草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (6): 60-72.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025267
刘志昊1(
), 李文龙2, 张晨2, 刘美英1(
), 陶雅2(
)
收稿日期:2025-07-01
修回日期:2025-09-15
出版日期:2026-06-20
发布日期:2026-04-13
通讯作者:
刘美英,陶雅
作者简介:taoya2001@126.com基金资助:
Zhi-hao LIU1(
), Wen-long LI2, Chen ZHANG2, Mei-ying LIU1(
), Ya TAO2(
)
Received:2025-07-01
Revised:2025-09-15
Online:2026-06-20
Published:2026-04-13
Contact:
Mei-ying LIU,Ya TAO
摘要:
全株玉米青贮饲料是反刍动物生产中重要的粗饲料来源,养殖废水中含有大量农作物所需的营养元素,将养殖废水用于灌溉全株青贮玉米,是否会影响原料品质进而影响青贮发酵品质的研究未见报道。本试验将养殖废水(W1)和地下水(W2)灌溉后的全株青贮玉米作为原料,分别进行以下处理:自然青贮(CK)、添加青贮邦(A1)、添加先牧1152(A2)、添加壮乐美(A3),于青贮3和80 d后开袋取样,测定其营养成分和发酵品质,以期为养殖废水的合理利用并筛选适宜的青贮玉米添加剂提供实践参考。结果表明,养殖废水灌溉增加了土壤中有效养分含量,显著降低了青贮玉米原料的干物质含量,显著提高了粗蛋白、酸性洗涤纤维含量。养殖废水灌溉以及不同添加剂对全株玉米青贮的营养成分和发酵品质指标均有显著影响,二者交互作用明显。综合9项指标通过灰色关联分析法得出,在青贮发酵的前期和稳定期,W1A1均为最优处理。综上所述,在养殖废水灌溉条件下添加青贮邦可以提高青贮玉米‘峰单189’发酵80 d的青贮品质,其效果优于地下水灌溉条件下自然青贮。
刘志昊, 李文龙, 张晨, 刘美英, 陶雅. 养殖废水灌溉下青贮添加剂对全株玉米青贮饲料品质的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2026, 35(6): 60-72.
Zhi-hao LIU, Wen-long LI, Chen ZHANG, Mei-ying LIU, Ya TAO. Effects of silage additives on the quality of whole crop maize silage produced from plants irrigated with livestock wastewater[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2026, 35(6): 60-72.
青贮添加剂名称 Name of silage additive | 菌种 Strain | 生产公司 Production corporation |
|---|---|---|
| 青贮邦Qingzhubang | 植物乳植杆菌Lactiplantibacillus plantarum | 内蒙古和美科盛生物技术有限公司Inner Mongolia Sci-Plus Biotech. Co., Ltd. |
| 先牧1152 Xianmu1152 | 植物乳植杆菌L. plantarum | 美国丹尼斯克有限公司Danisco USA Inc |
| 壮乐美Zhuanglemei | 植物乳植杆菌,布氏乳杆菌L. plantarum, Lactobacillus buchneri | 四川高福记生物科技有限公司Sichuan Gaofuji Biological Technology Co., Ltd |
表1 玉米青贮添加剂菌种及生产公司
Table 1 Maize silage additive strains and production company
青贮添加剂名称 Name of silage additive | 菌种 Strain | 生产公司 Production corporation |
|---|---|---|
| 青贮邦Qingzhubang | 植物乳植杆菌Lactiplantibacillus plantarum | 内蒙古和美科盛生物技术有限公司Inner Mongolia Sci-Plus Biotech. Co., Ltd. |
| 先牧1152 Xianmu1152 | 植物乳植杆菌L. plantarum | 美国丹尼斯克有限公司Danisco USA Inc |
| 壮乐美Zhuanglemei | 植物乳植杆菌,布氏乳杆菌L. plantarum, Lactobacillus buchneri | 四川高福记生物科技有限公司Sichuan Gaofuji Biological Technology Co., Ltd |
处理 Treatment | 处理方式 Treatment method | 编号 Number |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 养殖废水灌溉青贮玉米+自然青贮Raw materials under livestock wastewater irrigation were naturally ensiled | W1CK |
| 2 | 养殖废水灌溉青贮玉米+青贮邦Raw materials under livestock wastewater irrigation were ensiled by adding Qingzhubang | W1A1 |
| 3 | 养殖废水灌溉青贮玉米+先牧1152 Raw materials under livestock wastewater irrigation were ensiled by adding Xianmu1152 | W1A2 |
