草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (6): 49-59.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025242
袁绍燕1(
), 刘元坤1, 蔡世杰1, 雷婷馨1, 周萍萍1,2, 王俊珍3(
), 颜红海1(
)
收稿日期:2025-06-19
修回日期:2025-08-08
出版日期:2026-06-20
发布日期:2026-04-13
通讯作者:
王俊珍,颜红海
作者简介:wangjunzhen108@163.com基金资助:
Shao-yan YUAN1(
), Yuan-kun LIU1, Shi-jie CAI1, Ting-xin LEI1, Ping-ping ZHOU1,2, Jun-zhen WANG3(
), Hong-hai YAN1(
)
Received:2025-06-19
Revised:2025-08-08
Online:2026-06-20
Published:2026-04-13
Contact:
Jun-zhen WANG,Hong-hai YAN
摘要:
燕麦是世界重要的饲草作物,在解决我国北方牧场饲草短缺中发挥了重要作用,筛选耐盐种质资源,选育耐盐品种对利用盐碱地生产燕麦饲草,进而增加我国饲草供给具有重要意义。为了评价燕麦种质资源耐盐性及筛选耐盐燕麦种质,本研究利用150 mmol·L-1的NaCl溶液对来自52个国家的213份燕麦种质资源进行为期7 d的苗期胁迫处理,测定了根长、苗高、根鲜重、苗鲜重、根干重和苗干重6个指标,综合利用相关性分析、主成分分析、隶属函数分析和聚类分析对燕麦种质资源的苗期耐盐性进行综合评价。结果表明:盐胁迫显著降低了除苗干重外的其他指标(P<0.05)。各生长指标耐盐系数的变异系数为12.21%~30.74%,表明该群体具有丰富的耐盐遗传多样性。盐胁迫下各指标之间,及与耐盐指数D值之间均呈现出极显著的正相关性。通过主成分分析将6项测定指标转换成了3个主成分,累积方差贡献率为84.14%。根重和苗重可作为评价燕麦苗期耐盐性的优选指标。基于隶属函数分析与聚类分析将供试燕麦种质划分为5个耐盐等级,2份来自葡萄牙和土耳其的燕麦被鉴定为高度耐盐型的燕麦材料,可作为盐碱地后续利用和耐盐育种的优异资源。值得注意的是,栽培品种与地方品种的耐盐性无显著差异,表明当前燕麦育种尚未将耐盐性作为主要育种目标,尚需加强该性状的遗传改良。本研究建立了系统的燕麦耐盐种质筛选体系,为盐渍化地区燕麦遗传改良和栽培提供了重要材料与技术支撑。
袁绍燕, 刘元坤, 蔡世杰, 雷婷馨, 周萍萍, 王俊珍, 颜红海. 多样性燕麦种质资源苗期耐盐性综合评价[J]. 草业学报, 2026, 35(6): 49-59.
Shao-yan YUAN, Yuan-kun LIU, Shi-jie CAI, Ting-xin LEI, Ping-ping ZHOU, Jun-zhen WANG, Hong-hai YAN. Comprehensive evaluation of the salt tolerance of diverse oat germplasm at the seedling stage[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2026, 35(6): 49-59.
