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草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (4): 86-99.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025186

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

宁夏干旱区燕麦新种质生产性能和种子产量综合评价研究

王一博1,2,3(), 明雪花1,2,3, 张建勇4, 袁琦5, 杜建明6, 王斌1,2,3, 王腾飞1,2,3, 张译尹1,2,3, 兰剑1,2,3, 牟乐1,2,3()   

  1. 1.宁夏大学林业与草业学院,宁夏 银川 750021
    2.宁夏草牧业工程技术研究中心,宁夏 银川 750021
    3.农业农村部饲草高效生产模式创新重点实验室,宁夏 银川 750021
    4.宁夏回族自治区畜牧工作站,宁夏 银川 750002
    5.宁夏隆德县观庄畜牧兽医工作站,宁夏 固原 756300
    6.宁夏农林科学院林业与草地生态研究所,宁夏 银川 750021
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-09 修回日期:2025-06-04 出版日期:2026-04-20 发布日期:2026-02-07
  • 通讯作者: 牟乐
  • 作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: mule069@nxu.edu.cn
    王一博(2001-),男,河南周口人,在读硕士。E-mail: 573462458@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    优质牧草提质增效关键技术研究与集成示范项目(NGSB-2021-15-02);宁夏高等学校一流学科建设(草学学科)项目(NXYLXK2017A01);“一年两熟”人工草地可持续发展模式研究与示范项目(2021BBF02001);宁夏抗旱节水优质饲草新品种选育与良种繁育项目(2019NYYZ0402)

Multi-trait evaluation of the production performance and seed yield of new oat germplasm materials in the arid area of Ningxia

Yi-bo WANG1,2,3(), Xue-hua MING1,2,3, Jian-yong ZHANG4, Qi YUAN5, Jian-ming DU6, Bin WANG1,2,3, Teng-fei WANG1,2,3, Yi-yin ZHANG1,2,3, Jian LAN1,2,3, Le MU1,2,3()   

  1. 1.School of Forestry and Grassland Science,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China
    2.Ningxia Grassland and Animal Husbandry Engineering Technology Research Center,Yinchuan 750021,China
    3.Key Laboratory of Forage Efficient Production Mode Innovation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yinchuan 750021,China
    4.Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Animal Husbandry Workstation,Yinchuan 750002,China
    5.Guanzhuang Livestock and Veterinary Workstation in Longde County,Guyuan 756300,China
    6.Institute of Forestry and Grassland Ecology,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan 750021,China
  • Received:2025-05-09 Revised:2025-06-04 Online:2026-04-20 Published:2026-02-07
  • Contact: Le MU

摘要:

为应对宁夏干旱区旱作燕麦种质资源遗传多样性不足、适宜栽培品种稀缺的产业瓶颈,本研究于2023年在宁夏大学盐池四墩子试验基地,采用单因素随机区组设计对21份燕麦新种质及3个主推品种(CK1、CK2、CK3)进行田间比较试验,通过主成分分析(PCA)与聚类分析系统解析其农艺性状、种子生产性能及发芽特性的遗传差异。结果表明:L9在穗长(30.13 cm)、单株穗粒数(141.67粒)、粗蛋白产量(0.58 g·株-1)、种子宽(3.36 mm)及实际种子产量(4726.33 kg·hm-2)等核心生产指标上表现最优;L2则兼具株高(159.33 cm)、单株干重(5.69 g)、千粒重(38.53 g)、发芽率(98.67%)及种子产量(4423.53 kg·hm-2)的多维度优势。PCA综合评价模型显示,L9、L2和L17位列前三,其综合得分较CK1、CK2、CK3提升23.6%~41.8%。基于欧氏距离的聚类分析将参试材料划分为三大类群,其中第Ⅱ类群(L2、L9、L19)在种子产量、发芽特性及生物量积累等关键指标上显著优于其他类群(P<0.05)。本研究筛选出L2和L9两个抗旱高产型燕麦种质,其种子产量较区域主栽品种提高18.02%~40.47%。研究结果不仅为干旱区燕麦品种更新提供了可应用的优异种质,还为旱作燕麦育种提供了核心亲本资源。

关键词: 燕麦, 新种质, 生产性能, 种子产量, 主成分分析, 聚类分析

Abstract:

There is limited genetic diversity among dryland oat germplasm resources and a paucity of oat varieties suitable for cultivation in the arid area of Ningxia. To address these problems, we conducted an experiment with a single-factor randomized block design to compare the performance of 21 new oat germplasm materials and three main varieties (CK1, CK2, CK3) at the Yanchi Sidunzi Experimental Base of Ningxia University in 2023. Differences in their agronomic traits, seed production performance, and germination characteristics were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis methods. The results show that the new strain L9 performed best in terms of core production indexes such as ear length (30.13 cm), grain number per plant (141.67 grains), crude protein yield (0.58 g·plant-1), seed width (3.36 mm), and actual seed yield (4726.33 kg·ha-1). L2 had multi-dimensional advantages of plant height (159.33 cm), dry weight per plant (5.69 g), 1000-grain weight (38.53 g), germination rate (98.67%), and seed yield (4423.53 kg·ha-1). The PCA multi-trait evaluation model showed that L9, L2, and L17 ranked as the top three varieties, with multivariate scores 23.6%-41.8% higher than those of CK1, CK2, and CK3. The cluster analysis based on Euclidean distance divided the test materials into three groups, among which group Ⅱ (L2, L9, L19) showed significantly better performance than the other groups in terms of key indicators such as seed yield, germination characteristics, and biomass accumulation (P<0.05). Two drought-resistant and high-yielding oat germplasm materials, L2 and L9, were screened out, and their seed yield was 18.02%-40.47% higher than that of the main varieties in the region. The results of this study not only identify excellent oat germplasm lines for cultivation in arid areas, but also highlight core parental resources for breeding new drought-resistant oat varieties.

Key words: oats, new germplasm, production performance, seed yield, principal component analysis, cluster analysis