| 4 | 养殖废水灌溉青贮玉米+壮乐美Raw materials under livestock wastewater irrigation were ensiled by adding Zhuanglemei | W1A3 |
| 5 | 地下水灌溉青贮玉米+自然青贮Raw materials under groundwater irrigation were naturally ensiled | W2CK |
| 6 | 地下水灌溉青贮玉米+青贮邦Raw materials under groundwater irrigation were ensiled by adding Qingzhubang | W2A1 |
| 7 | 地下水灌溉青贮玉米+先牧1152 Raw materials under groundwater irrigation were ensiled by adding Xianmu1152 | W2A2 |
| 8 | 地下水灌溉青贮玉米+壮乐美Raw materials under groundwater irrigation were ensiled by adding Zhuanglemei | W2A3 |
表2 试验处理信息表
Table 2 Test treatment information table
处理 Treatment | 处理方式 Treatment method | 编号 Number |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 养殖废水灌溉青贮玉米+自然青贮Raw materials under livestock wastewater irrigation were naturally ensiled | W1CK |
| 2 | 养殖废水灌溉青贮玉米+青贮邦Raw materials under livestock wastewater irrigation were ensiled by adding Qingzhubang | W1A1 |
| 3 | 养殖废水灌溉青贮玉米+先牧1152 Raw materials under livestock wastewater irrigation were ensiled by adding Xianmu1152 | W1A2 |
| 4 | 养殖废水灌溉青贮玉米+壮乐美Raw materials under livestock wastewater irrigation were ensiled by adding Zhuanglemei | W1A3 |
| 5 | 地下水灌溉青贮玉米+自然青贮Raw materials under groundwater irrigation were naturally ensiled | W2CK |
| 6 | 地下水灌溉青贮玉米+青贮邦Raw materials under groundwater irrigation were ensiled by adding Qingzhubang | W2A1 |
| 7 | 地下水灌溉青贮玉米+先牧1152 Raw materials under groundwater irrigation were ensiled by adding Xianmu1152 | W2A2 |
| 8 | 地下水灌溉青贮玉米+壮乐美Raw materials under groundwater irrigation were ensiled by adding Zhuanglemei | W2A3 |
灌溉用水 Irrigation water | pH | 水溶性盐 Water-soluble salt (g·kg-1) | 全氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg-1) | 有效磷 Available phosphorus (mg·kg-1) | 速效钾 Available potassium (mg·kg-1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| W1 | 8.61a | 2.21a | 1.49a | 19.24a | 162.26a |
| W2 | 8.86a | 1.62a | 1.05a | 13.73b | 120.94b |
| SEM | 0.072 | 0.210 | 0.127 | 1.269 | 9.435 |
| P值P-value | 0.060 | 0.194 | 0.068 | 0.001 | <0.001 |
表3 不同灌溉用水对土壤基础理化指标的影响
Table 3 Effects of different irrigation water on soil basic physical and chemical indexes
灌溉用水 Irrigation water | pH | 水溶性盐 Water-soluble salt (g·kg-1) | 全氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg-1) | 有效磷 Available phosphorus (mg·kg-1) | 速效钾 Available potassium (mg·kg-1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| W1 | 8.61a | 2.21a | 1.49a | 19.24a | 162.26a |
| W2 | 8.86a | 1.62a | 1.05a | 13.73b | 120.94b |
| SEM | 0.072 | 0.210 | 0.127 | 1.269 | 9.435 |
| P值P-value | 0.060 | 0.194 | 0.068 | 0.001 | <0.001 |