来源地 Origin | 国家 Country | 种质数量Germplasm number | 选育状态 Breeding status | 来源地 Origin | 国家 Country | 种质数量Germplasm number | 选育状态 Breeding status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
育成品种 Cultivar | 地方品种 Landrace | 育成品种Cultivar | 地方品种Landrace | ||||||
东亚 East Asia | 中国China | 11 | 3 | 8 | 大洋洲Oceania | 澳大利亚Australia | 4 | 4 | |
| 蒙古国Mongolia | 10 | 10 | 东欧East Europe | 保加利亚Bulgaria | 7 | 5 | 2 | ||
| 朝鲜North Korea | 1 | 1 | 捷克Czech Republic | 3 | 3 | ||||
中亚 Central Asia | 阿富汗Afghanistan | 6 | 6 | 立陶宛Lithuania | 1 | 1 | |||
| 伊朗Iran | 3 | 1 | 2 | 摩尔多瓦Moldova | 1 | 1 | |||
| 哈萨克斯坦Kazakhstan | 1 | 1 | 波兰Poland | 2 | 2 | ||||
| 吉尔吉斯斯坦Kyrgyzstan | 1 | 1 | 俄罗斯Russia | 6 | 6 | ||||
南亚 South Asia | 印度India | 7 | 7 | 乌克兰Ukraine | 3 | 3 | |||
| 巴基斯坦Pakistan | 1 | 1 | 中欧Central Europe | 芬兰Finland | 1 | 1 | |||
西亚 West Asia | 亚美尼亚Armenia | 3 | 1 | 2 | 法国France | 2 | 1 | 1 | |
| 格鲁吉亚Georgia | 3 | 1 | 2 | 德国Germany | 2 | 2 | |||
| 以色列Israel | 1 | 1 | 西班牙Spain | 6 | 1 | 5 | |||
| 阿曼Oman | 3 | 3 | 瑞典Sweden | 3 | 3 | ||||
| 巴勒斯坦Palestine | 3 | 3 | 英国United Kingdom | 1 | 1 | ||||
| 叙利亚Syria | 3 | 1 | 2 | 地中海沿岸Mediterranean | 阿尔巴尼亚Albania | 3 | 3 | ||
| 土耳其Turkey | 16 | 1 | 15 | 阿尔及利亚Algeria | 4 | 4 | |||
| 阿塞拜疆Azerbaijan | 4 | 1 | 3 | 波黑Bosnia and Herzegovina | 13 | 2 | 11 | ||
非洲 Africa | 埃塞俄比亚Ethiopia | 8 | 1 | 7 | 克罗地亚Croatia | 4 | 4 | ||
| 南非South Africa | 2 | 2 | 塞浦路斯Cyprus | 5 | 2 | 3 | |||
| 乌干达Uganda | 1 | 1 | 埃及Egypt | 3 | 3 | ||||
| 津巴布韦Zimbabwe | 1 | 1 | 希腊Greece | 5 | 5 | ||||
| 北美洲North America | 加拿大Canada | 6 | 6 | 意大利Italy | 4 | 2 | 2 | ||
| 墨西哥Mexico | 5 | 5 | 马其顿Macedonia | 3 | 3 | ||||
| 美国United States | 14 | 12 | 2 | 摩洛哥Morocco | 5 | 2 | 3 | ||
| 南美洲South America | 玻利维亚Bolivia | 2 | 1 | 1 | 葡萄牙Portugal | 1 | 1 | ||
| 秘鲁Peru | 1 | 1 | 突尼斯Tunisia | 4 | 1 | 3 | |||
表1 213份供试燕麦材料地理来源及选育情况
Table 1 Geographical origin and breeding status of the 213 oat germplasms used in this study
来源地 Origin | 国家 Country | 种质数量Germplasm number | 选育状态 Breeding status | 来源地 Origin | 国家 Country | 种质数量Germplasm number | 选育状态 Breeding status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
育成品种 Cultivar | 地方品种 Landrace | 育成品种Cultivar | 地方品种Landrace | ||||||
东亚 East Asia | 中国China | 11 | 3 | 8 | 大洋洲Oceania | 澳大利亚Australia | 4 | 4 | |
| 蒙古国Mongolia | 10 | 10 | 东欧East Europe | 保加利亚Bulgaria | 7 | 5 | 2 | ||
| 朝鲜North Korea | 1 | 1 | 捷克Czech Republic | 3 | 3 | ||||
中亚 Central Asia | 阿富汗Afghanistan | 6 | 6 | 立陶宛Lithuania | 1 | 1 | |||
| 伊朗Iran | 3 | 1 | 2 | 摩尔多瓦Moldova | 1 | 1 | |||
| 哈萨克斯坦Kazakhstan | 1 | 1 | 波兰Poland | 2 | 2 | ||||
| 吉尔吉斯斯坦Kyrgyzstan | 1 | 1 | 俄罗斯Russia | 6 | 6 | ||||
南亚 South Asia | 印度India | 7 | 7 | 乌克兰Ukraine | 3 | 3 | |||
| 巴基斯坦Pakistan | 1 | 1 | 中欧Central Europe | 芬兰Finland | 1 | 1 | |||
