草业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (9): 195-205.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2021320
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
张耀1,2(), 黄小云1,2, 陈鑫珠3, 黄勤楼1,2(), 黄秀声1,2(), 韩海东1,2
收稿日期:
2021-08-25
修回日期:
2021-11-22
出版日期:
2022-09-20
发布日期:
2022-08-12
通讯作者:
黄勤楼,黄秀声
作者简介:
Corresponding author. E-mail: hxs706@163.com基金资助:
Yao ZHANG1,2(), Xiao-yun HUANG1,2, Xin-zhu CHEN3, Qin-lou HUANG1,2(), Xiu-sheng HUANG1,2(), Hai-dong HAN1,2
Received:
2021-08-25
Revised:
2021-11-22
Online:
2022-09-20
Published:
2022-08-12
Contact:
Qin-lou HUANG,Xiu-sheng HUANG
摘要:
本试验旨在研究不同添加比例发酵海鲜菇菌糠对简阳大耳黄羊屠宰性能、羊肉氨基酸、脂肪酸含量等品质的影响。采用单因子试验设计,选取简阳大耳黄羊48只,随机分为4组,每组12只羊。分别在基础日粮中添加0(C组,对照组)、20%(L组)、30%(M组)、40%(H组)发酵海鲜菇菌糠。预试期10 d,正试期120 d。结果表明:1)L组宰前活重和眼肌面积显著高于H组(P<0.05),肺脏、肾脏、瘤胃、小肠、大肠重量以及瘤胃占宰前活重比例显著高于其余3组(P<0.05)。且随发酵菌糠添加量的增加,眼肌面积、肺脏、肾脏、瘤胃、小肠以及大肠重量呈二次变化(P<0.05)。2)各组间背最长肌pH无显著差异(P>0.05);L组24和48 h滴水损失显著低于其余3组(P<0.05),且均随添加水平的提高呈二次变化(P<0.05),熟肉率显著高于H组(P<0.05),剪切力显著低于H组(P<0.05)。3)L组背最长肌中必需氨基酸总量显著高于C组(P<0.05),天冬氨酸、苏氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、精氨酸含量显著高于C和H组(P<0.05),丙氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸含量显著高于其余各组(P<0.05),脯氨酸、甘氨酸含量显著高于C和M组(P<0.05),其中,缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、赖氨酸和天冬氨酸含量随发酵菌糠添加量的增加呈二次变化(P<0.05)。4)各组间脂肪酸含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。其中,硬脂酸(C18:0)和α-亚麻酸(C18:3n3)含量随发酵菌糠添加水平的增加分别呈二次变化和线性升高(P<0.05),H组C18:3n3含量较C组提高了16.48%,试验组多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)和n-3 PUFA含量较C组有不同程度的提高,n-6/n-3较C组分别下降了0.64%、11.73%和12.34%。综上所述,日粮中发酵海鲜菇菌糠添加水平为20%时对提高山羊内脏器官发育以及改善肉品质方面具有较好的效果。
张耀, 黄小云, 陈鑫珠, 黄勤楼, 黄秀声, 韩海东. 海鲜菇菌糠发酵饲料对山羊屠宰性能及肉品质的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2022, 31(9): 195-205.
Yao ZHANG, Xiao-yun HUANG, Xin-zhu CHEN, Qin-lou HUANG, Xiu-sheng HUANG, Hai-dong HAN. Effects of fermented Hypsizygus marmoreus mushroom residue on slaughter performance and mutton quality of goats[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2022, 31(9): 195-205.