灌溉用水 Irrigation water | 干物质 Dry matter (DM, %FM) | 粗蛋白 Crude protein (CP, %DM) | 中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber (NDF, %DM) | 酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber (ADF, %DM) | 可溶性糖 Water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC, %DM) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| W1 | 33.58b | 10.05a | 47.63a | 25.57a | 10.27a |
| W2 | 36.27a | 8.21b | 43.99a | 21.02b | 9.28a |
| SEM | 0.612 | 0.436 | 1.266 | 1.170 | 0.328 |
| P值P-value | <0.001 | 0.004 | 0.169 | 0.024 | 0.144 |
表4 不同灌溉用水对青贮玉米原料营养成分的影响
Table 4 Effects of different irrigation water on the nutritional components of silage corn raw materials
灌溉用水 Irrigation water | 干物质 Dry matter (DM, %FM) | 粗蛋白 Crude protein (CP, %DM) | 中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber (NDF, %DM) | 酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber (ADF, %DM) | 可溶性糖 Water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC, %DM) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| W1 | 33.58b | 10.05a | 47.63a | 25.57a | 10.27a |
| W2 | 36.27a | 8.21b | 43.99a | 21.02b | 9.28a |
| SEM | 0.612 | 0.436 | 1.266 | 1.170 | 0.328 |
| P值P-value | <0.001 | 0.004 | 0.169 | 0.024 | 0.144 |
| 灌溉用水Irrigation water | 添加剂Silage additive | DM (%FM) | CP (%DM) | NDF (%DM) | ADF (%DM) | WSC (%DM) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| W1 | CK | 32.01cd | 8.57a | 43.69a | 20.82ab | 6.60c |
| A1 | 31.00d | 8.12a | 41.97ab | 19.99b | 8.98a | |
| A2 | 31.25d | 8.17a | 41.99ab | 19.45bc | 8.11ab | |
| A3 | 31.61cd | 8.46a | 42.33ab | 20.32ab | 6.87c | |
| W2 | CK | 35.13a | 7.29b | 36.75c | 17.98c | 6.87c |
| A1 | 33.02bc | 7.08b | 43.22a | 21.75a | 7.10bc | |
| A2 | 33.03bc | 7.03b | 43.55a | 21.81a | 7.13bc | |
| A3 | 33.75ab | 7.13b | 40.13b | 19.69bc | 6.68c | |
| SEM | 0.291 | 0.133 | 0.504 | 0.267 | 0.178 | |
| P值P-value | W | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.523 | <0.001 |
| A | 0.001 | 0.020 | <0.001 | 0.003 | <0.001 | |
| W×A | 0.255 | 0.539 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.002 | |
| W1 | 31.47b | 8.33a | 42.42a | 20.15a | 7.73a | |
| W2 | 33.73a | 7.13b | 40.91a | 20.31a | 6.95b | |
| CK | 33.57a | 7.93a | 39.53c | 19.40b | 6.76b | |
| A1 | 32.01b | 7.60b | 42.59ab | 20.87a | 8.04a | |
| A2 | 32.14b | 7.60b | 42.93a | 20.63a | 7.62a | |
| A3 | 32.68ab | 7.80ab | 41.23b | 20.01ab | 6.77b |
表5 养殖废水灌溉和青贮添加剂在发酵3 d后对玉米青贮营养成分的影响
Table 5 Effects of livestock wastewater irrigation and silage additives on the nutritional components of maize silage after 3 days of fermentation
| 灌溉用水Irrigation water | 添加剂Silage additive | DM (%FM) | CP (%DM) | NDF (%DM) | ADF (%DM) | WSC (%DM) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| W1 | CK | 32.01cd | 8.57a | 43.69a | 20.82ab | 6.60c |
