草业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (2): 226-241.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2023132
• 综合评述 • 上一篇
收稿日期:
2023-04-24
修回日期:
2023-05-23
出版日期:
2024-02-20
发布日期:
2023-12-12
通讯作者:
李春杰
作者简介:
E-mail: chunjie@lzu.edu.cn基金资助:
Long-hai XUE1(), Jia-qi LIU1,2, Chun-jie LI1,2()
Received:
2023-04-24
Revised:
2023-05-23
Online:
2024-02-20
Published:
2023-12-12
Contact:
Chun-jie LI
摘要:
披碱草属是青藏高原高寒草地的优势禾草,在我国甘肃、青海、西藏、新疆、四川等高寒牧区广泛种植。真菌病害是限制披碱草生长的重要因素,可直接影响披碱草的产量和品质,进而制约草地农业生态系统的生产力。本研究对国内外近年来披碱草属真菌病害的病原学、发生规律及防治措施等方面进行归纳,展望了病害的研究前景和研究思路。截至目前,共计16种真菌病害已在披碱草属上报道,主要包括锈病、黑粉病、白粉病、麦角病、香柱病和叶斑病等病害;这些病害可对披碱草的叶片、叶鞘、茎秆、穗和种子等造成不同程度的危害。目前国内外针对披碱草属真菌病害的防治方法主要有抗病品种选育、种子处理、生态和化学治理。此外,筛选或培育携带内生真菌(Epichlo?)的新品种将是披碱草抗病研究的突破口之一。
薛龙海, 刘佳奇, 李春杰. 披碱草属真菌病害研究进展[J]. 草业学报, 2024, 33(2): 226-241.
Long-hai XUE, Jia-qi LIU, Chun-jie LI. Progress in research on fungal diseases of the genus Elymus[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2024, 33(2): 226-241.
病害 Disease | 病原菌 Fungal pathogen | 寄主 Host | 分布及参考文献 Distribution and reference |
---|---|---|---|
冠锈病 Crown rust | 冠柄锈菌 P. coronata | 短芒披碱草Elymus breoiarrstatus | 甘肃Gansu[ |
犬草Elymus caninus | 波兰Poland[ | ||
纤毛鹅观草Elymus ciliaris | 河北Hebei[ | ||
披碱草Elymus dahuricus | 甘肃Gansu[ | ||
肥披碱草Elymus excelsus | 甘肃Gansu[ | ||
老芒麦E. sibiricus | 甘肃Gansu[ | ||
披碱草属Elymus spp. | 甘肃Gansu[ | ||
秆锈病 Stem rust | 禾柄锈菌 P. graminis | 短芒披碱草E. breoiarrstatus | 甘肃Gansu[ |
加拿大披碱草Elymus canadensis | 波兰Poland[ | ||
犬草E. caninus | 保加利亚Bulgaria[ | ||
纤毛鹅观草E. ciliaris | 江苏Jiangsu[ | ||
披碱草E. dahuricus | 河北Hebei[ | ||
直穗披碱草Elymus gmelinii | 黑龙江Heilongjiang[ | ||
柯孟披碱草Elymus kamoji | 内蒙古Inner Mongolia[ | ||
结节披碱草Elymus nodosus | 土耳其Turkey[ | ||
垂穗披碱草E. nutans | 甘肃Gansu[ | ||
巴塔哥尼亚披碱草Elymus patagonicus | 新西兰New Zealand[ | ||
老芒麦E. sibiricus | 甘肃Gansu[ | ||
披碱草属Elymus spp. | 宁夏Ningxia[ | ||
山地单孢锈菌锈病 Montanensis rust | 山地单孢锈菌 P. montanensis | Elymus riparius | 美国America[ |
弗吉尼亚披碱草Elymus virginicus | 美国America[ | ||
叶锈病 Leaf rust | 隐匿柄锈菌 P. recondita | 亚利桑那披碱草Elymus arizonicus | 墨西哥Mexico[ |
钙生披碱草Elymus calcicola | 四川Sichuan[ | ||
加拿大披碱草E. canadensis | 美国America[ | ||
犬草E. caninus | 芬兰Finland[ | ||
纤毛鹅观草E. ciliaris | 福建Fujian[ | ||
