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草业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (11): 228-240.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2023499

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

齐齐哈尔地区适宜青贮玉米品种的筛选及综合评价

张仲鹃1(), 郝曦煜1, 王雪1(), 李峰2(), 李文龙2   

  1. 1.黑龙江飞鹤乳业有限公司,北京 100015
    2.中国农业科学院草原研究所,农业农村部饲草高效生产模式创新重点实验室,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010010
  • 收稿日期:2023-12-27 修回日期:2024-02-05 出版日期:2024-11-20 发布日期:2024-09-09
  • 通讯作者: 王雪,李峰
  • 作者简介:E-mail: lifeng03@caas; wangxue1@feihe.com
    张仲鹃(1992-),女,甘肃庆阳人,中级畜牧师,硕士。E-mail: zhangzhongjuan@feihe.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家乳业技术创新中心项目(2022-科研攻关-1),中国农业科学院创新工程(CAAS-ASTIP-IGR 2016-02);中国农业科学院奶牛绿色养殖技术集成创新(CAAS-XTCX2016011-01-02)

Selection and multi-trait evaluation of silage maize varieties suitable for cultivation in the Qiqihar area

Zhong-juan ZHANG1(), Xi-yu HAO1, Xue WANG1(), Feng LI2(), Wen-long LI2   

  1. 1.Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co. ,Ltd. ,Beijing 100015,China
    2.Institute of Grassland Research,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Key Laboratory for Model Innovation in Forage Production Efficiency,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Hohhot 010010,China
  • Received:2023-12-27 Revised:2024-02-05 Online:2024-11-20 Published:2024-09-09
  • Contact: Xue WANG,Feng LI

摘要:

随着齐齐哈尔地区畜牧业的发展,亟需开展适宜该地区青贮玉米品种的研究,以助力该地区相关产业可持续发展。本研究以普通玉米、鲜食玉米、粮饲兼用型、青贮专用型15个玉米品种为试验材料,对其生育期、农艺性状、产量和营养成分等指标进行比较分析,并运用灰色关联分析法进行综合评价。结果表明,15个玉米品种从播种至收获(籽粒乳线1/2~3/4)需119~134 d,其中京科青贮932、京科968和先达304成熟期较晚。京科青贮932的株高和穗位高最高、绿叶数最多、果穗最长;京科糯768茎秆最粗,为3.05 cm;先玉1506穗秃尖长最短,为0.85 cm。鲜草产量超过60 t·hm-2的品种有先达511、先玉1506、和育321和京科青贮932;利合328、先玉1506、和育321和先达511干物质产量分别为21.42、20.59、20.13、19.84 t·hm-2,显著高于除先达304、京科青贮932以外的品种(P<0.05)。先玉1506和先达511淀粉含量分别为34.79%和33.96%,显著高于其他品种(P<0.05);中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量最低的皆为先达304;粗蛋白含量以先达205最高,为7.44%。通过灰色关联度法综合比较分析,先达511和先玉1506综合评分靠前,综合生产性能较好,适宜作为青贮玉米在齐齐哈尔第三积温带的区域推广种植。

关键词: 青贮玉米, 农艺性状, 产量, 营养品质, 灰色关联度分析

Abstract:

With the development of animal husbandry around the city of Qiqihar in Heilongjiang Province, it is urgent to identify silage maize (Zea mays) varieties that are suitable for cultivation in this area to support sustainable development. In this study, 15 maize varieties, including common maize, fresh corn, grain and feed maize, and silage maize were cultivated in a field experiment. Indexes including the growth period, agronomic traits, yield, and nutritional components were measured, and a comparative evaluation using grey relational analysis was conducted to rank the cultivars in terms of their overall production performance. The number of days from sowing to harvest (when the kernel milk line was between 1/2 and 3/4) in the 15 maize varieties ranged from 119 to 134 days, with Jingke silage 932, Jingke 968, and Xianda 304 maturing later than the other 12 varieties. Among all the tested varieties, Jingke silage 932 had the highest values for plant height, ear height, number of green leaves, and ear length. Jingke waxy 768 had the largest stem diameter (3.05 cm). Xianyu 1506 had the shortest ear bald tip length (0.85 cm). The fresh weight yields of Xianda 511, Xianyu 1506, Heyu 321, and Jingke silage 932 were higher than 60 t·ha–1; and the dry matter yields of Lihe 328 (21.42 t·ha–1), Xianyu 1506 (20.59 t·ha–1), Heyu 321 (20.13 t·ha–1), and Xianda 511 (19.84 t·ha–1) were significantly higher than those of the other varieties except Xianda 304 and Jingke silage 932 (P<0.05). The starch content was significantly higher in Xianyu 1506 (34.79%) and Xianda 511 (33.96%) than in the other varieties (P<0.05). Xianda 304 had the lowest contents of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber; and Xianda 205 had the highest crude protein content (7.44%). According to the results of a comprehensive comparative analysis using grey relational analysis, Xianda 511 and Xianyu 1506 had the highest comprehensive score, demonstrating the best overall production performance. Therefore, these two varieties are recommended as silage maize suitable for cultivation in the third temperature zone of Qiqihar.

Key words: silage maize, agronomic character, yield, nutritional quality, grey relational analysis