草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (7): 105-116.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025277
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
孙静1(
), 孙延亮1, 夏东杰1, 魏孔钦1, 杨开鑫1, 隋晓青2, 张前兵1(
)
收稿日期:2025-07-03
修回日期:2025-09-18
出版日期:2026-07-20
发布日期:2026-05-21
通讯作者:
张前兵
作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: qbz102@163.com基金资助:
Jing SUN1(
), Yan-liang SUN1, Dong-jie XIA1, Kong-qin WEI1, Kai-xin YANG1, Xiao-qing SUI2, Qian-bing ZHANG1(
)
Received:2025-07-03
Revised:2025-09-18
Online:2026-07-20
Published:2026-05-21
Contact:
Qian-bing ZHANG
摘要:
为明确不同氮磷水肥耦合对无芒雀麦光合特性、饲草生产性能及无芒雀麦田土壤养分含量的影响,本研究以‘乌苏1号’无芒雀麦为试验对象,采用双因素随机区组设计,水分设置3个梯度,分别为灌溉3800 (W1)、5300 (W2)和6800 m3·hm-2(W3);施肥设置3个梯度,分别为不施肥(F0)、施N 120 kg·hm-2和P2O5 100 kg·hm-2(F1)、施N 180 kg·hm-2和P2O5 150 kg·hm-2(F2)。结果表明:W3F1处理较W1F0处理的净光合速率提高了21.22%,叶片瞬时水分利用效率提高了31.18%,光能利用效率提高了19.85%;W3F1处理较W1F0处理无芒雀麦的干草产量提升了28.31%,W3F1和W2F2处理的粗蛋白含量较W1F0处理分别提高了24.32%和29.50%(P<0.05);W3F1处理的土壤速效磷和碱解氮含量较W1F0处理分别提高了13.79%和131.27%。水肥调控对无芒雀麦的光合特性、饲草生产性能及土壤养分均有明显的改善效果。以W3F1处理综合表现最优,即灌溉量为6800 m3·hm-2和施N量为120 kg·hm-2、施P2O5量为100 kg·hm-2时,无芒雀麦具有较高的光合特性及生产性能。
孙静, 孙延亮, 夏东杰, 魏孔钦, 杨开鑫, 隋晓青, 张前兵. 氮磷水肥耦合对无芒雀麦光合特性、生产性能及土壤养分的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2026, 35(7): 105-116.
Jing SUN, Yan-liang SUN, Dong-jie XIA, Kong-qin WEI, Kai-xin YANG, Xiao-qing SUI, Qian-bing ZHANG. Effects of nitrogen-phosphorus and water coupling on soil nutrients and the photosynthetic characteristics and production performance of Bromus inermis[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2026, 35(7): 105-116.
处理 Treatment | 净光合速率 Net photosynthetic rate (Pn, μmol CO2·m-2·s-1) | 蒸腾速率 Transpiration rate (Tr, mmol H2O·m-2·s-1) | 光能利用效率 Light use efficiency (LUE, mmol·mol-1) | 叶片瞬时水分利用效率 Leaf instantaneous water use efficiency (WUEi, μmol·mmol-1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| W1F0 | 17.06±0.51Bb | 6.50±0.44Aa | 0.0131±0.0005Bb | 2.63±0.11Aa |
| W2F0 | 18.68±0.37Ba | 6.42±0.75Aa | 0.0144±0.0005Ba | 2.93±0.28Aa |
| W3F0 | 19.30±0.32Ba | 6.42±0.95Aa | 0.0149±0.0002Ba | 3.06±0.52Aa |
| W1F1 | 18.28±0.42Ab | 6.26±0.57Aa | 0.0141±0.0005Ab | 2.93±0.21Aa |
| W2F1 | 20.36±0.41Aa | 6.30±0.39Aa | 0.0156±0.0004Aa | 3.24±0.21Aa |
| W3F1 | 20.68±0.09Aa | 6.07±0.81Aa | 0.0157±0.0001Aa | 3.45±0.42Aa |
| W1F2 | 18.03±0.50Ab | 6.65±0.73Aa | 0.0140±0.0005Ab | 2.74±0.37Ab |
| W2F2 | 20.21±0.43Aa | 5.94±0.61Aa | 0.0155±0.0003Aa | 3.43±0.34Aa |
| W3F2 | 20.44±0.18Aa | 6.03±0.23Aa | 0.0157±0.0002Aa | 3.39±0.10Aa |
| W | <0.001 | 0.563 | <0.001 | 0.005 |
| F | <0.001 | 0.638 | <0.001 | 0.063 |
| W×F | 0.726 | 0.839 | 0.946 | 0.807 |
表1 不同水肥处理下无芒雀麦光合性能