披碱草E. dahuricus | 日本Japan[ | ||
肥披碱草E. excelsus | 甘肃Gansu[ | ||
粉绿披碱草Elymus glaucus | 美国America[ | ||
直穗披碱草E. gmelinii | 内蒙古Inner Mongolia[ | ||
Elymus hystrix | 美国America[ | ||
柯孟披碱草E. kamoji | 福建Fujian[ | ||
Elymus lazicus | 土耳其Turkey[ | ||
Elymus longearistatus | 土耳其Turkey[ | ||
东瀛披碱草Elymus mayebarana | 福建Fujian[ | ||
结节披碱草E. nodosus | 土耳其Turkey[ | ||
垂穗披碱草E. nutans | 甘肃Gansu[ | ||
Elymus riparius | 美国America[ | ||
糙颖披碱草Elymus scabriglumis | 新西兰New Zealand[ | ||
硬叶披碱草Elymus semicostatus | 日本Japan[ | ||
披碱草属Elymus sp. | 宁夏Ningxia[ | ||
老芒麦E. sibiricus | 北京Beijing[ | ||
无芒披碱草Elymus sinosubmuticus | 加拿大Canada[ | ||
披碱草属Elymus spp. | 美国America[ | ||
肃草Elymus strictus | 甘肃Gansu[ | ||
Elymus villosus | 美国America[ | ||
条锈病 Stripe rust | 条形柄锈菌 P. striiformis | 短芒披碱草E. breoiarrstatus | 甘肃Gansu[ |
犬草E. caninus | 波兰Poland[ | ||
纤毛鹅观草E. ciliaris | 北京Beijing[ | ||
披碱草E. dahuricus | 甘肃Gansu[ | ||
直穗披碱草E. gmelinii | 四川Sichuan[ | ||
多秆鹅观草Elymusmulticulmis | 陕西Shaanxi[ | ||
老芒麦E. sibiricus | 甘肃Gansu[ | ||
黑粉病 Smut | 茎黑粉菌 T. hypodytes | 肃草E. strictus | 甘肃Gansu[ |
披碱草属Elymus spp. | 甘肃Gansu[ | ||
Elymus uralensis | 乌克兰Ukraine[ | ||
冰草条黑粉菌 Ur. agropyri | 短芒披碱草E. breoiarrstatus | 青海Qinghai[ | |
日本纤毛草Elymus ciliaris var. hackelianus | 甘肃Gansu[ | ||
披碱草E. dahuricus | 内蒙古Inner Mongolia[ | ||
长芒披碱草Elymus dolichatherus | 云南Yunnan[ | ||
直穗披碱草E. gmelinii | 河北Hebei[ | ||
内蒙古披碱草Elymus intramongolicus | 新疆Xinjiang[ | ||
光花披碱草Elymus leianthus | 青海Qinghai[ | ||
狭颖披碱草Elymus mutabilis | 新疆Xinjiang[ | ||
密丛披碱草Elymus mutabilis var. praecaespitosus | 新疆Xinjiang[ | ||
垂穗披碱草E. nutans | 甘肃Gansu[ | ||
缘毛披碱草Elymus pendulinus | 甘肃Gansu[ | ||
老芒麦E. sibiricus | 内蒙古Inner Mongolia[ | ||
中华披碱草Elymus sinicus | 青海Qinghai[ | ||
中间披碱草Elymus sinicus var. medius | 甘肃Gansu[ | ||
披碱草属Elymus spp. | 甘肃Gansu[ | ||
肃草E. strictus | 内蒙古Inner Mongolia[ | ||
披碱草条黑粉菌 Ur. dahuricus | 垂穗披碱草E. nutans | 甘肃Gansu[ | |
雀麦黑粉菌 Us. bullata | 披碱草属Elymus spp. | 内蒙古Inner Mongolia[ | |
大麦坚黑穗菌 Us. hordei | 老芒麦E. sibiricus | 甘肃Gansu[ | |
Us. salweyi | 披碱草E. dahuricus | 宁夏Ningxia[ | |
垂穗披碱草E. nutans | 甘肃Gansu [ | ||
老芒麦E. sibiricus | 甘肃Gansu [ | ||
披碱草属Elymus spp. | 宁夏Ningxia[ | ||
弗吉尼亚披碱草E. virginicus | 美国America[ | ||
圆柱披碱草Elymus dahuricus var. cylindricus | 宁夏Ningxia[ | ||