西亚 West Asia | 亚美尼亚Armenia | 3 | 1 | 2 | 法国France | 2 | 1 | 1 | |
| 格鲁吉亚Georgia | 3 | 1 | 2 | 德国Germany | 2 | 2 | |||
| 以色列Israel | 1 | 1 | 西班牙Spain | 6 | 1 | 5 | |||
| 阿曼Oman | 3 | 3 | 瑞典Sweden | 3 | 3 | ||||
| 巴勒斯坦Palestine | 3 | 3 | 英国United Kingdom | 1 | 1 | ||||
| 叙利亚Syria | 3 | 1 | 2 | 地中海沿岸Mediterranean | 阿尔巴尼亚Albania | 3 | 3 | ||
| 土耳其Turkey | 16 | 1 | 15 | 阿尔及利亚Algeria | 4 | 4 | |||
| 阿塞拜疆Azerbaijan | 4 | 1 | 3 | 波黑Bosnia and Herzegovina | 13 | 2 | 11 | ||
非洲 Africa | 埃塞俄比亚Ethiopia | 8 | 1 | 7 | 克罗地亚Croatia | 4 | 4 | ||
| 南非South Africa | 2 | 2 | 塞浦路斯Cyprus | 5 | 2 | 3 | |||
| 乌干达Uganda | 1 | 1 | 埃及Egypt | 3 | 3 | ||||
| 津巴布韦Zimbabwe | 1 | 1 | 希腊Greece | 5 | 5 | ||||
| 北美洲North America | 加拿大Canada | 6 | 6 | 意大利Italy | 4 | 2 | 2 | ||
| 墨西哥Mexico | 5 | 5 | 马其顿Macedonia | 3 | 3 | ||||
| 美国United States | 14 | 12 | 2 | 摩洛哥Morocco | 5 | 2 | 3 | ||
| 南美洲South America | 玻利维亚Bolivia | 2 | 1 | 1 | 葡萄牙Portugal | 1 | 1 | ||
| 秘鲁Peru | 1 | 1 | 突尼斯Tunisia | 4 | 1 | 3 | |||
性状 Trait | 对照组 Control | 处理组 Treatment | 耐盐系数 Salt tolerance coefficient (STC) | STC变异系数 Coefficient of variation for STC (%) | 显著性 Significant | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
范围 Range | 平均值±标准差 Mean±SD | 范围 Range | 平均值±标准差 Mean±SD | ||||
| RL (cm) | 6.25~23.70 | 14.08±3.32 | 6.80~20.20 | 12.70±2.87 | 0.90 | 19.91 | *** |
| SH (cm) | 18.60~38.70 | 28.20±3.97 | 16.50~35.30 | 25.00±3.84 | 0.89 | 12.21 | *** |
| RFW (g) | 0.007~0.069 | 0.032±0.010 | 0.009~0.056 | 0.028±0.011 | 0.88 | 30.74 | ** |
| SFW (g) | 0.081~0.340 | 0.190±0.056 | 0.053~0.280 | 0.160±0.048 | 0.84 | 24.03 | *** |
| RDW (g) | 0.0016~0.0084 | 0.0046±0.0013 | 0.0014~0.0074 | 0.0041±0.0013 | 0.89 | 28.85 | *** |
| SDW (g) | 0.0074~0.0330 | 0.0180±0.0054 | 0.0068~0.0310 | 0.0180±0.0053 | 1.00 | 23.68 | ns |
表2 213份燕麦在盐胁迫下6个生长性状及耐盐系数
Table 2 Salt tolerance coefficient and 6 growth traits of 213 oat germplasms under salt stress conditions
性状 Trait | 对照组 Control | 处理组 Treatment | 耐盐系数 Salt tolerance coefficient (STC) | STC变异系数 Coefficient of variation for STC (%) | 显著性 Significant | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
范围 Range | 平均值±标准差 Mean±SD | 范围 Range | 平均值±标准差 Mean±SD | ||||
| RL (cm) | 6.25~23.70 | 14.08±3.32 | 6.80~20.20 | 12.70±2.87 | 0.90 | 19.91 | *** |
| SH (cm) | 18.60~38.70 | 28.20±3.97 | 16.50~35.30 | 25.00±3.84 | 0.89 | 12.21 | *** |
| RFW (g) | 0.007~0.069 | 0.032±0.010 | 0.009~0.056 | 0.028±0.011 | 0.88 | 30.74 | ** |
| SFW (g) | 0.081~0.340 | 0.190±0.056 | 0.053~0.280 | 0.160±0.048 | 0.84 | 24.03 | *** |
| RDW (g) | 0.0016~0.0084 | 0.0046±0.0013 | 0.0014~0.0074 | 0.0041±0.0013 | 0.89 | 28.85 | *** |
| SDW (g) | 0.0074~0.0330 | 0.0180±0.0054 | 0.0068~0.0310 | 0.0180±0.0053 | 1.00 | 23.68 | ns |
