草业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (5): 41-57.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2023302
收稿日期:
2023-08-29
修回日期:
2023-10-17
出版日期:
2024-05-20
发布日期:
2024-02-03
通讯作者:
王国华
作者简介:
E-mail: gimi123@126.com基金资助:
Lu-jing ZENG1(), Guo-hua WANG1,2()
Received:
2023-08-29
Revised:
2023-10-17
Online:
2024-05-20
Published:
2024-02-03
Contact:
Guo-hua WANG
摘要:
一年生草本植物种群组成荒漠与绿洲生态系统的恒有性植物层片,在防风固沙和保护绿洲生态系统稳定方面具有重要的作用。本研究选取河西走廊荒漠绿洲过渡带人工林下典型5种一年生草本植物虎尾草、狗尾草、白茎盐生草、沙米和雾冰藜为研究对象,采用盆栽试验模拟干旱胁迫及复水,测定5种植物幼苗根系和叶片的生长(株高、根体积、根系平均直径、根系总表面积、根系总长和根系干重)与生理指标(根系活力、光合色素、丙二醛、渗透调节物质和抗氧化酶活性)的变化特征和规律,分析其对干旱环境的适应能力。研究结果表明,轻度干旱胁迫(土壤水分相对于CK减少2%)对5种一年生草本植物生长影响较小,甚至有一定的促进作用;中度(土壤水分相对于CK减少4%)和重度(土壤水分相对于CK减少6%)干旱胁迫下植物生长受到明显抑制。随着干旱胁迫程度的加剧,5种植物根系和叶片的丙二醛、过氧化物酶活性和渗透调节物质含量呈上升趋势;而根系活力呈下降趋势。禾本科一年生草本植物虎尾草和狗尾草根系酶活性(超氧化物歧化酶)随干旱胁迫程度的加剧呈持续增加的趋势;藜科一年生草本植物沙米和雾冰藜随干旱胁迫程度的加剧表现出先增加后下降的趋势。复水处理后,5种植物的生长和生理均得到不同程度的补偿,且根系的恢复能力高于叶片,浅根系植物的恢复能力优于深根系的。5种一年生草本植物的抗旱性具有显著差异,依次为狗尾草>白茎盐生草>雾冰藜>虎尾草>沙米。
曾露婧, 王国华. 干旱及复水对荒漠绿洲过渡带一年生草本植物生长及生理特性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2024, 33(5): 41-57.
Lu-jing ZENG, Guo-hua WANG. Effects of drought stress and rehydration on the growth and physiological characteristics of annual herbaceous plants from a desert-oasis ecotone[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2024, 33(5): 41-57.
图2 干旱胁迫及复水下5种一年生草本植物生长特性CK: 对照Control; LS: 轻度干旱胁迫Light drought stress; LS-CK: 轻度干旱胁迫-复水Light drought stress-rehydration; MS: 中度干旱胁迫Moderate drought stress; MS-CK: 中度干旱胁迫-复水Moderate drought stress-rehydration; SS: 重度干旱胁迫Severe drought stress; SS-CK: 重度干旱胁迫-复水Severe drought stress-rehydration. 1:虎尾草C. virgata; 2:狗尾草S. viridis; 3:白茎盐生草H. arachnoideus; 4:沙米A. squarrosum; 5:雾冰藜B. dasyphylla. 不同字母表示同一物种不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。下同。Different letters indicate significant difference among different treatments of the same species. The same below.
Fig.2 Growth characteristics of five annual herbaceous plants under drought stress and rehydration
图5 干旱胁迫及复水下5种一年生草本植物生长早期细胞膜稳定性
Fig.5 Cell membrane stability of five annual herbaceous plants at early growth stage under drought stress and rehydration
图6 干旱胁迫及复水下5种一年生草本植物生长早期抗氧化酶(SOD,POD)活性
Fig.6 Antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD) activity of five annual herbaceous plants at early growth stage under drought stress and rehydration
图7 干旱胁迫及复水下5种一年生草本植物生长早期渗透调节物质含量
Fig.7 The contents of osmoregulatory substances of five annual herbaceous plants at early growth stage under drought stress and rehydration
图8 干旱胁迫及复水下5种一年生草本植物早期生长与生理指标的相关性A: 地上部分Aboveground parts of plants; B: 地下部分Underground parts of plants. *: P<0.05.
Fig.8 Correlation of growth and physiological indicators of five annual herbaceous plants under drought stress and rehydration
图9 干旱胁迫下5种一年生草本植物生长早期路径A: 地上部分Aboveground parts of plants; B: 地下部分Underground parts of plants; C: 地上部分和地下部分的协同关系Linking aboveground and belowground interactions. *: P<0.05,**: P<0.01.