项目 Items | 干物质 DM (%) | 粗蛋白 CP (%) | 中性洗涤纤维 NDF (%) | 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF (%) | 半纤维素 HC (%) | pH |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
发酵前Before fermentation | 36.39±0.04 | 8.21±0.52 | 48.25±0.99 | 36.52±2.00 | 11.73±2.53 | 5.63±0.06 |
发酵后After fermentation | 35.71±0.17 | 9.17±0.19 | 42.77±1.07 | 34.45±0.69 | 8.32±1.48 | 3.29±0.02 |
表1 海鲜菇菌糠发酵前后营养成分
Table 1 Nutritional composition of H. marmoreus mushroom residue before and after fermentation
项目 Items | 干物质 DM (%) | 粗蛋白 CP (%) | 中性洗涤纤维 NDF (%) | 酸性洗涤纤维 ADF (%) | 半纤维素 HC (%) | pH |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
发酵前Before fermentation | 36.39±0.04 | 8.21±0.52 | 48.25±0.99 | 36.52±2.00 | 11.73±2.53 | 5.63±0.06 |
发酵后After fermentation | 35.71±0.17 | 9.17±0.19 | 42.77±1.07 | 34.45±0.69 | 8.32±1.48 | 3.29±0.02 |
项目 Items | 组别Groups | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
C | L | M | H | |
发酵海鲜菇菌糠Fermented H. marmoreus mushroom residue (%) | 0 | 20 | 30 | 40 |
花生秧Peanut vine (%) | 45.00 | 28.00 | 19.50 | 11.00 |
玉米Corn (%) | 25.00 | 21.00 | 20.00 | 18.00 |
麦麸Bran (%) | 12.50 | 13.50 | 13.00 | 13.50 |
豆粕Soybean meal (%) | 11.00 | 11.00 | 11.00 | 11.00 |
磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 (%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
食盐NaCl (%) | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 |
预混料Premix1) | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 |
合计Total | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
营养水平Nutrient levels2) | ||||
干物质DM (%) | 78.28 | 75.71 | 72.16 | 69.63 |
粗蛋白CP (%) | 13.64 | 13.36 | 13.20 | 13.06 |
中性洗涤纤维NDF (%) | 29.59 | 29.95 | 29.86 | 30.04 |
酸性洗涤纤维ADF (%) | 23.02 | 22.33 | 21.87 | 21.53 |
钙Ca (%) | 1.46 | 1.50 | 1.52 | 1.54 |
磷P (%) | 0.50 | 0.54 | 0.56 | 0.58 |
代谢能ME (MJ·kg-1) | 9.67 | 9.74 | 9.74 | 9.77 |
表2 基础饲粮组成及营养水平(干物质基础)
Table 2 Composition and nutrient levels of basal diets (DM basis)
项目 Items | 组别Groups | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
C | L | M | H | |
发酵海鲜菇菌糠Fermented H. marmoreus mushroom residue (%) | 0 | 20 | 30 | 40 |
花生秧Peanut vine (%) | 45.00 | 28.00 | 19.50 | 11.00 |
玉米Corn (%) | 25.00 | 21.00 | 20.00 | 18.00 |
麦麸Bran (%) | 12.50 | 13.50 | 13.00 | 13.50 |
豆粕Soybean meal (%) | 11.00 | 11.00 | 11.00 | 11.00 |
磷酸氢钙CaHPO4 (%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
食盐NaCl (%) | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 |
预混料Premix1) | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 |
合计Total | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
营养水平Nutrient levels2) | ||||
干物质DM (%) | 78.28 | 75.71 | 72.16 | 69.63 |
粗蛋白CP (%) | 13.64 | 13.36 | 13.20 | 13.06 |
中性洗涤纤维NDF (%) | 29.59 | 29.95 | 29.86 | 30.04 |
酸性洗涤纤维ADF (%) | 23.02 | 22.33 | 21.87 | 21.53 |
钙Ca (%) | 1.46 | 1.50 | 1.52 | 1.54 |
磷P (%) | 0.50 | 0.54 | 0.56 | 0.58 |
代谢能ME (MJ·kg-1) | 9.67 | 9.74 | 9.74 | 9.77 |
项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值P value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C | L | M | H | 处理Treatment | 线性Linear | 二次Quadratic | |