主成分 Principal component | 初始特征值Initial eigenvalue | 提取载荷平方和Extract square sum load | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
特征值 Eigenvalue | 方差贡献率Variance contribution (%) | 累积方差贡献率Cumulative variance contribution (%) | 特征值 Eigenvalue | 方差贡献率Variance contribution (%) | 累积方差贡献率Cumulative variance contribution (%) | |
| Ⅰ | 3.60 | 60.04 | 60.04 | 3.60 | 60.04 | 60.04 |
| Ⅱ | 0.88 | 14.71 | 74.75 | 0.88 | 14.71 | 74.75 |
| Ⅲ | 0.56 | 9.39 | 84.14 | |||
| Ⅳ | 0.44 | 7.41 | 91.55 | |||
| Ⅴ | 0.38 | 6.30 | 97.85 | |||
| Ⅵ | 0.13 | 2.14 | 100.00 | |||
表3 燕麦苗期各测定指标耐盐系数的主成分方差贡献率
Table 3 Variance contribution of the principal component derived from the salt tolerance indices of oat seedlings
主成分 Principal component | 初始特征值Initial eigenvalue | 提取载荷平方和Extract square sum load | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
特征值 Eigenvalue | 方差贡献率Variance contribution (%) | 累积方差贡献率Cumulative variance contribution (%) | 特征值 Eigenvalue | 方差贡献率Variance contribution (%) | 累积方差贡献率Cumulative variance contribution (%) | |
| Ⅰ | 3.60 | 60.04 | 60.04 | 3.60 | 60.04 | 60.04 |
| Ⅱ | 0.88 | 14.71 | 74.75 | 0.88 | 14.71 | 74.75 |
| Ⅲ | 0.56 | 9.39 | 84.14 | |||
| Ⅳ | 0.44 | 7.41 | 91.55 | |||
| Ⅴ | 0.38 | 6.30 | 97.85 | |||
| Ⅵ | 0.13 | 2.14 | 100.00 | |||
主成分 Principal component | 根长 Root length | 苗高 Seedling height | 根鲜重 Root fresh weight | 苗鲜重 Seedling fresh weight | 根干重 Root dry weight | 苗干重 Seedling dry weight |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ⅰ | 0.700 | 0.760 | 0.800 | 0.880 | -0.540 | 0.910 |
| Ⅱ | 0.410 | 0.330 | -0.100 | 0.007 | 0.770 | -0.052 |
| Ⅲ | -0.300 | 0.250 | -0.280 | 0.310 | 0.140 | 0.200 |
表4 6个生长性状的主成分载荷矩阵
Table 4 Loading matrix of the 6 growth traits on the principal components
主成分 Principal component | 根长 Root length | 苗高 Seedling height | 根鲜重 Root fresh weight | 苗鲜重 Seedling fresh weight | 根干重 Root dry weight | 苗干重 Seedling dry weight |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ⅰ | 0.700 | 0.760 | 0.800 | 0.880 | -0.540 | 0.910 |
| Ⅱ | 0.410 | 0.330 | -0.100 | 0.007 | 0.770 | -0.052 |
| Ⅲ | -0.300 | 0.250 | -0.280 | 0.310 | 0.140 | 0.200 |
图1 燕麦6个生长性状隶属函数值及D值间相关关系RL,根长;SH,苗高;RFW,根鲜重;SFW,苗鲜重;RDW,根干重;SDW,苗干重;D value:D值。***表示在0.001水平下显著,**表示在0.01水平显著;ns表示在0.05水平不显著。RL, Root length; SH, Seedling height; RFW, Root fresh weight; SFW, Seedling fresh weight; RDW, Root dry weight; SDW, Seedling dry weight. *** represents significant difference at the 0.001 level, ** represents significant difference at the 0.01 level, ns represents non-significant difference at the 0.05 level.
Fig.1 Correlation between the membership function of 6 growth traits and D values in oat
图2 基于综合评价D值的213份燕麦种质的耐盐性聚类分析I:高度耐盐型;II:耐盐型;III:中等耐盐型;IV:盐敏感型;V:极度盐敏感型。I: High salt-tolerant; II: Salt-tolerant; III: Moderate salt-tolerant; IV: Salt-sensitive; V: Hight salt-sensitive.
