 Heyu 187 | 6.85±0.08abcde | 32.66±0.25b | 45.86±0.70def | 22.20±0.42bc | 2.04±0.57bcd |
先玉1506 Xianyu 1506 | 6.88±0.06abcde | 34.79±0.50a | 49.85±0.37abc | 24.65±0.64a | 1.92±0.18cd |
先玉1219 Xianyu 1219 | 7.26±0.42ab | 30.77±0.33de | 48.43±0.57bcd | 19.57±0.18de | 1.90±0.15cd |
金岭327 Jinling 327 | 6.22±0.53ef | 31.37±0.61bcd | 48.83±1.73bcd | 21.90±1.04c | 2.20±0.06abcd |
京科968 Jingke 968 | 6.28±0.10def | 31.65±0.24bcd | 51.63±0.99ab | 25.62±0.64a | 1.87±0.17cd |
京科青贮932 Jingke silage 932 | 6.46±0.05cdef | 29.63±0.34ef | 52.92±1.25a | 24.30±0.96ab | 2.71±0.35abc |
京科糯768 Jingke waxy 768 | 6.94±0.08abcd | 28.76±0.22f | 47.72±0.55cde | 22.22±0.45bc | 2.75±0.19abc |
2022年平均值Average value in 2022 | 6.37 | 29.77 | 49.36 | 23.92 | 2.01 |
2023年平均值Average value in 2023 | 7.03 | 33.12 | 44.45 | 20.13 | 2.68 |
表5 不同玉米品种常规营养分析
Table 5 Routine nutrition analysis of different maize varieties (%DM)
品种 Variety | 粗蛋白 Crude protein | 淀粉 Starch | 中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber | 酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber | 粗脂肪 Ether extract |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
利合328 Lihe 328 | 7.38±0.16a | 32.56±0.35bc | 42.57±1.21gh | 19.45±0.77de | 2.91±0.20ab |
先达212 Xianda 212 | 6.58±0.19cde | 28.92±0.25f | 50.96±1.45ab | 24.30±1.01ab | 2.58±0.27abc |
先达205 Xianda 205 | 7.44±0.18a | 31.77±0.99bcd | 46.06±1.46def | 21.98±0.99c | 2.54±0.29abc |
先达203 Xianda 203 | 6.27±0.10def | 30.72±0.38de | 45.97±0.21def | 22.20±0.15bc | 2.20±0.34abcd |
先达511 Xianda 511 | 5.87±0.03f | 33.96±0.51a | 44.52±0.18efg | 21.49±0.50cd | 2.39±0.18abcd |
先达304 Xianda 304 | 6.37±0.05cdef | 32.43±0.22bc | 40.44±1.54h | 19.18±1.06e | 2.61±0.29abc |
和育321 Heyu 321 | 7.00±0.10abc | 30.49±0.44de | 44.42±0.30fg | 21.03±0.17cde | 3.04±0.29a |
和育521 Heyu 521 | 6.70±0.08bcde | 31.19±0.11cd | 43.37±0.37fgh | 20.28±0.24cde | 1.52±0.28d |
和育187 Heyu 187 | 6.85±0.08abcde | 32.66±0.25b | 45.86±0.70def | 22.20±0.42bc | 2.04±0.57bcd |
先玉1506 Xianyu 1506 | 6.88±0.06abcde | 34.79±0.50a | 49.85±0.37abc | 24.65±0.64a | 1.92±0.18cd |
先玉1219 Xianyu 1219 | 7.26±0.42ab | 30.77±0.33de | 48.43±0.57bcd | 19.57±0.18de | 1.90±0.15cd |
金岭327 Jinling 327 | 6.22±0.53ef | 31.37±0.61bcd | 48.83±1.73bcd | 21.90±1.04c | 2.20±0.06abcd |
京科968 Jingke 968 | 6.28±0.10def | 31.65±0.24bcd | 51.63±0.99ab | 25.62±0.64a | 1.87±0.17cd |
京科青贮932 Jingke silage 932 | 6.46±0.05cdef | 29.63±0.34ef | 52.92±1.25a | 24.30±0.96ab | 2.71±0.35abc |
京科糯768 Jingke waxy 768 | 6.94±0.08abcd | 28.76±0.22f | 47.72±0.55cde | 22.22±0.45bc | 2.75±0.19abc |
2022年平均值Average value in 2022 | 6.37 | 29.77 | 49.36 | 23.92 | 2.01 |
2023年平均值Average value in 2023 | 7.03 | 33.12 | 44.45 | 20.13 | 2.68 |
图1 产量性状与营养品质的相关性分析GP: 生育期Growth period; PH: 株高Plant height; EH: 穗位高Ear height; SD: 茎粗Stem diameter; WLN: 黄叶数Withered leaves; GLN: 绿叶数Green leaves; GLP: 绿叶比Green leaf proportion; EL: 穗长Ear length; EBTL: 穗秃尖长Ear bald tip length; ED: 穗粗Ear diameter; ER: 穗行数Ear rows; KNPR: 行粒数Kernel number per row; PW: 单株鲜重Plant weight; SP: 茎比重Stem proportion; LP: 叶比重Leaf proportion; EP: 穗比重Ear proportion; FGY: 鲜草产量Fresh grass yield; HGY: 干物质产量Hay grass yield; DM: 干物质Dry matter; CP: 粗蛋白Crude protein; NDF: 中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber; ADF: 酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber; S: 淀粉Starch; EE: 粗脂肪Ether extract. 对角线左下部分为指标间相关系数,右上部分为指标间显著性水平(*表示P<0.05,**表示P<0.01)。The lower left part of the diagonal line is the correlation coefficient and the upper right is significance level of the indicators (*, P<0.05, **, P<0.01).