Table 1 Photosynthetic performance of B. inermis under different water and fertilizer treatments
处理 Treatment | 净光合速率 Net photosynthetic rate (Pn, μmol CO2·m-2·s-1) | 蒸腾速率 Transpiration rate (Tr, mmol H2O·m-2·s-1) | 光能利用效率 Light use efficiency (LUE, mmol·mol-1) | 叶片瞬时水分利用效率 Leaf instantaneous water use efficiency (WUEi, μmol·mmol-1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| W1F0 | 17.06±0.51Bb | 6.50±0.44Aa | 0.0131±0.0005Bb | 2.63±0.11Aa |
| W2F0 | 18.68±0.37Ba | 6.42±0.75Aa | 0.0144±0.0005Ba | 2.93±0.28Aa |
| W3F0 | 19.30±0.32Ba | 6.42±0.95Aa | 0.0149±0.0002Ba | 3.06±0.52Aa |
| W1F1 | 18.28±0.42Ab | 6.26±0.57Aa | 0.0141±0.0005Ab | 2.93±0.21Aa |
| W2F1 | 20.36±0.41Aa | 6.30±0.39Aa | 0.0156±0.0004Aa | 3.24±0.21Aa |
| W3F1 | 20.68±0.09Aa | 6.07±0.81Aa | 0.0157±0.0001Aa | 3.45±0.42Aa |
| W1F2 | 18.03±0.50Ab | 6.65±0.73Aa | 0.0140±0.0005Ab | 2.74±0.37Ab |
| W2F2 | 20.21±0.43Aa | 5.94±0.61Aa | 0.0155±0.0003Aa | 3.43±0.34Aa |
| W3F2 | 20.44±0.18Aa | 6.03±0.23Aa | 0.0157±0.0002Aa | 3.39±0.10Aa |
| W | <0.001 | 0.563 | <0.001 | 0.005 |
| F | <0.001 | 0.638 | <0.001 | 0.063 |
| W×F | 0.726 | 0.839 | 0.946 | 0.807 |
处理 Treatment | 叶绿素a Chlorophyll a (Chla) | 叶绿素b Chlorophyll b (Chlb) | 类胡萝卜素 Carotenoids (Car) | 总叶绿素 Total chlorophyll (TChl) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| W1F0 | 0.931±0.059Aa | 0.827±0.072Aa | 0.503±0.042Aa | 1.758±0.108Aa |
| W2F0 | 0.955±0.099Ba | 0.833±0.083Ba | 0.540±0.047Aa | 1.788±0.166Ca |
| W3F0 | 1.026±0.030Ba | 0.856±0.041Ba | 0.491±0.091Aa | 1.882±0.071Ba |
| W1F1 | 0.947±0.004Ab | 0.811±0.070Ab | 0.508±0.068Aa | 1.758±0.071Ab |
| W2F1 | 1.142±0.053Aa | 1.034±0.056Aa | 0.507±0.076Aa | 2.176±0.108Aa |
| W3F1 | 1.088±0.079ABa | 0.940±0.023Ba | 0.536±0.060Aa | 2.029±0.080Ba |
| W1F2 | 0.947±0.025Ab | 0.852±0.062Ab | 0.444±0.046Aa | 1.798±0.059Ac |
| W2F2 | 1.088±0.030Aa | 0.911±0.059Bb | 0.528±0.029Aa | 1.999±0.084Bb |
| W3F2 | 1.173±0.029Aa | 1.090±0.060Aa | 0.500±0.094Aa | 2.263±0.075Aa |
| W | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.460 | <0.001 |
| F | <0.001 | 0.004 | 0.692 | <0.001 |
| W×F | 0.043 | 0.006 | 0.731 | 0.005 |
表2 不同水肥处理下无芒雀麦光合色素
Table 2 Photosynthetic pigments of B. inermis under different water and fertilizer treatments (mg·g-1)
处理 Treatment | 叶绿素a Chlorophyll a (Chla) | 叶绿素b Chlorophyll b (Chlb) | 类胡萝卜素 Carotenoids (Car) | 总叶绿素 Total chlorophyll (TChl) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| W1F0 | 0.931±0.059Aa | 0.827±0.072Aa | 0.503±0.042Aa | 1.758±0.108Aa |
| W2F0 | 0.955±0.099Ba | 0.833±0.083Ba | 0.540±0.047Aa | 1.788±0.166Ca |
| W3F0 | 1.026±0.030Ba | 0.856±0.041Ba | 0.491±0.091Aa | 1.882±0.071Ba |
