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草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (8): 134-143.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025334

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

25-羟基维生素D3对奶公牛生产性能和肌肉蛋白质合成基因表达的影响

张浩东(), 荆玉倩, 冯家欣, 刘百峤, 冯江, 孙楠, 霍文婕, 郭刚, 刘强(), 王聪   

  1. 山西农业大学动物科学学院,山西 太谷 030801
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-18 修回日期:2025-09-22 出版日期:2026-08-20 发布日期:2026-06-22
  • 通讯作者: 刘强
  • 作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: liuqiangabc@163.com
    张浩东(2001-),男,天津人,在读硕士。E-mail: 2864494680@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    山西省肉牛产业技术创新战略联盟(2025CXYRH-048);山西省现代农业牛产业技术体系建设项目(2025CYJSTX13)

Effects of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 on growth performance and expression of genes related to protein synthesis in muscle of dairy bulls

Hao-dong ZHANG(), Yu-qian JING, Jia-xin FENG, Bai-qiao LIU, Jiang FENG, Nan SUN, Wen-jie HUO, Gang GUO, Qiang LIU(), Cong WANG   

  1. College of Animal Science,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,China
  • Received:2025-08-18 Revised:2025-09-22 Online:2026-08-20 Published:2026-06-22
  • Contact: Qiang LIU

摘要:

本试验旨在探究25-羟基维生素D3(CAL)和包被CAL(CCAL)对奶公牛生长性能、养分消化、瘤胃发酵、血液指标和肌肉蛋白质合成关键基因表达的影响。选择50头体重[(175.6±16.81) kg]和年龄[(6.0±0.2)月]相近的荷斯坦公牛,依据随机区组设计分为5组,每组10头牛。对照组饲喂基础日粮,低CAL(LCAL)、高CAL(HCAL)、低CCAL(LCCAL)和高CCAL(HCCAL)组分别以CAL或CCAL的形式补充0.5或1.0 mg CAL·d-1。公牛饲养试验期为70 d,其中预饲期10 d,正式试验期间测定公牛体重,采集饲料样、粪样、瘤胃液、血液和肌肉组织样品。结果显示:1)随CAL或CCAL添加水平的增加,公牛平均日增重(ADG)线性提高(P<0.05),料重比线性降低(P<0.05);干物质、有机物和中性洗涤纤维表观消化率线性提高(P<0.05);瘤胃总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)含量、异丁酸和异戊酸摩尔比线性提高(P<0.05),乙酸/丙酸线性降低(P<0.05);血液总蛋白、白蛋白、胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF-1)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、CAL和1,25-二羟基维生素D3含量线性提高(P<0.05),丙二醛含量线性降低(P<0.05);肌肉IGF-1、胰岛素样生长因子-1受体(IGF-1R)、磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)、哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)和核糖体蛋白S6激酶(P70S6K)mRNA相对表达量线性提高(P<0.05)。2)CCAL组公牛ADG、血液T-AOC、GSH-Px、CAL和1,25-二羟基维生素D3含量、肌肉IGF-1IGF-1RPI3KmTORP70S6K mRNA相对表达量显著高于CAL组(P<0.05),养分消化率和瘤胃TVFA含量与CAL组无显著差异(P>0.05),料重比显著低于CAL组(P<0.05)。综上表明,CCAL对提高公牛生长性能和降低料重比较CAL更有效。

关键词: 25-羟基维生素D3, 养分消化, 瘤胃发酵, 抗氧化状态, 肌肉蛋白质合成, 荷斯坦公牛

Abstract:

We evaluated the effects of 25-hydroxyvitamin D? (CAL) and coated CAL (CCAL) on the average daily weight gain, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, blood metabolites, and transcript profiles of genes related to protein synthesis in muscle of dairy bulls. Fifty Holstein bulls with (175.6 ± 16.81) kg body weight and (6.0 ± 0.2) months of age were assigned in a randomized block design to five groups with 10 bulls per group. Bulls in the control group received no supplementation, and those in the low CAL (LCAL), high CAL (HCAL), low CCAL (LCCAL), and high CCAL (HCCAL) groups received supplementation of 0.5 or 1.0 mg·d?1 in the form of CAL or CCAL, respectively. The experimental period was 70 days, with 10 days for adaptation. During the data and sample collection period, the body weights of bulls were measured, and samples of feed, feces, ruminal fluid, blood, and muscle were collected. 1) It was found that with increasing CAL or CCAL supplementation, the average daily gain (ADG) increased linearly (P<0.05), and the feed-to-gain ratio decreased linearly (P<0.05). The apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and neutral detergent fiber increased linearly (P<0.05) with increasing CAL or CCAL supplementation. Ruminal total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) content and molar proportions of isobutyrate and isovalerate increased linearly (P<0.05), but the acetate-to-propionate ratio decreased linearly (P<0.05) with increasing CAL or CCAL supplementation. Blood total protein, albumin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), CAL, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D? increased linearly (P<0.05), but the malondialdehyde content decreased linearly (P<0.05) with increasing CAL or CCAL supplementation. The transcript levels of IGF-1IGF-1RPI3KmTOR, and P70S6K (encoding insulin-like growth factor-1, insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, mechanistic target of rapamycin, and ribosomal protein S6 kinase, respectively) in muscle increased linearly (P<0.05) with increasing CAL or CCAL supplementation. 2) Compared with bulls in the CAL groups, those in the CCAL groups had higher ADG, blood T-AOC, GSH-Px, CAL, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D? levels and higher transcript levels of IGF-1IGF-1RPI3KmTOR and P70S6K inmuscle, similar nutrient digestibility and ruminal TVFA contents, but lower feed-to-gain ratio. These results indicate that CCAL is more effective than CAL for increasing the growth performance of bulls and decreasing the feed-to-gain ratio.

Key words: 25-hydroxyvitamin D?, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, antioxidant status, muscle protein synthesis, Holstein bull