宰前活重LWBS (kg) | 31.03±1.69ab | 33.00±0.96a | 30.63±1.37ab | 29.73±1.14b | 0.08 | 0.31 | 0.07 |
胴体重Carcass weight (kg) | 15.72±0.98a | 16.77±1.06a | 15.40±1.23a | 15.06±0.36a | 0.23 | 0.39 | 0.21 |
屠宰率Dressing percentage (%) | 50.74±3.76a | 50.79±1.76a | 50.24±2.06a | 50.68±0.76a | 0.99 | 0.90 | 0.99 |
骨重Bone weight (kg) | 3.43±0.15a | 3.50±0.30a | 3.37±0.15a | 3.37±0.35a | 0.90 | 0.66 | 0.83 |
净肉重Net meat weight (kg) | 12.29±0.86a | 13.27±0.80a | 12.04±1.31a | 11.70±0.68a | 0.28 | 0.42 | 0.23 |
肉骨比Meat to bone ratio (%) | 3.58±0.16a | 3.80±0.20a | 3.59±0.49a | 3.51±0.58a | 0.83 | 0.81 | 0.70 |
净肉率Net meat rate (%) | 39.66±3.31a | 40.19±1.24a | 39.23±2.84a | 39.32±1.08a | 0.96 | 0.78 | 0.92 |
眼肌面积Eye muscle area (cm2) | 16.90±0.26ab | 18.19±1.52a | 16.64±0.39ab | 15.58±0.20b | 0.03 | 0.17 | 0.02 |
GR值GR value (mm) | 4.40±1.28a | 5.33±1.10a | 4.50±0.66a | 4.30±1.05a | 0.63 | 0.85 | 0.52 |
表3 菌糠发酵饲料对山羊屠宰性能的影响
Table 3 The effect of fermented feed with mushroom residues on goat slaughter performance
项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值P value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C | L | M | H | 处理Treatment | 线性Linear | 二次Quadratic | |
宰前活重LWBS (kg) | 31.03±1.69ab | 33.00±0.96a | 30.63±1.37ab | 29.73±1.14b | 0.08 | 0.31 | 0.07 |
胴体重Carcass weight (kg) | 15.72±0.98a | 16.77±1.06a | 15.40±1.23a | 15.06±0.36a | 0.23 | 0.39 | 0.21 |
屠宰率Dressing percentage (%) | 50.74±3.76a | 50.79±1.76a | 50.24±2.06a | 50.68±0.76a | 0.99 | 0.90 | 0.99 |
骨重Bone weight (kg) | 3.43±0.15a | 3.50±0.30a | 3.37±0.15a | 3.37±0.35a | 0.90 | 0.66 | 0.83 |
净肉重Net meat weight (kg) | 12.29±0.86a | 13.27±0.80a | 12.04±1.31a | 11.70±0.68a | 0.28 | 0.42 | 0.23 |
肉骨比Meat to bone ratio (%) | 3.58±0.16a | 3.80±0.20a | 3.59±0.49a | 3.51±0.58a | 0.83 | 0.81 | 0.70 |
净肉率Net meat rate (%) | 39.66±3.31a | 40.19±1.24a | 39.23±2.84a | 39.32±1.08a | 0.96 | 0.78 | 0.92 |
眼肌面积Eye muscle area (cm2) | 16.90±0.26ab | 18.19±1.52a | 16.64±0.39ab | 15.58±0.20b | 0.03 | 0.17 | 0.02 |
GR值GR value (mm) | 4.40±1.28a | 5.33±1.10a | 4.50±0.66a | 4.30±1.05a | 0.63 | 0.85 | 0.52 |
器官 Organ | 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值P value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C | L | M | H | 处理Treatment | 线性Linear | 二次Quadratic | ||
心脏 Heart | 重量Weight (g) | 168.17±12.50a | 194.50±12.38a | 175.33±21.92a | 173.33±12.27a | 0.25 | 0.80 | 0.25 |
占宰前活重比例Percentage of LWBS (%) | 0.54±0.04a | 0.59±0.03a | 0.58±0.10a | 0.58±0.06a | 0.79 | 0.40 | 0.63 | |
肝脏 Liver | 重量Weight (g) | 478.33±27.14a | 522.83±16.43a | 479.67±32.56a | 478.67±23.82a | 0.17 | 0.86 | 0.25 |
占宰前活重比例Percentage of LWBS (%) | 1.54±0.01a | 1.59±0.09a | 1.57±0.15a | 1.61±0.02a | 0.81 | 0.37 | 0.68 | |
脾脏 Spleen | 重量Weight (g) | 28.17±4.89a | 31.40±6.02a | 28.17±1.75a | 26.90±5.01a | 0.69 | 0.71 | 0.54 |
占宰前活重比例Percentage of LWBS (%) | 0.09±0.02a | 0.10±0.02a | 0.09±0.01a | 0.09±0.02a | 0.99 | 0.95 | 0.95 | |