赖草黑粉菌 Us. serpens | 纤毛鹅观草E. ciliaris | 宁夏Ningxia[ | |
披碱草E. dahuricus | 宁夏Ningxia[ | ||
碱草黑粉菌 Us. trebouxi | 加拿大披碱草E. canadensis | 甘肃Gansu[ | |
垂穗披碱草E. nutans | 青海Qinghai[ | ||
白粉病 Powdery mildew | B. americana | 加拿大披碱草E. canadensis | 美国America[ |
瓶刷披碱草Elymus elymoides | 美国America[ | ||
粉绿披碱草E. glaucus | 美国America[ | ||
粗穗披碱草Elymus lanceolatus | 美国America[ | ||
Elymus violaceus | 美国America[ | ||
禾布氏白粉菌 B. graminis | 披碱草E. dahuricus | 吉林Jilin[ | |
老芒麦E. sibiricus | 吉林Jilin[ | ||
披碱草属Elymus spp. | 内蒙古Inner Mongolia[ | ||
犬草E. caninus | 吉林Jilin[ | ||
纤毛鹅观草E. ciliaris | 江苏Jiangsu[ | ||
E. hystrix | 加拿大Canada[ | ||
老芒麦E. sibiricus | 内蒙古Inner Mongolia[ | ||
麦角病 Ergot | 麦角菌 C. purpurea | Elymus alaskanus | 美国America[ |
加拿大披碱草E. canadensis | 美国America[ | ||
犬草E. caninus | 美国America[ | ||
纤毛鹅观草E. ciliaris | 江苏Jiangsu[ | ||
日本纤毛草E. ciliaris var. hackelianus | 江苏Jiangsu[ | ||
披碱草E. dahuricus | 河北Hebei[ | ||
圆柱披碱草E. dahuricus var. cylindricus | 甘肃Gansu[ | ||
瓶刷披碱草E. elymoides | 美国America[ | ||
肥披碱草E. excelsus | 甘肃Gansu[ | ||
粉绿披碱草E. glaucus | 美国America[ | ||
E. hystrix | 美国America[ | ||
间断披碱草Elymus interruptus | 美国America[ | ||
粗穗披碱草E. lanceolatus | 美国America[ | ||
Elymusmultisetus | 美国America[ | ||
垂穗披碱草E. nutans | 甘肃Gansu[ | ||
老芒麦E. sibiricus | 甘肃Gansu[ | ||
披碱草属Elymus spp. | 内蒙古Inner Mongolia[ | ||
E. villosus | 美国America[ | ||
弗吉尼亚披碱草E. virginicus | 美国America[ | ||
香柱病 Choke | 披碱草香柱菌 E. elymi | E. villosus | 美国America[ |
E. hystrix | 美国America[ | ||
E. virginicus | 美国America[ | ||
加拿大披碱草E. canadensis | 美国America[ | ||
香柱菌 E. typhina | 犬草E. caninus | 波兰Poland[ | |
披碱草E. dahuricus | 吉林Jilin[ | ||
粉绿披碱草E. glaucus | 美国America[ | ||
垂穗披碱草E. nutans | 甘肃Gansu[ | ||
老芒麦E. sibiricus | 甘肃Gansu[ | ||
褐斑病 Brown spot | 高粱壳二孢 Ascochyta sorghi | 垂穗披碱草E. nutans | 宁夏Ningxia[ |
离蠕孢叶斑病 Bipolaris leaf spot | 狗牙根平脐蠕孢 Bi. cynodontis | E. riparius | 美国America[ |
麦根腐平脐蠕孢 Bi. sorokiniana | 披碱草E. dahuricus | 内蒙古Inner Mongolia[ | |
垂穗披碱草E. nutans | 甘肃Gansu[ | ||
E. riparius | 美国America[ | ||
赤霉病 Scab | 禾谷镰孢Fusarium graminearum | 加拿大披碱草E. canadensis | 美国America[ |
披碱草属Elymus spp. | 内蒙古Inner Mongolia[ | ||
黑痣病 Tar spot | 禾黑痣菌 Phyllachora graminis | 犬草E. caninus | 波兰Poland[ |
