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草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (10): 61-78.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025443

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于减排效应的苜蓿草地种植模式与氮肥管理优化研究

银敏华1(), 常文静1, 银建新2, 段丫丫1, 李海燕1, 王彦彪1, 康燕霞1(), 马彦麟1, 王亚玉1, 齐广平1   

  1. 1.甘肃农业大学水利水电工程学院,甘肃 兰州 730070
    2.浙江省质量科学研究院,浙江 杭州 310018
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-23 修回日期:2026-01-12 出版日期:2026-10-20 发布日期:2026-09-09
  • 通讯作者: 康燕霞
  • 作者简介:E-mail: yanxiakang@gsau.edu.cn
    银敏华(1987-),女,山西忻州人,副教授,博士。E-mail: yinmh@gsau.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(52069001);国家自然科学基金项目(52269009);国家自然科学基金项目(52469007);甘肃农业大学第五批“伏羲青年英才”项目(Gaufx-05Y11);甘肃农业大学青年导师扶持基金项目(GAU-QDFC-2023-12);甘肃省重点研发计划项目(23YFFA0020);甘肃农业大学“西北旱区特色作物水土资源高效利用创新”学科团队建设专项(GAU-XKTD-2022-09)

Optimization of alfalfa pasture planting patterns and nitrogen fertilizer management to reduce greenhouse gas emissions

Min-hua YIN1(), Wen-jing CHANG1, Jian-xin YIN2, Ya-ya DUAN1, Hai-yan LI1, Yan-biao WANG1, Yan-xia KANG1(), Yan-lin MA1, Ya-yu WANG1, Guang-ping QI1   

  1. 1.College of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China
    2.Zhejiang Institute of Quality Sciences,Hangzhou 310018,China
  • Received:2025-10-23 Revised:2026-01-12 Online:2026-10-20 Published:2026-09-09
  • Contact: Yan-xia KANG

摘要:

在全球温室气体排放总量中,农业生产是重要的贡献源。苜蓿作为全球种植面积最大的人工牧草,虽具备根瘤固氮能力,但在以高产优质为目标的集约化生产中常施用一定量的外源氮肥,其温室气体排放效应不容忽视。优化种植管理模式是减少苜蓿草地温室气体排放的有效途径。本研究通过设置3种种植模式[传统平作(FP)、垄覆生物降解地膜(BM)、垄覆普通地膜(PM)]、2种氮肥类型[(尿素(U)、控释氮肥(C)]和4种施氮水平(0、80、160、240 kg·hm-2),系统分析了种植模式与氮肥管理对苜蓿草地CO2、CH4和N2O排放的影响。结果表明,苜蓿草地为CO2、N2O净排放源和CH4吸收汇。与施用尿素相比,施用控释氮肥能显著降低CO2和N2O的累积排放量,并提高CH4的累积吸收量。苜蓿草地CO2、N2O累积排放量和CH4累积吸收量均随施氮水平提高呈增加趋势,且表现为PM>BM>FP。BM和PM的苜蓿产量较FP分别平均提高43.56%和30.07%,施用控释氮肥的苜蓿产量较施用尿素平均提高8.46%,施用160 kg·hm-2 控释氮肥结合垄覆生物降解地膜(BMC2)的苜蓿产量最高(24.83 t·hm-2),较不覆膜不施氮处理提高97.11%。施用控释氮肥的全球增温潜势(GWP)和温室气体排放强度(GHGI)分别较施用尿素平均降低12.26%和15.04%。BM的GWP较PM处理平均降低15.28%,较FP处理平均提高15.12%,GHGI较PM和FP平均分别降低11.84%和17.18%。综上,在本研究条件下,施用160 kg·hm?2 控释氮肥结合垄覆生物降解地膜(BMC2处理)是甘肃引黄灌区及类似生态区苜蓿草地增产减排的推荐种植管理模式。

关键词: 控释氮肥, 生物降解地膜, 温室气体排放, 种植管理模式, 苜蓿

Abstract:

Agricultural production is a significant contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is the world’s most widely cultivated forage crop, and it fixes nitrogen via its root nodules. However, in intensive production systems targeting high yields and quality, this crop is often supplied with nitrogen fertilizers, and this impacts greenhouse gas emissions. Optimizing planting management practices is an effective approach to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from alfalfa fields. In this study, we analyzed the effects of planting patterns and nitrogen management on CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions from alfalfa fields. We conducted a field experiment to analyze the effects on greenhouse gas emissions of three planting patterns (flat planting, FP; ridge-furrow planting with biodegradable film mulching over the ridge, BM; ridge-furrow planting with plastic film mulching over the ridge, PM), two types of nitrogen fertilizer (urea, U; controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer, C), and four nitrogen application levels (0, 80, 160, 240 kg·ha-1). The results show that alfalfa fields served as a net source of CO2 and N2O emissions and a sink for CH4 absorption. Compared with application of urea, application of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer significantly reduced cumulative CO2 and N2O emissions while increasing cumulative CH4 uptake. Cumulative CO2 emissions, N2O emissions, and CH4 uptake all increased with increasing nitrogen application levels, with the largest increases in the PM treatment, followed by the BM treatment, and then the FP treatment. Alfalfa yields in the BM and PM treatments were 43.56% and 30.07% higher, respectively, than that in the FP treatment. Alfalfa yields were 8.46% higher in the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer treatments than in the urea treatments. The highest yield (24.83 t·ha-1) was in the treatment combining 160 kg·ha-1 controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer and biodegradable mulch film on ridges, representing a 97.11% increase compared with the yield in the unmulched, nitrogen-free treatment. The global warming potential (GWP) and greenhouse gas emission intensity (GHGI) were 12.26% and 15.04%, lower, respectively, in the controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer treatment than in the urea treatment. The GWP in the BM treatment was 15.28% lower than that in the PM treatment, and 15.12% higher than that in the FP treatment. The lowest GHGI was in the BM treatment, and was 11.84% lower than that in the PM treatment and 17.18% lower than that in the FP treatment. In summary, under these conditions, application of 160 kg·ha-1 controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer combined with ridge-covered biodegradable mulch (BMC2 treatment) is the recommended cropping management system for increasing alfalfa yields and reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the Gansu Yellow River irrigation district and similar ecological zones.

Key words: controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer, biodegradable film, greenhouse gas emission, planting and management pattern, alfalfa