肺脏 Lung | 重量Weight (g) | 436.33±22.05b | 505.83±30.81a | 457.50±9.37b | 420.83±22.50b | 0.01 | 0.69 | 0.01 |
占宰前活重比例Percentage of LWBS (%) | 1.41±0.12a | 1.53±0.07a | 1.50±0.10a | 1.42±0.05a | 0.30 | 0.79 | 0.15 | |
肾脏 Kidney | 重量Weight (g) | 141.67±6.03b | 157.27±10.10a | 143.67±4.93b | 137.67±3.21b | 0.03 | 0.59 | 0.03 |
占宰前活重比例Percentage of LWBS (%) | 0.46±0.01a | 0.48±0.02a | 0.47±0.04a | 0.46±0.02a | 0.74 | 0.66 | 0.53 | |
瘤胃 Rumen | 重量Weight (g) | 714.50±57.53b | 846.67±36.53a | 703.67±44.07b | 671.67±18.61b | 0.00 | 0.41 | 0.02 |
占宰前活重比例Percentage of LWBS (%) | 2.31±0.19b | 2.57±0.07a | 2.30±0.05b | 2.26±0.12b | 0.05 | 0.62 | 0.11 | |
网胃 Reticulum | 重量 Weight (g) | 120.50±15.39a | 146.17±16.54a | 133.67±16.40a | 115.67±12.47a | 0.14 | 0.88 | 0.06 |
占宰前活重比例Percentage of LWBS (%) | 0.39±0.05a | 0.44±0.05a | 0.44±0.07a | 0.39±0.04a | 0.48 | 0.81 | 0.28 | |
瓣胃 Omasum | 重量 Weight (g) | 229.83±30.73a | 223.50±30.62a | 212.33±24.51a | 218.00±11.46a | 0.85 | 0.43 | 0.73 |
占宰前活重比例Percentage of LWBS (%) | 0.74±0.06a | 0.68±0.07a | 0.69±0.10a | 0.73±0.05a | 0.68 | 0.84 | 0.45 | |
皱胃 Abomasum | 重量Weight (g) | 295.43±75.02a | 326.83±29.51a | 283.67±35.16a | 274.83±13.04a | 0.54 | 0.50 | 0.45 |
占宰前活重比例Percentage of LWBS (%) | 0.95±0.21a | 0.99±0.09a | 0.93±0.15a | 0.92±0.03a | 0.93 | 0.77 | 0.86 | |
小肠 Small intestine | 重量Weight (g) | 753.33±34.30b | 813.67±29.10a | 737.50±17.58b | 706.83±5.69b | 0.00 | 0.18 | 0.01 |
占宰前活重比例Percentage of LWBS (%) | 2.43±0.07a | 2.47±0.13a | 2.41±0.07a | 2.38±0.09a | 0.71 | 0.48 | 0.54 | |
大肠 Large intestine | 重量Weight (g) | 556.97±15.50b | 608.00±11.91a | 552.83±31.72b | 533.83±18.91b | 0.01 | 0.35 | 0.02 |
占宰前活重比例Percentage of LWBS (%) | 1.80±0.15a | 1.84±0.07a | 1.80±0.07a | 1.80±0.04a | 0.92 | 0.92 | 0.82 |
表4 菌糠发酵饲料对山羊器官发育的影响
Table 4 The effect of fermented feed with mushroom residues on goat organ development
器官 Organ | 项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值P value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C | L | M | H | 处理Treatment | 线性Linear | 二次Quadratic | ||
心脏 Heart | 重量Weight (g) | 168.17±12.50a | 194.50±12.38a | 175.33±21.92a | 173.33±12.27a | 0.25 | 0.80 | 0.25 |
占宰前活重比例Percentage of LWBS (%) | 0.54±0.04a | 0.59±0.03a | 0.58±0.10a | 0.58±0.06a | 0.79 | 0.40 | 0.63 | |
肝脏 Liver | 重量Weight (g) | 478.33±27.14a | 522.83±16.43a | 479.67±32.56a | 478.67±23.82a | 0.17 | 0.86 | 0.25 |
占宰前活重比例Percentage of LWBS (%) | 1.54±0.01a | 1.59±0.09a | 1.57±0.15a | 1.61±0.02a | 0.81 | 0.37 | 0.68 | |
脾脏 Spleen | 重量Weight (g) | 28.17±4.89a | 31.40±6.02a | 28.17±1.75a | 26.90±5.01a | 0.69 | 0.71 | 0.54 |
占宰前活重比例Percentage of LWBS (%) | 0.09±0.02a | 0.10±0.02a | 0.09±0.01a | 0.09±0.02a | 0.99 | 0.95 | 0.95 | |
肺脏 Lung | 重量Weight (g) | 436.33±22.05b | 505.83±30.81a | 457.50±9.37b | 420.83±22.50b | 0.01 | 0.69 | 0.01 |
占宰前活重比例Percentage of LWBS (%) | 1.41±0.12a | 1.53±0.07a | 1.50±0.10a | 1.42±0.05a | 0.30 | 0.79 | 0.15 | |
肾脏 Kidney | 重量Weight (g) | 141.67±6.03b | 157.27±10.10a | 143.67±4.93b | 137.67±3.21b | 0.03 | 0.59 | 0.03 |