| A1 | 31.00d | 8.12a | 41.97ab | 19.99b | 8.98a | |
| A2 | 31.25d | 8.17a | 41.99ab | 19.45bc | 8.11ab | |
| A3 | 31.61cd | 8.46a | 42.33ab | 20.32ab | 6.87c | |
| W2 | CK | 35.13a | 7.29b | 36.75c | 17.98c | 6.87c |
| A1 | 33.02bc | 7.08b | 43.22a | 21.75a | 7.10bc | |
| A2 | 33.03bc | 7.03b | 43.55a | 21.81a | 7.13bc | |
| A3 | 33.75ab | 7.13b | 40.13b | 19.69bc | 6.68c | |
| SEM | 0.291 | 0.133 | 0.504 | 0.267 | 0.178 | |
| P值P-value | W | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.523 | <0.001 |
| A | 0.001 | 0.020 | <0.001 | 0.003 | <0.001 | |
| W×A | 0.255 | 0.539 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.002 | |
| W1 | 31.47b | 8.33a | 42.42a | 20.15a | 7.73a | |
| W2 | 33.73a | 7.13b | 40.91a | 20.31a | 6.95b | |
| CK | 33.57a | 7.93a | 39.53c | 19.40b | 6.76b | |
| A1 | 32.01b | 7.60b | 42.59ab | 20.87a | 8.04a | |
| A2 | 32.14b | 7.60b | 42.93a | 20.63a | 7.62a | |
| A3 | 32.68ab | 7.80ab | 41.23b | 20.01ab | 6.77b |
| 灌溉用水Irrigation water | 添加剂Silage additive | DM (%FM) | CP (%DM) | NDF (%DM) | ADF (%DM) | WSC (%DM) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| W1 | CK | 29.65d | 8.45a | 38.60cd | 19.74cd | 5.00cd |
| A1 | 29.45d | 8.05a | 37.71cd | 18.86cd | 8.57a | |
| A2 | 30.70bcd | 8.18a | 39.54cd | 19.70cd | 6.94b | |
| A3 | 29.90cd | 8.36a | 39.85bc | 20.13bc | 5.39c | |
| W2 | CK | 33.67a | 7.04b | 37.61d | 18.34d | 5.54c |
| A1 | 31.65abcd | 7.11b | 41.92ab | 21.43ab | 5.45c | |
| A2 | 32.41abc | 7.16b | 42.23a | 21.71a | 4.64d | |
| A3 | 32.93ab | 7.05b | 43.02a | 21.94a | 5.32cd | |
| SEM | 0.348 | 0.128 | 0.448 | 0.285 | 0.279 | |
| P值P-value | W | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| A | 0.165 | 0.442 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| W×A | 0.164 | 0.087 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| W1 | 29.92b | 8.26a | 38.87b | 19.60b | 6.61a | |
| W2 | 32.67a | 7.09b | 41.20a | 20.86a | 5.27c | |
| CK | 31.66a | 7.74a | 38.10c | 19.04c | 5.32c | |
| A1 | 30.55a | 7.58a | 39.82b | 20.15b | 7.32a | |
| A2 | 31.56a | 7.67a | 41.15a | 20.90ab | 6.02b | |
| A3 | 31.41a | 7.70a | 41.44a | 21.04a | 5.36c |
表6 养殖废水灌溉和青贮添加剂在发酵80 d后对玉米青贮营养成分的影响
Table 6 Effects of livestock wastewater irrigation and silage additives on the nutritional components of maize silage after 80 days of fermentation
| 灌溉用水Irrigation water | 添加剂Silage additive | DM (%FM) | CP (%DM) | NDF (%DM) | ADF (%DM) | WSC (%DM) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| W1 | CK | 29.65d | 8.45a | 38.60cd | 19.74cd | 5.00cd |
| A1 | 29.45d | 8.05a | 37.71cd | 18.86cd | 8.57a | |
| A2 | 30.70bcd | 8.18a | 39.54cd | 19.70cd | 6.94b | |
| A3 | 29.90cd | 8.36a | 39.85bc | 20.13bc | 5.39c | |