纤毛鹅观草E. ciliaris | 河北Hebei[ | ||
东瀛披碱草E. mayebarana | 河北Hebei[ | ||
披碱草属Elymus spp. | 内蒙古Inner Mongolia[ | ||
斑点病 Halo blight | 叶点霉 Phyllosticta sp. | 披碱草属Elymus spp. | 宁夏Ningxia[ |
眼斑病 Eye spot | 雀麦壳月孢Pseudoseptoria bromigena | 垂穗披碱草E. nutans | 甘肃Gansu[ |
云纹病 Ring spot | 黑麦喙孢菌Rhynchosporium secalis | 柯孟披碱草E. kamoji | 甘肃Gansu[ |
表1 国内外发生的披碱草属真菌病害
Table 1 The fungal diseases of Elymus spp. in the world
病害 Disease | 病原菌 Fungal pathogen | 寄主 Host | 分布及参考文献 Distribution and reference |
---|---|---|---|
冠锈病 Crown rust | 冠柄锈菌 P. coronata | 短芒披碱草Elymus breoiarrstatus | 甘肃Gansu[ |
犬草Elymus caninus | 波兰Poland[ | ||
纤毛鹅观草Elymus ciliaris | 河北Hebei[ | ||
披碱草Elymus dahuricus | 甘肃Gansu[ | ||
肥披碱草Elymus excelsus | 甘肃Gansu[ | ||
老芒麦E. sibiricus | 甘肃Gansu[ | ||
披碱草属Elymus spp. | 甘肃Gansu[ | ||
秆锈病 Stem rust | 禾柄锈菌 P. graminis | 短芒披碱草E. breoiarrstatus | 甘肃Gansu[ |
加拿大披碱草Elymus canadensis | 波兰Poland[ | ||
犬草E. caninus | 保加利亚Bulgaria[ | ||
纤毛鹅观草E. ciliaris | 江苏Jiangsu[ | ||
披碱草E. dahuricus | 河北Hebei[ | ||
直穗披碱草Elymus gmelinii | 黑龙江Heilongjiang[ | ||
柯孟披碱草Elymus kamoji | 内蒙古Inner Mongolia[ | ||
结节披碱草Elymus nodosus | 土耳其Turkey[ | ||
垂穗披碱草E. nutans | 甘肃Gansu[ | ||
巴塔哥尼亚披碱草Elymus patagonicus | 新西兰New Zealand[ | ||
老芒麦E. sibiricus | 甘肃Gansu[ | ||
披碱草属Elymus spp. | 宁夏Ningxia[ | ||
山地单孢锈菌锈病 Montanensis rust | 山地单孢锈菌 P. montanensis | Elymus riparius | 美国America[ |
弗吉尼亚披碱草Elymus virginicus | 美国America[ | ||
叶锈病 Leaf rust | 隐匿柄锈菌 P. recondita | 亚利桑那披碱草Elymus arizonicus | 墨西哥Mexico[ |
钙生披碱草Elymus calcicola | 四川Sichuan[ | ||
加拿大披碱草E. canadensis | 美国America[ | ||
犬草E. caninus | 芬兰Finland[ | ||
纤毛鹅观草E. ciliaris | 福建Fujian[ | ||
披碱草E. dahuricus | 日本Japan[ | ||
肥披碱草E. excelsus | 甘肃Gansu[ | ||
粉绿披碱草Elymus glaucus | 美国America[ | ||
直穗披碱草E. gmelinii | 内蒙古Inner Mongolia[ | ||
Elymus hystrix | 美国America[ | ||
柯孟披碱草E. kamoji | 福建Fujian[ | ||
Elymus lazicus | 土耳其Turkey[ | ||
Elymus longearistatus | 土耳其Turkey[ | ||
东瀛披碱草Elymus mayebarana | 福建Fujian[ | ||
结节披碱草E. nodosus | 土耳其Turkey[ | ||
垂穗披碱草E. nutans | 甘肃Gansu[ | ||
Elymus riparius | 美国America[ | ||
糙颖披碱草Elymus scabriglumis | 新西兰New Zealand[ | ||
硬叶披碱草Elymus semicostatus | 日本Japan[ | ||
披碱草属Elymus sp. | 宁夏Ningxia[ | ||
老芒麦E. sibiricus | 北京Beijing[ | ||