占宰前活重比例Percentage of LWBS (%) | 0.46±0.01a | 0.48±0.02a | 0.47±0.04a | 0.46±0.02a | 0.74 | 0.66 | 0.53 | |
瘤胃 Rumen | 重量Weight (g) | 714.50±57.53b | 846.67±36.53a | 703.67±44.07b | 671.67±18.61b | 0.00 | 0.41 | 0.02 |
占宰前活重比例Percentage of LWBS (%) | 2.31±0.19b | 2.57±0.07a | 2.30±0.05b | 2.26±0.12b | 0.05 | 0.62 | 0.11 | |
网胃 Reticulum | 重量 Weight (g) | 120.50±15.39a | 146.17±16.54a | 133.67±16.40a | 115.67±12.47a | 0.14 | 0.88 | 0.06 |
占宰前活重比例Percentage of LWBS (%) | 0.39±0.05a | 0.44±0.05a | 0.44±0.07a | 0.39±0.04a | 0.48 | 0.81 | 0.28 | |
瓣胃 Omasum | 重量 Weight (g) | 229.83±30.73a | 223.50±30.62a | 212.33±24.51a | 218.00±11.46a | 0.85 | 0.43 | 0.73 |
占宰前活重比例Percentage of LWBS (%) | 0.74±0.06a | 0.68±0.07a | 0.69±0.10a | 0.73±0.05a | 0.68 | 0.84 | 0.45 | |
皱胃 Abomasum | 重量Weight (g) | 295.43±75.02a | 326.83±29.51a | 283.67±35.16a | 274.83±13.04a | 0.54 | 0.50 | 0.45 |
占宰前活重比例Percentage of LWBS (%) | 0.95±0.21a | 0.99±0.09a | 0.93±0.15a | 0.92±0.03a | 0.93 | 0.77 | 0.86 | |
小肠 Small intestine | 重量Weight (g) | 753.33±34.30b | 813.67±29.10a | 737.50±17.58b | 706.83±5.69b | 0.00 | 0.18 | 0.01 |
占宰前活重比例Percentage of LWBS (%) | 2.43±0.07a | 2.47±0.13a | 2.41±0.07a | 2.38±0.09a | 0.71 | 0.48 | 0.54 | |
大肠 Large intestine | 重量Weight (g) | 556.97±15.50b | 608.00±11.91a | 552.83±31.72b | 533.83±18.91b | 0.01 | 0.35 | 0.02 |
占宰前活重比例Percentage of LWBS (%) | 1.80±0.15a | 1.84±0.07a | 1.80±0.07a | 1.80±0.04a | 0.92 | 0.92 | 0.82 |
项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值P value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C | L | M | H | 处理Treatment | 线性Linear | 二次Quadratic | |
pH (45 min) | 6.70±0.40a | 6.60±0.26a | 6.73±0.06a | 6.73±0.21a | 0.91 | 0.80 | 0.86 |
滴水损失Drip loss (%, 24 h) | 4.26±0.14a | 3.57±0.17b | 4.22±0.14a | 4.38±0.38a | 0.01 | 0.63 | 0.03 |
滴水损失Drip loss (%, 48 h) | 7.96±0.45a | 7.28±0.17b | 7.98±0.34a | 8.34±0.37a | 0.03 | 0.33 | 0.03 |
剪切力Shear force (kgf) | 4.43±0.21ab | 3.97±0.09b | 4.51±0.57ab | 4.67±0.30a | 0.16 | 0.41 | 0.15 |
熟肉率Cooked meat rate (%) | 57.97±2.28ab | 59.64±0.61a | 57.68±0.70ab | 57.04±0.23b | 0.14 | 0.39 | 0.13 |
表5 菌糠发酵饲料对羊肉肉质性状的影响
Table 5 The effect of fermented feed with mushroom residues on the meat quality of mutton
项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值P value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C | L | M | H | 处理Treatment | 线性Linear | 二次Quadratic | |
pH (45 min) | 6.70±0.40a | 6.60±0.26a | 6.73±0.06a | 6.73±0.21a | 0.91 | 0.80 | 0.86 |
滴水损失Drip loss (%, 24 h) | 4.26±0.14a | 3.57±0.17b | 4.22±0.14a | 4.38±0.38a | 0.01 | 0.63 | 0.03 |
滴水损失Drip loss (%, 48 h) | 7.96±0.45a | 7.28±0.17b | 7.98±0.34a | 8.34±0.37a | 0.03 | 0.33 | 0.03 |
剪切力Shear force (kgf) | 4.43±0.21ab | 3.97±0.09b | 4.51±0.57ab | 4.67±0.30a | 0.16 | 0.41 | 0.15 |
熟肉率Cooked meat rate (%) | 57.97±2.28ab | 59.64±0.61a | 57.68±0.70ab | 57.04±0.23b | 0.14 | 0.39 | 0.13 |
项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值P value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C | L | M | H | 处理Treatment | 线性Linear | 二次 Quadratic | |