| W2 | CK | 33.67a | 7.04b | 37.61d | 18.34d | 5.54c |
| A1 | 31.65abcd | 7.11b | 41.92ab | 21.43ab | 5.45c | |
| A2 | 32.41abc | 7.16b | 42.23a | 21.71a | 4.64d | |
| A3 | 32.93ab | 7.05b | 43.02a | 21.94a | 5.32cd | |
| SEM | 0.348 | 0.128 | 0.448 | 0.285 | 0.279 | |
| P值P-value | W | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| A | 0.165 | 0.442 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| W×A | 0.164 | 0.087 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| W1 | 29.92b | 8.26a | 38.87b | 19.60b | 6.61a | |
| W2 | 32.67a | 7.09b | 41.20a | 20.86a | 5.27c | |
| CK | 31.66a | 7.74a | 38.10c | 19.04c | 5.32c | |
| A1 | 30.55a | 7.58a | 39.82b | 20.15b | 7.32a | |
| A2 | 31.56a | 7.67a | 41.15a | 20.90ab | 6.02b | |
| A3 | 31.41a | 7.70a | 41.44a | 21.04a | 5.36c |
灌溉用水 Irrigation water | 添加剂 Silage additive | pH | 乳酸 Lactic acid (LA, %DM) | 乙酸 Acetic acid (AA, %DM) | 丙酸 Propionic acid (PA, %DM) | 丁酸 Butyric acid (BA, %DM) | 氨态氮 Ammonium nitrogen (NH3-N, %TN) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| W1 | CK | 3.77e | 8.62a | 1.34a | ND | ND | 3.69a |
| A1 | 3.81de | 6.74bc | 0.39d | ND | ND | 2.90b | |
| A2 | 3.79e | 7.27ab | 0.54cd | ND | ND | 3.38a | |
| A3 | 3.83cde | 7.39ab | 1.29a | ND | ND | 3.74a | |
| W2 | CK | 3.88bcd | 6.05bcd | 0.68c | ND | ND | 2.44c |
| A1 | 3.91b | 5.74cd | 1.03b | ND | ND | 2.86b | |
| A2 | 4.08a | 3.34e | 1.19ab | ND | ND | 2.85b | |
| A3 | 3.89bc | 5.30d | 0.75c | ND | ND | 2.39c | |
| SEM | 0.020 | 0.335 | 0.079 | - | - | 0.104 | |
| P值P-value | W | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.431 | - | - | <0.001 |
| A | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | - | - | 0.033 | |
| W×A | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | - | - | <0.001 | |
| W1 | 3.80b | 7.51a | 0.89b | ND | ND | 3.43a | |
| W2 | 3.94a | 5.02b | 0.90b | ND | ND | 2.63b | |
| CK | 3.83b | 7.59a | 0.95ab | ND | ND | 3.07ab | |
| A1 | 3.86b | 6.24b | 0.78c | ND | ND | 2.88b | |
| A2 | 3.94a | 5.30c | 0.86bc | ND | ND | 3.12a | |
| A3 | 3.86b | 6.35b | 1.02a | ND | ND | 3.06ab |
表7 养殖废水灌溉和青贮添加剂在发酵3 d后对玉米青贮发酵品质的影响
Table 7 Effects of livestock wastewater irrigation and silage additives on the fermentation quality of maize silage after 3 days of fermentation
灌溉用水 Irrigation water | 添加剂 Silage additive | pH | 乳酸 Lactic acid (LA, %DM) | 乙酸 Acetic acid (AA, %DM) | 丙酸 Propionic acid (PA, %DM) | 丁酸 Butyric acid (BA, %DM) | 氨态氮 Ammonium nitrogen (NH3-N, %TN) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| W1 | CK | 3.77e | 8.62a | 1.34a | ND | ND | 3.69a |
| A1 | 3.81de | 6.74bc | 0.39d | ND | ND | 2.90b | |
| A2 | 3.79e | 7.27ab | 0.54cd | ND | ND | 3.38a | |