| W1F1 | 0.947±0.004Ab | 0.811±0.070Ab | 0.508±0.068Aa | 1.758±0.071Ab |
| W2F1 | 1.142±0.053Aa | 1.034±0.056Aa | 0.507±0.076Aa | 2.176±0.108Aa |
| W3F1 | 1.088±0.079ABa | 0.940±0.023Ba | 0.536±0.060Aa | 2.029±0.080Ba |
| W1F2 | 0.947±0.025Ab | 0.852±0.062Ab | 0.444±0.046Aa | 1.798±0.059Ac |
| W2F2 | 1.088±0.030Aa | 0.911±0.059Bb | 0.528±0.029Aa | 1.999±0.084Bb |
| W3F2 | 1.173±0.029Aa | 1.090±0.060Aa | 0.500±0.094Aa | 2.263±0.075Aa |
| W | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.460 | <0.001 |
| F | <0.001 | 0.004 | 0.692 | <0.001 |
| W×F | 0.043 | 0.006 | 0.731 | 0.005 |
图1 不同水肥处理下无芒雀麦的干草产量不同大写字母表示相同灌溉量处理下,不同施肥处理之间差异显著(P<0.05);不同小写字母表示相同施肥处理下,不同灌溉量处理之间差异显著(P<0.05)。Different capital letters indicate that under the same water treatment, there is a significant difference among different fertilization treatments (P<0.05); Different lowercase letters indicate that under the same fertilization treatment, there was a significant difference among different water treatments (P<0.05). *: P<0.05; **: P<0.01. 下同The same below.
Fig.1 Hay yield of B. inermis under different water and fertilizer treatments
处理 Treatment | 粗蛋白 Crude protein (CP) | 酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber (ADF) | 中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) | 相对饲喂价值 Relative feeding value (RFV) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| W1F0 | 11.39±0.09Bc | 32.15±1.91Aa | 51.14±1.22Aa | 131.04±1.93Aa |
| W2F0 | 12.09±0.38Cb | 30.87±0.64Aa | 51.49±0.71Aa | 113.26±2.83Bb |
| W3F0 | 13.32±0.19Ba | 27.67±0.33Bb | 50.38±0.29Aa | 120.42±2.89Bb |
| W1F1 | 12.64±0.09Ab | 31.27±0.13Aa | 51.18±1.38Aa | 115.82±1.71Bab |
| W2F1 | 13.96±0.42Ba | 27.86±0.26Bc | 48.60±0.50Bb | 110.63±7.64Bb |
| W3F1 | 14.16±0.04Aa | 29.54±0.40Ab | 49.56±1.22Aab | 120.84±5.98Ba |
| W1F2 | 12.99±0.33Ac | 30.60±1.00Aa | 51.50±0.89Aa | 83.49±0.50Cc |
| W2F2 | 14.75±0.28Ab | 26.72±0.83Bb | 50.59±0.09Aa | 129.17±2.45Ab |
| W3F2 | 13.80±0.63ABa | 27.50±0.76Bb | 50.68±1.22Aa | 143.93±6.11Aa |
| W | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.021 | 0.045 |
| F | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.032 | <0.001 |
| W×F | <0.001 | 0.002 | 0.327 | <0.001 |
表3 不同水肥处理下无芒雀麦的营养品质
Table 3 Nutritional quality of B. inermis under different water and fertilizer treatments (%)
处理 Treatment | 粗蛋白 Crude protein (CP) | 酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber (ADF) | 中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) | 相对饲喂价值 Relative feeding value (RFV) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| W1F0 | 11.39±0.09Bc | 32.15±1.91Aa | 51.14±1.22Aa | 131.04±1.93Aa |