Fig.9 Early growth path of five annual herbaceous plants under drought stress
物种 Species | 指标Indexes | 平均值Average | 排序Order | |||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
X1 | X2 | X3 | X4 | X5 | X6 | X7 | X8 | X9 | X10 | X11 | X12 | X13 | X14 | X15 | X16 | X17 | X18 | X19 | X20 | X21 | X22 | |||
虎尾草C. virgata | 0.21 | 0.27 | 0.27 | 0.31 | 0.36 | 0.32 | 0.48 | 0.52 | 0.39 | 0.27 | 0.19 | 0.42 | 0.57 | 0.40 | 0.43 | 0.41 | 0.40 | 0.51 | 0.64 | 0.38 | 0.60 | 0.51 | 0.404 | 4 |
狗尾草S. viridis | 0.31 | 0.46 | 0.45 | 0.56 | 0.42 | 0.39 | 0.52 | 0.17 | 0.57 | 0.49 | 0.19 | 0.51 | 0.33 | 0.36 | 0.32 | 0.35 | 0.56 | 0.68 | 0.60 | 0.41 | 0.38 | 0.62 | 0.438 | 1 |
白茎盐生草H. arachnoideus | 0.53 | 0.41 | 0.35 | 0.48 | 0.27 | 0.52 | 0.52 | 0.72 | 0.50 | 0.40 | 0.43 | 0.45 | 0.37 | 0.39 | 0.55 | 0.46 | 0.32 | 0.33 | 0.38 | 0.29 | 0.26 | 0.53 | 0.430 | 2 |
沙米A. squarrosum | 0.33 | 0.28 | 0.17 | 0.19 | 0.28 | 0.40 | 0.35 | 0.52 | 0.38 | 0.36 | 0.43 | 0.33 | 0.50 | 0.48 | 0.50 | 0.49 | 0.46 | 0.49 | 0.33 | 0.47 | 0.47 | 0.35 | 0.390 | 5 |
雾冰藜B. dasyphylla | 0.37 | 0.33 | 0.43 | 0.36 | 0.43 | 0.32 | 0.47 | 0.64 | 0.52 | 0.47 | 0.28 | 0.50 | 0.51 | 0.56 | 0.50 | 0.54 | 0.30 | 0.44 | 0.49 | 0.22 | 0.39 | 0.35 | 0.428 | 3 |
表1 5种一年生草本植物耐旱性指标隶属函数值及排序
Table 1 Affiliation function values and ranking of drought tolerance indicators for five annual herbaceous plants
物种 Species | 指标Indexes | 平均值Average | 排序Order | |||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
X1 | X2 | X3 | X4 | X5 | X6 | X7 | X8 | X9 | X10 | X11 | X12 | X13 | X14 | X15 | X16 | X17 | X18 | X19 | X20 | X21 | X22 | |||
虎尾草C. virgata | 0.21 | 0.27 | 0.27 | 0.31 | 0.36 | 0.32 | 0.48 | 0.52 | 0.39 | 0.27 | 0.19 | 0.42 | 0.57 | 0.40 | 0.43 | 0.41 | 0.40 | 0.51 | 0.64 | 0.38 | 0.60 | 0.51 | 0.404 | 4 |
狗尾草S. viridis | 0.31 | 0.46 | 0.45 | 0.56 | 0.42 | 0.39 | 0.52 | 0.17 | 0.57 | 0.49 | 0.19 | 0.51 | 0.33 | 0.36 | 0.32 | 0.35 | 0.56 | 0.68 | 0.60 | 0.41 | 0.38 | 0.62 | 0.438 | 1 |
白茎盐生草H. arachnoideus | 0.53 | 0.41 | 0.35 | 0.48 | 0.27 | 0.52 | 0.52 | 0.72 | 0.50 | 0.40 | 0.43 | 0.45 | 0.37 | 0.39 | 0.55 | 0.46 | 0.32 | 0.33 | 0.38 | 0.29 | 0.26 | 0.53 | 0.430 | 2 |
沙米A. squarrosum | 0.33 | 0.28 | 0.17 | 0.19 | 0.28 | 0.40 | 0.35 | 0.52 | 0.38 | 0.36 | 0.43 | 0.33 | 0.50 | 0.48 | 0.50 | 0.49 | 0.46 | 0.49 | 0.33 | 0.47 | 0.47 | 0.35 | 0.390 | 5 |
雾冰藜B. dasyphylla | 0.37 | 0.33 | 0.43 | 0.36 | 0.43 | 0.32 | 0.47 | 0.64 | 0.52 | 0.47 | 0.28 | 0.50 | 0.51 | 0.56 | 0.50 | 0.54 | 0.30 | 0.44 | 0.49 | 0.22 | 0.39 | 0.35 | 0.428 | 3 |
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