| A3 | 3.83cde | 7.39ab | 1.29a | ND | ND | 3.74a | |
| W2 | CK | 3.88bcd | 6.05bcd | 0.68c | ND | ND | 2.44c |
| A1 | 3.91b | 5.74cd | 1.03b | ND | ND | 2.86b | |
| A2 | 4.08a | 3.34e | 1.19ab | ND | ND | 2.85b | |
| A3 | 3.89bc | 5.30d | 0.75c | ND | ND | 2.39c | |
| SEM | 0.020 | 0.335 | 0.079 | - | - | 0.104 | |
| P值P-value | W | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.431 | - | - | <0.001 |
| A | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | - | - | 0.033 | |
| W×A | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | - | - | <0.001 | |
| W1 | 3.80b | 7.51a | 0.89b | ND | ND | 3.43a | |
| W2 | 3.94a | 5.02b | 0.90b | ND | ND | 2.63b | |
| CK | 3.83b | 7.59a | 0.95ab | ND | ND | 3.07ab | |
| A1 | 3.86b | 6.24b | 0.78c | ND | ND | 2.88b | |
| A2 | 3.94a | 5.30c | 0.86bc | ND | ND | 3.12a | |
| A3 | 3.86b | 6.35b | 1.02a | ND | ND | 3.06ab |
| 灌溉用水Irrigation water | 添加剂Silage additive | pH | LA (%DM) | AA (%DM) | PA (%DM) | BA (%DM) | NH3-N (%TN) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| W1 | CK | 3.79abc | 13.10a | 2.12a | ND | ND | 8.28a |
| A1 | 3.88a | 11.97abc | 0.65d | ND | ND | 6.69bc | |
| A2 | 3.73bc | 12.18ab | 0.96c | ND | ND | 7.74ab | |
| A3 | 3.77abc | 11.45abcd | 1.90a | ND | ND | 7.93ab | |
| W2 | CK | 3.84ab | 8.78d | 1.11c | ND | ND | 5.24d |
| A1 | 3.75abc | 9.00d | 1.43b | ND | ND | 5.07d | |
| A2 | 3.72bc | 9.39bcd | 1.86a | ND | ND | 5.85cd | |
| A3 | 3.67c | 9.22cd | 1.50b | ND | ND | 5.01d | |
| SEM | 0.016 | 0.385 | 0.104 | - | - | 0.327 | |
| P值P-value | W | 0.030 | <0.001 | 0.122 | - | - | <0.001 |
| A | 0.003 | 0.702 | <0.001 | - | - | 0.011 | |
| W×A | 0.032 | 0.346 | <0.001 | - | - | 0.034 | |
| W1 | 3.79a | 12.19a | 1.46b | ND | ND | 7.66a | |
| W2 | 3.75a | 9.12b | 1.51b | ND | ND | 5.27b | |
| CK | 3.82a | 11.37a | 1.61ab | ND | ND | 6.76a | |
| A1 | 3.82a | 10.19a | 1.12c | ND | ND | 5.72b | |
| A2 | 3.72b | 10.78a | 1.50b | ND | ND | 6.79a | |
| A3 | 3.72b | 10.34a | 1.70a | ND | ND | 6.47a |
表8 养殖废水灌溉和青贮添加剂在发酵80 d后对玉米青贮发酵品质的影响
Table 8 Effects of livestock wastewater irrigation and silage additives on the fermentation quality of maize silage after 80 days of fermentation
| 灌溉用水Irrigation water | 添加剂Silage additive | pH | LA (%DM) | AA (%DM) | PA (%DM) | BA (%DM) | NH3-N (%TN) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| W1 | CK | 3.79abc | 13.10a | 2.12a | ND | ND | 8.28a |
| A1 | 3.88a | 11.97abc | 0.65d | ND | ND | 6.69bc | |
| A2 | 3.73bc | 12.18ab | 0.96c | ND | ND | 7.74ab | |
| A3 | 3.77abc | 11.45abcd | 1.90a | ND | ND | 7.93ab | |
| W2 | CK | 3.84ab | 8.78d | 1.11c | ND | ND | 5.24d |
| A1 | 3.75abc | 9.00d | 1.43b | ND | ND | 5.07d | |