| W2F0 | 12.09±0.38Cb | 30.87±0.64Aa | 51.49±0.71Aa | 113.26±2.83Bb |
| W3F0 | 13.32±0.19Ba | 27.67±0.33Bb | 50.38±0.29Aa | 120.42±2.89Bb |
| W1F1 | 12.64±0.09Ab | 31.27±0.13Aa | 51.18±1.38Aa | 115.82±1.71Bab |
| W2F1 | 13.96±0.42Ba | 27.86±0.26Bc | 48.60±0.50Bb | 110.63±7.64Bb |
| W3F1 | 14.16±0.04Aa | 29.54±0.40Ab | 49.56±1.22Aab | 120.84±5.98Ba |
| W1F2 | 12.99±0.33Ac | 30.60±1.00Aa | 51.50±0.89Aa | 83.49±0.50Cc |
| W2F2 | 14.75±0.28Ab | 26.72±0.83Bb | 50.59±0.09Aa | 129.17±2.45Ab |
| W3F2 | 13.80±0.63ABa | 27.50±0.76Bb | 50.68±1.22Aa | 143.93±6.11Aa |
| W | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.021 | 0.045 |
| F | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.032 | <0.001 |
| W×F | <0.001 | 0.002 | 0.327 | <0.001 |
处理 Treatment | pH | 有机质 Organic matter (OM, g·kg-1) | 全磷 Total phosphorus (TP, g·kg-1) | 速效磷 Available phosphorus (AP, mg·kg-1) | 全氮 Total nitrogen (TN, g·kg-1) | 碱解氮 Alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen (AN, mg·kg-1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| W1F0 | 7.74±0.08Aa | 14.39±0.71Bb | 1.43±0.10Ba | 12.33±0.32Ca | 2.17±0.11Ba | 20.85±3.12Cb |
| W2F0 | 7.79±0.03Aa | 15.68±0.34Aab | 1.30±0.01Ba | 12.68±0.47Ca | 2.13±0.01Aa | 30.16±2.33Ba |
| W3F0 | 7.77±0.04Aa | 17.75±0.90Ba | 1.28±0.10Ca | 12.53±0.08Ca | 2.13±0.01Ba | 27.98±1.09Ca |
| W1F1 | 7.78±0.04Aa | 16.84±0.19Ab | 1.63±0.01Aa | 13.44±0.42Bb | 2.27±0.03ABa | 30.49±0.79Bc |
| W2F1 | 7.78±0.05Aa | 16.43±0.63Ab | 1.51±0.06Aa | 13.69±0.14Bab | 2.21±0.01Aa | 40.97±2.13Ab |
| W3F1 | 7.75±0.03Aa | 21.38±1.20Aa | 1.52±0.17Ba | 14.03±0.27Ba | 2.24±0.01ABa | 48.22±2.74Ba |
| W1F2 | 7.77±0.03Aa | 15.64±0.11ABb | 1.79±0.09Aa | 14.05±0.34Ab | 2.33±0.06Aa | 39.00±2.87Ab |
| W2F2 | 7.76±0.02Aa | 17.52±0.42Ab | 1.67±0.17Aa | 14.52±0.51Aab | 2.24±0.10Aa | 44.25±2.92Ab |
| W3F2 | 7.76±0.03Aa | 20.43±0.33Aa | 1.72±0.04Aa | 14.68±0.06Aa | 2.31±0.13Aa | 57.18±6.78Aa |
| W | 0.960 | 0.057 | 0.038 | 0.012 | 0.198 | <0.001 |
| F | 0.660 | 0.008 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.002 | <0.001 |
| W×F | 0.673 | 0.190 | 0.959 | 0.590 | 0.968 | 0.009 |
表4 不同水肥处理下无芒雀麦的土壤养分含量
Table 4 Soil nutrients of B. inermis under different water and fertilizer treatments
处理 Treatment | pH | 有机质 Organic matter (OM, g·kg-1) | 全磷 Total phosphorus (TP, g·kg-1) | 速效磷 Available phosphorus (AP, mg·kg-1) | 全氮 Total nitrogen (TN, g·kg-1) | 碱解氮 Alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen (AN, mg·kg-1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| W1F0 | 7.74±0.08Aa | 14.39±0.71Bb | 1.43±0.10Ba | 12.33±0.32Ca | 2.17±0.11Ba | 20.85±3.12Cb |
| W2F0 | 7.79±0.03Aa | 15.68±0.34Aab | 1.30±0.01Ba | 12.68±0.47Ca | 2.13±0.01Aa | 30.16±2.33Ba |