必需氨基酸Essential amino acid | |||||||
苏氨酸Threonine | 7.21±0.80b | 8.36±0.33a | 7.59±0.51ab | 7.22±0.20b | 0.07 | 0.99 | 0.06 |
缬氨酸Valine | 7.98±0.67b | 9.41±0.22a | 8.40±0.34b | 8.12±0.33b | 0.01 | 0.87 | 0.03 |
蛋氨酸Methionine | 3.67±0.80a | 4.50±0.50a | 4.26±0.55a | 3.80±0.10a | 0.29 | 0.68 | 0.14 |
异亮氨酸Isoleucine | 7.24±0.70b | 8.91±0.27a | 7.74±0.42b | 7.24±0.35b | 0.01 | 0.97 | 0.01 |
亮氨酸Leucine | 13.88±1.20b | 15.71±0.70a | 14.43±0.32ab | 14.08±0.44b | 0.06 | 0.86 | 0.07 |
苯丙氨酸Phenylalanine | 7.84±0.35a | 8.11±0.64a | 8.35±1.30a | 8.61±0.97a | 0.75 | 0.25 | 0.52 |
赖氨酸Lysine | 14.87±1.38b | 17.09±0.77a | 15.52±0.53ab | 14.89±0.54b | 0.05 | 0.99 | 0.04 |
组氨酸Histidine | 5.58±1.05a | 6.12±1.22a | 6.12±0.53a | 5.97±0.41a | 0.86 | 0.50 | 0.66 |
必需氨基酸总量Total essential amino acids | 68.27±6.91b | 78.21±4.21a | 72.42±2.69ab | 69.92±2.91ab | 0.11 | 0.73 | 0.08 |
非必需氨基酸Non-essential amino acid | |||||||
天冬氨酸Aspartic acid | 12.60±1.82b | 16.52±0.58a | 13.72±2.29ab | 12.77±0.49b | 0.04 | 0.97 | 0.04 |
酪氨酸Tyrosine | 6.75±0.46a | 6.39±0.72a | 6.64±0.27a | 6.99±0.14a | 0.48 | 0.61 | 0.28 |
精氨酸Arginine | 10.50±0.91b | 12.01±0.42a | 11.00±0.45ab | 10.76±0.19b | 0.05 | 0.74 | 0.06 |
脯氨酸Proline | 10.88±0.74b | 12.31±0.31a | 11.28±0.14b | 11.69±0.30ab | 0.02 | 0.25 | 0.15 |
丝氨酸Serine | 5.77±0.61a | 6.36±0.24a | 5.97±0.23a | 5.84±0.09a | 0.24 | 0.85 | 0.19 |
谷氨酸Glutamate | 23.83±2.40a | 26.70±1.27a | 25.55±1.26a | 23.85±0.68a | 0.13 | 0.85 | 0.05 |
甘氨酸Glycine | 7.24±0.44c | 8.69±0.23a | 7.72±0.24bc | 8.31±0.51ab | 0.01 | 0.10 | 0.10 |
丙氨酸Alanine | 9.44±0.84b | 10.88±0.43a | 9.84±0.26b | 9.88±0.13b | 0.04 | 0.57 | 0.10 |
表6 菌糠发酵饲料对羊肉氨基酸含量的影响
Table 6 The effect of fermented feed withmushroom residue on amino acid content of mutton (g·kg-1)
项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值P value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C | L | M | H | 处理Treatment | 线性Linear | 二次 Quadratic | |
必需氨基酸Essential amino acid | |||||||
苏氨酸Threonine | 7.21±0.80b | 8.36±0.33a | 7.59±0.51ab | 7.22±0.20b | 0.07 | 0.99 | 0.06 |
缬氨酸Valine | 7.98±0.67b | 9.41±0.22a | 8.40±0.34b | 8.12±0.33b | 0.01 | 0.87 | 0.03 |
蛋氨酸Methionine | 3.67±0.80a | 4.50±0.50a | 4.26±0.55a | 3.80±0.10a | 0.29 | 0.68 | 0.14 |
异亮氨酸Isoleucine | 7.24±0.70b | 8.91±0.27a | 7.74±0.42b | 7.24±0.35b | 0.01 | 0.97 | 0.01 |
亮氨酸Leucine | 13.88±1.20b | 15.71±0.70a | 14.43±0.32ab | 14.08±0.44b | 0.06 | 0.86 | 0.07 |
苯丙氨酸Phenylalanine | 7.84±0.35a | 8.11±0.64a | 8.35±1.30a | 8.61±0.97a | 0.75 | 0.25 | 0.52 |
赖氨酸Lysine | 14.87±1.38b | 17.09±0.77a | 15.52±0.53ab | 14.89±0.54b | 0.05 | 0.99 | 0.04 |
组氨酸Histidine | 5.58±1.05a | 6.12±1.22a | 6.12±0.53a | 5.97±0.41a | 0.86 | 0.50 | 0.66 |
必需氨基酸总量Total essential amino acids | 68.27±6.91b | 78.21±4.21a | 72.42±2.69ab | 69.92±2.91ab | 0.11 | 0.73 | 0.08 |
非必需氨基酸Non-essential amino acid | |||||||
天冬氨酸Aspartic acid | 12.60±1.82b | 16.52±0.58a | 13.72±2.29ab | 12.77±0.49b | 0.04 | 0.97 | 0.04 |