| A2 | 3.72bc | 9.39bcd | 1.86a | ND | ND | 5.85cd | |
| A3 | 3.67c | 9.22cd | 1.50b | ND | ND | 5.01d | |
| SEM | 0.016 | 0.385 | 0.104 | - | - | 0.327 | |
| P值P-value | W | 0.030 | <0.001 | 0.122 | - | - | <0.001 |
| A | 0.003 | 0.702 | <0.001 | - | - | 0.011 | |
| W×A | 0.032 | 0.346 | <0.001 | - | - | 0.034 | |
| W1 | 3.79a | 12.19a | 1.46b | ND | ND | 7.66a | |
| W2 | 3.75a | 9.12b | 1.51b | ND | ND | 5.27b | |
| CK | 3.82a | 11.37a | 1.61ab | ND | ND | 6.76a | |
| A1 | 3.82a | 10.19a | 1.12c | ND | ND | 5.72b | |
| A2 | 3.72b | 10.78a | 1.50b | ND | ND | 6.79a | |
| A3 | 3.72b | 10.34a | 1.70a | ND | ND | 6.47a |
图1 发酵3 d后玉米青贮品质的Pearson相关性分析*, P<0.05; **, P<0.01;***, P<0.001.DM:干物质Dry matter;CP:粗蛋白Crude protein;NDF:中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber;ADF:酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fiber;WSC:可溶性糖Water-soluble carbohydrate;LA:乳酸Lactic acid;AA:乙酸Acetic acid;NH3-N:氨态氮Ammonium nitrogen.下同The same below.
Fig.1 Pearson correlation analysis of maize silage quality after 3 days of fermentation
图2 发酵80 d后玉米青贮品质的Pearson相关性分析*, P<0.05; **, P<0.01, ***, P<0.001.
Fig.2 Pearson correlation analysis of maize silage quality after 80 days of fermentation
灌溉用水 Irrigation water | 添加剂 Silage additive | 关联度 Correlation degree | 排名 Ranking |
|---|---|---|---|
| W1 | CK | 0.8365 | 5 |
| A1 | 0.9251 | 1 | |
| A2 | 0.8857 | 3 | |
| A3 | 0.8241 | 7 | |
| W2 | CK | 0.8994 | 2 |
| A1 | 0.8271 | 6 | |
| A2 | 0.8112 | 8 | |
| A3 | 0.8689 | 4 |
表9 发酵3 d玉米青贮品质灰色关联综合评价
Table 9 Grey relational comprehensive evaluation of maize silage quality after 3 days of fermentation
灌溉用水 Irrigation water | 添加剂 Silage additive | 关联度 Correlation degree | 排名 Ranking |
|---|---|---|---|
| W1 | CK | 0.8365 | 5 |
| A1 | 0.9251 | 1 | |
| A2 | 0.8857 | 3 | |
| A3 | 0.8241 | 7 | |
| W2 | CK | 0.8994 | 2 |
| A1 | 0.8271 | 6 | |
| A2 | 0.8112 | 8 | |
| A3 | 0.8689 | 4 |
灌溉用水 Irrigation water | 添加剂 Silage additive | 关联度 Correlation degree | 排名 Ranking |
|---|---|---|---|
| W1 | CK | 0.8321 | 6 |
| A1 | 0.9441 | 1 | |
| A2 | 0.8854 | 2 | |
| A3 | 0.8269 | 7 | |
| W2 | CK | 0.8839 | 3 |
| A1 | 0.8458 | 4 | |
| A2 | 0.8190 | 8 | |
| A3 | 0.8428 | 5 |
表10 发酵80 d玉米青贮品质灰色关联综合评价
Table 10 Grey relational comprehensive evaluation of maize silage quality after 80 days of fermentation
灌溉用水 Irrigation water | 添加剂 Silage additive | 关联度 Correlation degree | 排名 Ranking |
|---|---|---|---|
| W1 | CK | 0.8321 | 6 |
| A1 | 0.9441 | 1 | |
| A2 | 0.8854 | 2 | |
| A3 | 0.8269 | 7 | |
| W2 | CK | 0.8839 | 3 |
| A1 | 0.8458 | 4 | |
| A2 | 0.8190 | 8 | |
| A3 | 0.8428 | 5 |
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