| W3F0 | 7.77±0.04Aa | 17.75±0.90Ba | 1.28±0.10Ca | 12.53±0.08Ca | 2.13±0.01Ba | 27.98±1.09Ca |
| W1F1 | 7.78±0.04Aa | 16.84±0.19Ab | 1.63±0.01Aa | 13.44±0.42Bb | 2.27±0.03ABa | 30.49±0.79Bc |
| W2F1 | 7.78±0.05Aa | 16.43±0.63Ab | 1.51±0.06Aa | 13.69±0.14Bab | 2.21±0.01Aa | 40.97±2.13Ab |
| W3F1 | 7.75±0.03Aa | 21.38±1.20Aa | 1.52±0.17Ba | 14.03±0.27Ba | 2.24±0.01ABa | 48.22±2.74Ba |
| W1F2 | 7.77±0.03Aa | 15.64±0.11ABb | 1.79±0.09Aa | 14.05±0.34Ab | 2.33±0.06Aa | 39.00±2.87Ab |
| W2F2 | 7.76±0.02Aa | 17.52±0.42Ab | 1.67±0.17Aa | 14.52±0.51Aab | 2.24±0.10Aa | 44.25±2.92Ab |
| W3F2 | 7.76±0.03Aa | 20.43±0.33Aa | 1.72±0.04Aa | 14.68±0.06Aa | 2.31±0.13Aa | 57.18±6.78Aa |
| W | 0.960 | 0.057 | 0.038 | 0.012 | 0.198 | <0.001 |
| F | 0.660 | 0.008 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.002 | <0.001 |
| W×F | 0.673 | 0.190 | 0.959 | 0.590 | 0.968 | 0.009 |
图4 无芒雀麦光合特性、生产性能及土壤养分含量的相关性热图*: P<0.05.
Fig.4 Correlation heat map of photosynthetic characteristics, production performance and soil nutrients of B. inermis
处理 Treatment | 第1主成分得分 First principal component score (PC1) | 第2主成分得分 Second principal component score (PC2) | 综合评价结果 Comprehensive evaluation result | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 得分Score | 排序Rank | 得分Score | 排序Rank | 综合得分Composite score | 排序Rank | |
| W1F0 | -1.466 | 9 | 0.111 | 5 | -1.292 | 9 |
| W2F0 | -0.587 | 6 | 1.244 | 1 | -0.384 | 6 |
| W3F0 | 0.019 | 5 | -0.496 | 6 | -0.038 | 5 |
| W1F1 | -0.857 | 7 | 0.658 | 3 | -0.690 | 7 |
| W2F1 | 0.929 | 3 | -1.033 | 8 | 0.712 | 4 |
| W3F1 | 1.010 | 2 | 1.188 | 2 | 1.030 | 1 |
| W1F2 | -0.988 | 8 | -1.533 | 9 | -1.049 | 8 |
| W2F2 | 0.855 | 4 | 0.612 | 4 | 0.828 | 3 |
| W3F2 | 1.086 | 1 | -0.749 | 7 | 0.882 | 2 |
表5 不同水肥处理下无芒雀麦的综合评价结果
Table 5 Comprehensive evaluation results of B. inermis under different water and fertilizer treatments
处理 Treatment | 第1主成分得分 First principal component score (PC1) | 第2主成分得分 Second principal component score (PC2) | 综合评价结果 Comprehensive evaluation result | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 得分Score | 排序Rank | 得分Score | 排序Rank | 综合得分Composite score | 排序Rank | |
| W1F0 | -1.466 | 9 | 0.111 | 5 | -1.292 | 9 |
| W2F0 | -0.587 | 6 | 1.244 | 1 | -0.384 | 6 |
| W3F0 | 0.019 | 5 | -0.496 | 6 | -0.038 | 5 |
| W1F1 | -0.857 | 7 | 0.658 | 3 | -0.690 | 7 |
| W2F1 | 0.929 | 3 | -1.033 | 8 | 0.712 | 4 |
| W3F1 | 1.010 | 2 | 1.188 | 2 | 1.030 | 1 |
| W1F2 | -0.988 | 8 | -1.533 | 9 | -1.049 | 8 |
| W2F2 | 0.855 | 4 | 0.612 | 4 | 0.828 | 3 |
| W3F2 | 1.086 | 1 | -0.749 | 7 | 0.882 | 2 |
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