无芒披碱草Elymus sinosubmuticus | 加拿大Canada[ | ||
披碱草属Elymus spp. | 美国America[ | ||
肃草Elymus strictus | 甘肃Gansu[ | ||
Elymus villosus | 美国America[ | ||
条锈病 Stripe rust | 条形柄锈菌 P. striiformis | 短芒披碱草E. breoiarrstatus | 甘肃Gansu[ |
犬草E. caninus | 波兰Poland[ | ||
纤毛鹅观草E. ciliaris | 北京Beijing[ | ||
披碱草E. dahuricus | 甘肃Gansu[ | ||
直穗披碱草E. gmelinii | 四川Sichuan[ | ||
多秆鹅观草Elymusmulticulmis | 陕西Shaanxi[ | ||
老芒麦E. sibiricus | 甘肃Gansu[ | ||
黑粉病 Smut | 茎黑粉菌 T. hypodytes | 肃草E. strictus | 甘肃Gansu[ |
披碱草属Elymus spp. | 甘肃Gansu[ | ||
Elymus uralensis | 乌克兰Ukraine[ | ||
冰草条黑粉菌 Ur. agropyri | 短芒披碱草E. breoiarrstatus | 青海Qinghai[ | |
日本纤毛草Elymus ciliaris var. hackelianus | 甘肃Gansu[ | ||
披碱草E. dahuricus | 内蒙古Inner Mongolia[ | ||
长芒披碱草Elymus dolichatherus | 云南Yunnan[ | ||
直穗披碱草E. gmelinii | 河北Hebei[ | ||
内蒙古披碱草Elymus intramongolicus | 新疆Xinjiang[ | ||
光花披碱草Elymus leianthus | 青海Qinghai[ | ||
狭颖披碱草Elymus mutabilis | 新疆Xinjiang[ | ||
密丛披碱草Elymus mutabilis var. praecaespitosus | 新疆Xinjiang[ | ||
垂穗披碱草E. nutans | 甘肃Gansu[ | ||
缘毛披碱草Elymus pendulinus | 甘肃Gansu[ | ||
老芒麦E. sibiricus | 内蒙古Inner Mongolia[ | ||
中华披碱草Elymus sinicus | 青海Qinghai[ | ||
中间披碱草Elymus sinicus var. medius | 甘肃Gansu[ | ||
披碱草属Elymus spp. | 甘肃Gansu[ | ||
肃草E. strictus | 内蒙古Inner Mongolia[ | ||
披碱草条黑粉菌 Ur. dahuricus | 垂穗披碱草E. nutans | 甘肃Gansu[ | |
雀麦黑粉菌 Us. bullata | 披碱草属Elymus spp. | 内蒙古Inner Mongolia[ | |
大麦坚黑穗菌 Us. hordei | 老芒麦E. sibiricus | 甘肃Gansu[ | |
Us. salweyi | 披碱草E. dahuricus | 宁夏Ningxia[ | |
垂穗披碱草E. nutans | 甘肃Gansu [ | ||
老芒麦E. sibiricus | 甘肃Gansu [ | ||
披碱草属Elymus spp. | 宁夏Ningxia[ | ||
弗吉尼亚披碱草E. virginicus | 美国America[ | ||
圆柱披碱草Elymus dahuricus var. cylindricus | 宁夏Ningxia[ | ||
赖草黑粉菌 Us. serpens | 纤毛鹅观草E. ciliaris | 宁夏Ningxia[ | |
披碱草E. dahuricus | 宁夏Ningxia[ | ||
碱草黑粉菌 Us. trebouxi | 加拿大披碱草E. canadensis | 甘肃Gansu[ | |
垂穗披碱草E. nutans | 青海Qinghai[ | ||
白粉病 Powdery mildew | B. americana | 加拿大披碱草E. canadensis | 美国America[ |
瓶刷披碱草Elymus elymoides | 美国America[ | ||
粉绿披碱草E. glaucus | 美国America[ | ||
粗穗披碱草Elymus lanceolatus | 美国America[ | ||
Elymus violaceus | 美国America[ | ||
禾布氏白粉菌 B. graminis | 披碱草E. dahuricus | 吉林Jilin[ | |
老芒麦E. sibiricus | 吉林Jilin[ | ||
披碱草属Elymus spp. | 内蒙古Inner Mongolia[ | ||
犬草E. caninus | 吉林Jilin[ | ||