Fig. 2 Cluster analysis of salt tolerance of 213 oat germplasms based on the D values
变异来源 Source of variation | 自由度 Degrees of freedom | 平方和 Sum of squares | 均方 Mean square | F值 F value | P值 P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 地理来源Geographic origin (O) | 10 | 0.0840 | 0.0084 | 0.72 | 0.71 |
| 选育状态Breeding status (B) | 1 | 0.0068 | 0.0068 | 0.58 | 0.45 |
| O×B | 11 | 0.0840 | 0.0076 | 0.65 | 0.78 |
| 误差Error | 201 | 2.3500 | 0.0120 |
表5 不同地理来源和选育状态燕麦耐盐性指数方差分析
Table 5 Analysis of variance for salt tolerance index of oats from different origins and with different breeding status
变异来源 Source of variation | 自由度 Degrees of freedom | 平方和 Sum of squares | 均方 Mean square | F值 F value | P值 P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 地理来源Geographic origin (O) | 10 | 0.0840 | 0.0084 | 0.72 | 0.71 |
| 选育状态Breeding status (B) | 1 | 0.0068 | 0.0068 | 0.58 | 0.45 |
| O×B | 11 | 0.0840 | 0.0076 | 0.65 | 0.78 |
| 误差Error | 201 | 2.3500 | 0.0120 |
项目 Item | 范围 Range | 平均值 Mean | 标准差 Standard deviation | 变异系数 Coefficient of variation (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
地理来源 Geographic origin | 东亚East Asia | 0.38~0.64 | 0.50 | 0.07 | 14.00 |
| 中亚Central Asia | 0.33~0.65 | 0.51 | 0.09 | 17.60 | |
| 南亚South Asia | 0.32~0.56 | 0.47 | 0.09 | 19.20 | |
| 西亚West Asia | 0.26~0.74 | 0.52 | 0.09 | 17.30 | |
| 中欧Central Europe | 0.20~0.65 | 0.50 | 0.12 | 24.00 | |
| 东欧East Europe | 0.03~0.68 | 0.48 | 0.16 | 33.30 | |
| 地中海沿岸Mediterranean | 0.20~0.80 | 0.50 | 0.11 | 22.00 | |
| 北美洲North America | 0.28~0.66 | 0.49 | 0.09 | 18.40 | |
| 南美洲South America | 0.51~0.66 | 0.59 | 0.08 | 13.60 | |
| 非洲Africa | 0.26~0.64 | 0.50 | 0.12 | 24.00 | |
| 大洋洲Oceania | 0.42~0.46 | 0.45 | 0.02 | 4.44 | |
选育状态 Breeding status | 地方品种Landrace | 0.20~0.80 | 0.50 | 0.10 | 20.50 |
| 育成品种Cultivar | 0.03~0.69 | 0.50 | 0.12 | 23.56 | |
表6 不同地区以及不同选育状态燕麦种质资源耐盐指数D值变异情况
Table 6 Variation in salt tolerance index (D value) of oats from different regions and with different breeding status
项目 Item | 范围 Range | 平均值 Mean | 标准差 Standard deviation | 变异系数 Coefficient of variation (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
地理来源 Geographic origin | 东亚East Asia | 0.38~0.64 | 0.50 | 0.07 | 14.00 |
| 中亚Central Asia | 0.33~0.65 | 0.51 | 0.09 | 17.60 | |
| 南亚South Asia | 0.32~0.56 | 0.47 | 0.09 | 19.20 | |
| 西亚West Asia | 0.26~0.74 | 0.52 | 0.09 | 17.30 | |
| 中欧Central Europe | 0.20~0.65 | 0.50 | 0.12 | 24.00 | |
| 东欧East Europe | 0.03~0.68 | 0.48 | 0.16 | 33.30 | |
| 地中海沿岸Mediterranean | 0.20~0.80 | 0.50 | 0.11 | 22.00 | |
| 北美洲North America | 0.28~0.66 | 0.49 | 0.09 | 18.40 | |
| 南美洲South America | 0.51~0.66 | 0.59 | 0.08 | 13.60 | |
| 非洲Africa | 0.26~0.64 | 0.50 | 0.12 | 24.00 | |
| 大洋洲Oceania | 0.42~0.46 | 0.45 | 0.02 | 4.44 | |
选育状态 Breeding status | 地方品种Landrace | 0.20~0.80 | 0.50 | 0.10 | 20.50 |
| 育成品种Cultivar | 0.03~0.69 | 0.50 | 0.12 | 23.56 | |
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