Fig.1 Correlation analysis between yield traits and nutrient quality
性状 Index | 等权关联度Equal weight relation | 权重系数Weighting coefficient | 排序Rank | 性状 Index | 等权关联度Equal weight relation | 权重系数Weighting coefficient | 排序Rank |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
生育期Growth period | 0.9369 | 0.0859 | 1 | 干物质产量Hay grass yield | 0.7251 | 0.0665 | 8 |
株高Plant height | 0.6213 | 0.0570 | 14 | 干物质Dry matter | 0.8104 | 0.0743 | 4 |
穗位高Ear height | 0.6497 | 0.0596 | 13 | 粗蛋白Crude protein | 0.8211 | 0.0753 | 3 |
茎粗Stem diameter | 0.6857 | 0.0629 | 10 | 中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber | 0.7720 | 0.0708 | 7 |
黄叶数Withered leaves | 0.4307 | 0.0395 | 15 | 酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber | 0.7913 | 0.0725 | 5 |
绿叶数Green leaves | 0.6713 | 0.0615 | 12 | 淀粉Starch | 0.8222 | 0.0754 | 2 |
绿叶比Green leaf proportion | 0.7123 | 0.0653 | 9 | 粗脂肪Ether extract | 0.6812 | 0.0624 | 11 |
鲜草产量Fresh grass yield | 0.7768 | 0.0712 | 6 |
表6 不同指标的权重系数及排序
Table 6 The weight coefficient and ranking of different indicators
性状 Index | 等权关联度Equal weight relation | 权重系数Weighting coefficient | 排序Rank | 性状 Index | 等权关联度Equal weight relation | 权重系数Weighting coefficient | 排序Rank |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
生育期Growth period | 0.9369 | 0.0859 | 1 | 干物质产量Hay grass yield | 0.7251 | 0.0665 | 8 |
株高Plant height | 0.6213 | 0.0570 | 14 | 干物质Dry matter | 0.8104 | 0.0743 | 4 |
穗位高Ear height | 0.6497 | 0.0596 | 13 | 粗蛋白Crude protein | 0.8211 | 0.0753 | 3 |
茎粗Stem diameter | 0.6857 | 0.0629 | 10 | 中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber | 0.7720 | 0.0708 | 7 |
黄叶数Withered leaves | 0.4307 | 0.0395 | 15 | 酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber | 0.7913 | 0.0725 | 5 |
绿叶数Green leaves | 0.6713 | 0.0615 | 12 | 淀粉Starch | 0.8222 | 0.0754 | 2 |
绿叶比Green leaf proportion | 0.7123 | 0.0653 | 9 | 粗脂肪Ether extract | 0.6812 | 0.0624 | 11 |
鲜草产量Fresh grass yield | 0.7768 | 0.0712 | 6 |
品种 Variety | 加权关联度 Weighted incidence degree | 排序 Rank |
---|---|---|
利合328 Lihe 328 | 0.7733 | 4 |
先达212 Xianda 212 | 0.7228 | 11 |
先达205 Xianda 205 | 0.7618 | 6 |
先达203 Xianda 203 | 0.7338 | 10 |
先达511 Xianda 511 | 0.7902 | 2 |
先达304 Xianda 304 | 0.7514 | 8 |
和育321 Heyu 321 | 0.8045 | 1 |
和育521 Heyu 521 | 0.7631 | 5 |
和育187 Heyu 187 | 0.7437 | 9 |
先玉1506 Xianyu 1506 | 0.7777 | 3 |
先玉1219 Xianyu 1219 | 0.6952 | 14 |
金岭327 Jinling 327 | 0.6756 | 15 |
京科968 Jingke 968 | 0.6993 | 13 |
京科青贮932 Jingke silage 932 | 0.7551 | 7 |
京科糯768 Jingke waxy 768 | 0.7213 | 12 |
表7 参试玉米品种加权关联度与排序
Table 7 Weighted incidence degree and rank of experimental maize varieties
品种 Variety | 加权关联度 Weighted incidence degree | 排序 Rank |
---|---|---|
利合328 Lihe 328 | 0.7733 | 4 |
先达212 Xianda 212 | 0.7228 | 11 |
先达205 Xianda 205 | 0.7618 | 6 |
先达203 Xianda 203 | 0.7338 | 10 |
先达511 Xianda 511 | 0.7902 | 2 |
先达304 Xianda 304 | 0.7514 | 8 |
和育321 Heyu 321 | 0.8045 | 1 |
和育521 Heyu 521 | 0.7631 | 5 |
和育187 Heyu 187 | 0.7437 | 9 |
先玉1506 Xianyu 1506 | 0.7777 | 3 |
先玉1219 Xianyu 1219 | 0.6952 | 14 |
金岭327 Jinling 327 | 0.6756 | 15 |
京科968 Jingke 968 | 0.6993 | 13 |
京科青贮932 Jingke silage 932 | 0.7551 | 7 |
京科糯768 Jingke waxy 768 | 0.7213 | 12 |
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