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草业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (4): 42-53.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2022330

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

西南山区冬闲田功能型燕麦品种潜力挖掘评价

严翊丹1(), 聂莹莹1, 徐丽君1(), 高兴发2, 饶彦章2, 饶雄2, 张洪志1, 赵查书3, 竺艳萍4, 朱玉波4   

  1. 1.中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京 100081,内蒙古呼伦贝尔草原生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,内蒙古 呼伦贝尔 021000
    2.云南省曲靖市会泽县农业农村局,云南 会泽 654200
    3.云南省会泽县大桥乡农业技术推广站,云南 会泽 654200
    4.云南省会泽县良种繁殖场,云南 会泽 654200
  • 收稿日期:2022-08-16 修回日期:2022-09-14 出版日期:2023-04-20 发布日期:2023-01-29
  • 通讯作者: 徐丽君
  • 作者简介:E-mail: xulijun@caas.cn
    严翊丹(1998-),女,山东烟台人,在读硕士。E-mail: hailideyugood@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    云南省科技厅“科技入滇”项目(202003AD150016);云南省徐丽君专家工作站经费(202005AF150074);中国工程院咨询项目(2022-XY-54);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(Cars-34)

Potential excavation and evaluation of functional oat varieties in winter fallow field of southwest mountainous area

Yi-dan YAN1(), Ying-ying NIE1, Li-jun XU1(), Xing-fa GAO2, Yan-zhang RAO2, Xiong RAO2, Hong-zhi ZHANG1, Cha-shu ZHAO3, Yan-ping ZHU4, Yu-bo ZHU4   

  1. 1.Institute of Agricultural Resources and Agricultural Division,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China,Inner Mongolia National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Hulunbuir Grassland Ecosystem,Hulunbuir 021000,China
    2.Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Huize County,Qujing City,Yunnan Province,Huize 654200,China
    3.Qiaoxiang Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Huize County,Yunnan Province,Huize 654200,China
    4.Yunnan Huize County Breeding Farm,Huize 654200,China
  • Received:2022-08-16 Revised:2022-09-14 Online:2023-04-20 Published:2023-01-29
  • Contact: Li-jun XU

摘要:

为筛选出适宜西南山区冬闲田推广种植的功能型燕麦品种,本研究选取15份燕麦品种针对燕麦蛋白质、脂肪、淀粉、葡聚糖和氨基酸含量5个营养品质开展系统分析,采用灰色关联度分析法和聚类分析法进行综合评价,研究结果与联合国粮食及农业组织/世界卫生组织(FAO/WHO)等相关指标对比分析,深挖适用于不同功能型燕麦加工产品的品种资源潜力。结果表明:15个燕麦品种当中定莜5号的综合营养价值表现最好,较适宜大面积推广种植。定莜4号的蛋白质含量最高(170.2 g·kg-1),可作为燕麦乳、能量棒等高蛋白燕麦加工食品的原材料;定莜1号脂肪含量最高(64.8 g·kg-1),可作为燕麦片、燕麦饼干等高饱腹食品的加工原料,满足减肥人群的饮食需求;定莜10号淀粉含量最低(388.1 g·kg-1),可作为燕麦米、燕麦片等低血糖生成指数(GI)的燕麦加工食品的原料,满足消费者对于低GI食品的需求;香燕13号β-葡聚糖含量最高(4.33%),可作为保健品等保健型食品的加工原料,满足中老年人对于功能型食品的需求。与FAO/WHO中蛋白的必需氨基酸含量、全鸡蛋蛋白相比,研究品种中定莜5号必需氨基酸含量为67.04 g·kg-1,相对FAO/WHO提高幅度为72.7%,综合表现占据了非常大的优势,利用冬闲田种植燕麦,营养品质优良,市场应用前景非常广泛。研究结果对未来西南山区冬闲田资源的有效利用与燕麦加工行业的功能型品种选育及燕麦产品的生产制造提供重要的理论依据与数据支撑。

关键词: 西南山区, 燕麦, 营养品质, 冬闲田

Abstract:

In order to screen out oat varieties suitable for adoption and planting in winter fallow fields in southwest mountainous areas, 15 oat (Avena sativa) varieties were trialed in this study and five nutritional qualities of oats: protein, fat, starch, glucan and amino acid content, were analyzed. Grey correlation analysis and cluster analysis were used for multivariate data evaluation. The results were compared with Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO) data and other related indicators to explore the potential suitability of the tested varieties for various processed oat products. It was found that the multivariate score for nutritional value of Dingyou No.5 was the best among the 15 oat varieties, making this variety more suitable for large-scale planting. The protein content of Dingyou No. 4 was the highest (170.2 g·kg-1), indicating this variety could be used as raw material for high protein oat processed foods such as oat milk and energy bars. Dingyou No.1 had the highest fat content (64.8 g·kg-1), and therefore can be used as raw material for high-fat foods such as oatmeal and oat biscuits to meet the dietary needs of people wanting to lose weight. The starch content of Dingyou No.10 was the lowest (388.1 g·kg-1), indicating potential use as a raw material of oat processed foods with low glycemic index (GI) such as oat rice and oatmeal to meet the needs of consumers of low GI food. Xiangyan No.13 β-glucan content was the highest (4.33%), indicating potential for use in health food products designed for the elderly. Comparing the essential amino acid content of oat protein with FAO/WHO data for whole egg protein, the essential amino acid content of Dingyou No.5 was 67.04 g·kg-1, which was 72.7% higher than that of whole egg protein. This represents a huge advantage for overall nutritional value. These results indicate a potential for fallow fields that have been left unused in winter to be used for growing oats. The nutritional quality of the tested oat varieties was excellent and the market prospects are good. The research results provide important technical data to support utilization of winter fallow fields in China’s southwest mountainous areas, and the development of an oat processing industry and the future manufacture of oat products.

Key words: southwest mountainous area, oats, nutritional quality, winter fallow fields