酪氨酸Tyrosine | 6.75±0.46a | 6.39±0.72a | 6.64±0.27a | 6.99±0.14a | 0.48 | 0.61 | 0.28 |
精氨酸Arginine | 10.50±0.91b | 12.01±0.42a | 11.00±0.45ab | 10.76±0.19b | 0.05 | 0.74 | 0.06 |
脯氨酸Proline | 10.88±0.74b | 12.31±0.31a | 11.28±0.14b | 11.69±0.30ab | 0.02 | 0.25 | 0.15 |
丝氨酸Serine | 5.77±0.61a | 6.36±0.24a | 5.97±0.23a | 5.84±0.09a | 0.24 | 0.85 | 0.19 |
谷氨酸Glutamate | 23.83±2.40a | 26.70±1.27a | 25.55±1.26a | 23.85±0.68a | 0.13 | 0.85 | 0.05 |
甘氨酸Glycine | 7.24±0.44c | 8.69±0.23a | 7.72±0.24bc | 8.31±0.51ab | 0.01 | 0.10 | 0.10 |
丙氨酸Alanine | 9.44±0.84b | 10.88±0.43a | 9.84±0.26b | 9.88±0.13b | 0.04 | 0.57 | 0.10 |
项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值P value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C | L | M | H | 处理Treatment | 线性Linear | 二次Quadratic | |
癸酸Tannic acid (C10:0) | 24.41±2.37a | 26.66±4.54a | 26.66±5.30a | 27.39±2.53a | 0.80 | 0.32 | 0.60 |
月桂酸Lauric acid (C12:0) | 53.51±4.16a | 51.91±8.03a | 53.95±9.92a | 46.12±4.09a | 0.53 | 0.32 | 0.45 |
肉豆蔻酸Myristic acid (C14:0) | 607.96±58.70a | 659.62±49.87a | 564.00±42.06a | 588.21±59.77a | 0.23 | 0.45 | 0.53 |
肉豆蔻烯酸Myristoleic acid (C14:1) | 36.66±3.21a | 37.85±4.59a | 41.76±2.89a | 41.65±2.28a | 0.22 | 0.05 | 0.15 |
十五烷酸Pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) | 95.04±9.06a | 116.74±15.27a | 104.00±10.25a | 107.59±15.31a | 0.29 | 0.34 | 0.30 |
软脂酸Palmitic acid (C16:0) | 4599.74±221.69a | 4593.43±291.26a | 4659.07±254.13a | 4674.19±465.78a | 0.99 | 0.73 | 0.93 |
棕榈油酸Palmitoleic acid (C16:1) | 285.11±12.74a | 279.03±17.76a | 250.92±30.96a | 286.68±17.45a | 0.21 | 0.62 | 0.48 |
十七烷酸Margaric acid (C17:0) | 246.45±23.28a | 279.19±22.10a | 271.15±38.41a | 270.75±17.90a | 0.50 | 0.25 | 0.32 |
硬脂酸Stearic acid (C18:0) | 2921.36±83.97a | 3107.85±18.89a | 3097.53±66.79a | 2947.24±155.91a | 0.09 | 0.55 | 0.03 |
油酸Oleic acid (C18:1n9c) | 6780.07±257.87a | 6620.76±204.64a | 6842.53±198.73a | 6527.08±390.24a | 0.51 | 0.46 | 0.73 |
亚油酸Linoleic acid (C18:2n6c) | 1195.93±86.69a | 1232.66±21.49a | 1197.79±60.44a | 1190.54±41.53a | 0.80 | 0.86 | 0.69 |
γ-亚麻酸Gamma linolenic acid (C18:3n6) | 28.83±2.95a | 28.87±1.79a | 31.22±1.42a | 31.52±1.90a | 0.30 | 0.09 | 0.21 |
α-亚麻酸α-linolenic acid (C18:3n3) | 32.09±2.53a | 33.44±2.18a | 36.93±3.03a | 37.38±4.06a | 0.17 | 0.03 | 0.10 |
二十碳三烯酸Eicosatrienoic acid (C20:3n6) | 23.62±2.47a | 27.87±2.71a | 23.60±3.30a | 27.92±1.46a | 0.11 | 0.25 | 0.52 |
花生四烯酸Arachidonic acid (C20:4n6) | 313.33±13.93a | 325.99±17.33a | 326.88±23.04a | 333.04±22.79a | 0.67 | 0.20 | 0.45 |
SFA | 8548.47±103.66a | 8835.38±250.80a | 8776.37±211.78a | 8661.49±334.06a | 0.51 | 0.49 | 0.30 |
MUFA | 7101.84±272.23a | 6937.64±214.85a | 7135.21±225.93a | 6855.40±407.44a | 0.62 | 0.46 | 0.75 |
PUFA | 1593.82±80.72a | 1648.83±8.38a | 1616.42±61.39a | 1620.41±42.81a | 0.69 | 0.60 | 0.60 |
MUFA/SFA | 0.83±0.04a | 0.79±0.05a | 0.81±0.04a | 0.79±0.08a | 0.74 | 0.45 | 0.69 |
PUFA/SFA | 0.19±0.01a | 0.19±0.01a | 0.18±0.01a | 0.19±0.01a | 0.97 | 0.97 | 0.97 |
n-6 PUFA | 1561.72±78.93a | 1615.39±10.26a | 1579.48±64.42a | 1583.03±46.33a | 0.71 | 0.70 | 0.63 |