纤毛鹅观草E. ciliaris | 江苏Jiangsu[ | ||
E. hystrix | 加拿大Canada[ | ||
老芒麦E. sibiricus | 内蒙古Inner Mongolia[ | ||
麦角病 Ergot | 麦角菌 C. purpurea | Elymus alaskanus | 美国America[ |
加拿大披碱草E. canadensis | 美国America[ | ||
犬草E. caninus | 美国America[ | ||
纤毛鹅观草E. ciliaris | 江苏Jiangsu[ | ||
日本纤毛草E. ciliaris var. hackelianus | 江苏Jiangsu[ | ||
披碱草E. dahuricus | 河北Hebei[ | ||
圆柱披碱草E. dahuricus var. cylindricus | 甘肃Gansu[ | ||
瓶刷披碱草E. elymoides | 美国America[ | ||
肥披碱草E. excelsus | 甘肃Gansu[ | ||
粉绿披碱草E. glaucus | 美国America[ | ||
E. hystrix | 美国America[ | ||
间断披碱草Elymus interruptus | 美国America[ | ||
粗穗披碱草E. lanceolatus | 美国America[ | ||
Elymusmultisetus | 美国America[ | ||
垂穗披碱草E. nutans | 甘肃Gansu[ | ||
老芒麦E. sibiricus | 甘肃Gansu[ | ||
披碱草属Elymus spp. | 内蒙古Inner Mongolia[ | ||
E. villosus | 美国America[ | ||
弗吉尼亚披碱草E. virginicus | 美国America[ | ||
香柱病 Choke | 披碱草香柱菌 E. elymi | E. villosus | 美国America[ |
E. hystrix | 美国America[ | ||
E. virginicus | 美国America[ | ||
加拿大披碱草E. canadensis | 美国America[ | ||
香柱菌 E. typhina | 犬草E. caninus | 波兰Poland[ | |
披碱草E. dahuricus | 吉林Jilin[ | ||
粉绿披碱草E. glaucus | 美国America[ | ||
垂穗披碱草E. nutans | 甘肃Gansu[ | ||
老芒麦E. sibiricus | 甘肃Gansu[ | ||
褐斑病 Brown spot | 高粱壳二孢 Ascochyta sorghi | 垂穗披碱草E. nutans | 宁夏Ningxia[ |
离蠕孢叶斑病 Bipolaris leaf spot | 狗牙根平脐蠕孢 Bi. cynodontis | E. riparius | 美国America[ |
麦根腐平脐蠕孢 Bi. sorokiniana | 披碱草E. dahuricus | 内蒙古Inner Mongolia[ | |
垂穗披碱草E. nutans | 甘肃Gansu[ | ||
E. riparius | 美国America[ | ||
赤霉病 Scab | 禾谷镰孢Fusarium graminearum | 加拿大披碱草E. canadensis | 美国America[ |
披碱草属Elymus spp. | 内蒙古Inner Mongolia[ | ||
黑痣病 Tar spot | 禾黑痣菌 Phyllachora graminis | 犬草E. caninus | 波兰Poland[ |
纤毛鹅观草E. ciliaris | 河北Hebei[ | ||
东瀛披碱草E. mayebarana | 河北Hebei[ | ||
披碱草属Elymus spp. | 内蒙古Inner Mongolia[ | ||
斑点病 Halo blight | 叶点霉 Phyllosticta sp. | 披碱草属Elymus spp. | 宁夏Ningxia[ |
眼斑病 Eye spot | 雀麦壳月孢Pseudoseptoria bromigena | 垂穗披碱草E. nutans | 甘肃Gansu[ |
云纹病 Ring spot | 黑麦喙孢菌Rhynchosporium secalis | 柯孟披碱草E. kamoji | 甘肃Gansu[ |
图3 垂穗披碱草离蠕孢叶斑病(刘佳奇摄,甘肃山丹,2022)A和B,病症;C,分生孢子和分生孢子梗。A and B, symptoms; C, conidia and conidiophore.
Fig.3 Bipolaris leaf spot of E. nutans (Taken by LIU Jia-qi, Shandan County of Gansu, 2022)
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