n-3 PUFA | 32.09±2.53a | 33.44±2.18a | 36.93±3.03a | 37.38±4.06a | 0.17 | 0.03 | 0.10 |
n-6/n-3 | 48.77±2.71a | 48.46±3.55a | 43.05±5.19a | 42.75±5.60a | 0.25 | 0.07 | 0.18 |
表7 菌糠发酵饲料对羊肉脂肪酸含量的影响
Table 7 The effect of fermented mushroom residue on the fatty acid content of mutton (mg·kg-1)
项目 Items | 组别Groups | P值P value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C | L | M | H | 处理Treatment | 线性Linear | 二次Quadratic | |
癸酸Tannic acid (C10:0) | 24.41±2.37a | 26.66±4.54a | 26.66±5.30a | 27.39±2.53a | 0.80 | 0.32 | 0.60 |
月桂酸Lauric acid (C12:0) | 53.51±4.16a | 51.91±8.03a | 53.95±9.92a | 46.12±4.09a | 0.53 | 0.32 | 0.45 |
肉豆蔻酸Myristic acid (C14:0) | 607.96±58.70a | 659.62±49.87a | 564.00±42.06a | 588.21±59.77a | 0.23 | 0.45 | 0.53 |
肉豆蔻烯酸Myristoleic acid (C14:1) | 36.66±3.21a | 37.85±4.59a | 41.76±2.89a | 41.65±2.28a | 0.22 | 0.05 | 0.15 |
十五烷酸Pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) | 95.04±9.06a | 116.74±15.27a | 104.00±10.25a | 107.59±15.31a | 0.29 | 0.34 | 0.30 |
软脂酸Palmitic acid (C16:0) | 4599.74±221.69a | 4593.43±291.26a | 4659.07±254.13a | 4674.19±465.78a | 0.99 | 0.73 | 0.93 |
棕榈油酸Palmitoleic acid (C16:1) | 285.11±12.74a | 279.03±17.76a | 250.92±30.96a | 286.68±17.45a | 0.21 | 0.62 | 0.48 |
十七烷酸Margaric acid (C17:0) | 246.45±23.28a | 279.19±22.10a | 271.15±38.41a | 270.75±17.90a | 0.50 | 0.25 | 0.32 |
硬脂酸Stearic acid (C18:0) | 2921.36±83.97a | 3107.85±18.89a | 3097.53±66.79a | 2947.24±155.91a | 0.09 | 0.55 | 0.03 |
油酸Oleic acid (C18:1n9c) | 6780.07±257.87a | 6620.76±204.64a | 6842.53±198.73a | 6527.08±390.24a | 0.51 | 0.46 | 0.73 |
亚油酸Linoleic acid (C18:2n6c) | 1195.93±86.69a | 1232.66±21.49a | 1197.79±60.44a | 1190.54±41.53a | 0.80 | 0.86 | 0.69 |
γ-亚麻酸Gamma linolenic acid (C18:3n6) | 28.83±2.95a | 28.87±1.79a | 31.22±1.42a | 31.52±1.90a | 0.30 | 0.09 | 0.21 |
α-亚麻酸α-linolenic acid (C18:3n3) | 32.09±2.53a | 33.44±2.18a | 36.93±3.03a | 37.38±4.06a | 0.17 | 0.03 | 0.10 |
二十碳三烯酸Eicosatrienoic acid (C20:3n6) | 23.62±2.47a | 27.87±2.71a | 23.60±3.30a | 27.92±1.46a | 0.11 | 0.25 | 0.52 |
花生四烯酸Arachidonic acid (C20:4n6) | 313.33±13.93a | 325.99±17.33a | 326.88±23.04a | 333.04±22.79a | 0.67 | 0.20 | 0.45 |
SFA | 8548.47±103.66a | 8835.38±250.80a | 8776.37±211.78a | 8661.49±334.06a | 0.51 | 0.49 | 0.30 |
MUFA | 7101.84±272.23a | 6937.64±214.85a | 7135.21±225.93a | 6855.40±407.44a | 0.62 | 0.46 | 0.75 |
PUFA | 1593.82±80.72a | 1648.83±8.38a | 1616.42±61.39a | 1620.41±42.81a | 0.69 | 0.60 | 0.60 |
MUFA/SFA | 0.83±0.04a | 0.79±0.05a | 0.81±0.04a | 0.79±0.08a | 0.74 | 0.45 | 0.69 |
PUFA/SFA | 0.19±0.01a | 0.19±0.01a | 0.18±0.01a | 0.19±0.01a | 0.97 | 0.97 | 0.97 |
n-6 PUFA | 1561.72±78.93a | 1615.39±10.26a | 1579.48±64.42a | 1583.03±46.33a | 0.71 | 0.70 | 0.63 |
n-3 PUFA | 32.09±2.53a | 33.44±2.18a | 36.93±3.03a | 37.38±4.06a | 0.17 | 0.03 | 0.10 |
n-6/n-3 | 48.77±2.71a | 48.46±3.55a | 43.05±5.19a | 42.75±5.60a | 0.25 | 0.07 | 0.18 |
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