氮磷添加对藏北人工牧草生产性能和品质的评价

doi:10.11686/cyxb2020202

草业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (5): 52-64.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020202

氮磷添加对藏北人工牧草生产性能和品质的评价

彭艳¹^,³(), 孙晶远², 马素洁³, 王向涛³, 孙磊³(), 魏学红³()

^1.华中师范大学生命科学学院，湖北武汉 430079
^2.西藏农牧学院资源与环境学院，西藏林芝 860000
^3.西藏农牧学院动物科学学院，西藏林芝 860000

收稿日期:2020-05-11 修回日期:2020-09-08 出版日期:2021-05-20 发布日期:2021-04-16
通讯作者: 孙磊,魏学红
作者简介:weixuehong@21cn.com
E-mail: xizangsunlei@163.com
彭艳（1993-），女，云南个旧人，在读硕士。E-mail: 1046992898@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0502003);国家自然科学基金项目(31760692);班戈畜牧，西藏高原生态安全联合实验室开放基金(STX2018-12);西藏草地保护与培育科研创新团队和西藏草业科学教学团队建设资助

Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus addition on production performance and nutritive value of pasture species in Northern Tibet

Yan PENG¹^,³(), Jing-yuan SUN², Su-jie MA³, Xiang-tao WANG³, Lei SUN³(), Xue-hong WEI³()

^1.College of Life Science，Huazhong Normal University，Wuhan 430079，China
^2.Resources & Environment College，Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University，Nyingchi 860000，China
^3.Animal Science College，Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University，Nyingchi 860000，China

Received:2020-05-11 Revised:2020-09-08 Online:2021-05-20 Published:2021-04-16
Contact: Lei SUN,Xue-hong WEI

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用田间实验，随机区组设计，选用禾本科牧草绿麦、燕麦，豆科牧草箭筈豌豆、藏豌豆为试验材料，设置不施肥（CK）、尿素75 kg·hm^-2（N）、磷酸二铵375 kg·hm^-2（NP）、有机肥22500 kg·hm^-2（OM），尿素75 kg·hm^-2+磷酸二铵375 kg·hm^-2+有机肥22500 kg·hm^-2（NPOM）5种处理，应用相关分析和4种评价模型对藏北人工牧草的生产性能和营养品质进行关联性分析和综合评价。结果表明：1）与未施肥（CK）相比，氮磷添加均提高了牧草的生产性能和营养价值，使牧草的主要物候期提前1~12 d。2）简单相关和偏相关分析表明对藏北人工草地的产量影响最大的是株高和出苗率，其次也应关注牧草的茎叶比、分蘖/枝数和盖度。3）主成分分析法、隶属函数分析法、灰色关联分析法、相似优先比法综合评价表明以NPOM处理的绿麦与藏豌豆，NP处理的燕麦、绿麦与藏豌豆，NP和NPOM处理的人工牧草综合评价最佳。因此，藏北人工草地建设过程中应适当地提高株高及出苗率，选用绿麦与藏豌豆混播进行NP、NPOM处理对提高草地生产性能，改善牧草品质效果最好，适宜在藏北地区大面积种植。

关键词: 藏北, 人工牧草, 氮磷添加, 相关分析, 综合评价

Abstract:

The development of snow pastures is an effective means to relieve rangeland degradation and improve grassland productivity. Rational fertilization is a key measure for ensuring the sustainable development of degraded alpine meadows. Therefore， we conducted field experiments and laboratory analyses to evaluate the effects of different fertilization treatments on the main agronomic traits， nutritional value， and total outputs of cultivated pasture species. This study was conducted at Namache， in the North Tibetan Autonomous Region of Naqu Prefecture. We focused on the effects of the nitrogen（N） and phosphorus（P） fertilizers on the production performance and nutritive value of pasture species to for provide a theoretical basis for the establishment of artificial grassland. The experiment had an orthogonal design with three factors （plant variety， fertilization and mixture of plant varieties）. The four pasture species were Secal cereale， Avena sativa， Vicia sativa and Vicia tibetica， five fertilization treatments were no fertilizer （CK）； 75 kg·ha^-1 urea （N）；375 kg·ha^-1 NH₄H₂PO₄（P）； 22500 kg·ha^-1 organic manure （OM） and 75 kg·ha^-1 urea+375 kg·ha^-1 NH₄H₂PO₄+22500 kg·ha^-1 organic manure （NPOM）. Data for the sown pastures were evaluated by grey associative analysis， membership function analysis， and similar priority ratio analysis， principal component analysis. The four models and their evaluation results were subjected to a weighted analysis. We analyzed 16 main traits： plant height， growth rate， fresh-dry weight ratio， stem-leaf ratio， number of tillers/branches， sowing rate， stem diameter， total vegetation cover， crude protein content， crude fat content， crude fiber content， ash content， water content， non-nitrogenous components content， calcium content， phosphorus content and dry yield on sown pasture to explore the effects of main traits on dry yield. Then， we used simple correlation analysis and partial correlation analysis to determine which traits were most closely related to dry yield. The results showed that： 1） Compared with CK， the N， P， OM and NPOM fertilization treatments significantly affected the production performance and nutritive value of pasture species. In general， N and P addition advanced the phenological development of pasture species by 1 to 12 days. 2） Plant height， sowing rate， stem-leaf ratio， number of tillers/branches， total vegetation cover and yield showed positive partial correlations with dry yield. 3）The highest dry weight of pasture species was under the N and NPOM treatments. The optimal fertilization schemes were NP and NPOM. The top four pasture species/fertilization combinations were ranked， from highest productivity to lowest， S. cereale +V. tibetica （NOPM）>A. sativa （NP）>S. cereale +V. tibetica （NP）>A. sativa+V. sativa （NOPM）. Therefore， at an appropriate planting density， these pasture species are suitable for the development of high-yielding artificial grassland in Northern Tibet. The results indicated excellent performance of A.sativa+ V. tibeticaunder NPOM and S. cereale +V. tibetica NP， the multivariate evaluation indicated that their yield was stable and that they are suitable for wide utilization in Tibet.

Key words: Northern Tibet, sown pasture, nitrogen and phosphorus addition, correlation analysis, comprehensive evaluation

彭艳, 孙晶远, 马素洁, 王向涛, 孙磊, 魏学红. 氮磷添加对藏北人工牧草生产性能和品质的评价[J]. 草业学报, 2021, 30(5): 52-64.

Yan PENG, Jing-yuan SUN, Su-jie MA, Xiang-tao WANG, Lei SUN, Xue-hong WEI. Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus addition on production performance and nutritive value of pasture species in Northern Tibet[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(5): 52-64.

图/表 6

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播种处理 Sowing treatment	播种组合 Sowing	千粒重 Thousand-grain weight (g)	编号 Number	播种量 Sowing rate (kg·hm^-2)
单播Single cropping	绿麦Secale	30.54±0.97	D_L	300
	燕麦A. sativa	35.03±0.32	D_Y	300
	箭筈豌豆V. sativa	41.39±0.85	D_J	105
	藏豌豆V.tibetica	47.48±0.46	D_Z	225
混播Mixture cropping	绿麦+箭筈豌豆Secale+V. sativa	-	H_(L+J)	150+52.5
	绿麦+藏豌豆Secale+V.tibetica	-	H_(L+Z)	150+112.5
	燕麦+箭筈豌豆A.sativa+V. sativa	-	H_(Y+J)	150+52.5
	燕麦+藏豌豆A.sativa+V.tibetica	-	H_(Y+Z)	150+112.5

播种处理 Sowing treatment	播种组合 Sowing	千粒重 Thousand-grain weight (g)	编号 Number	播种量 Sowing rate (kg·hm^-2)
单播Single cropping	绿麦Secale	30.54±0.97	D_L	300
	燕麦A. sativa	35.03±0.32	D_Y	300
	箭筈豌豆V. sativa	41.39±0.85	D_J	105
	藏豌豆V.tibetica	47.48±0.46	D_Z	225
混播Mixture cropping	绿麦+箭筈豌豆Secale+V. sativa	-	H_(L+J)	150+52.5
	绿麦+藏豌豆Secale+V.tibetica	-	H_(L+Z)	150+112.5
	燕麦+箭筈豌豆A.sativa+V. sativa	-	H_(Y+J)	150+52.5
	燕麦+藏豌豆A.sativa+V.tibetica	-	H_(Y+Z)	150+112.5

播种 Sowing	处理 Treatment	物候期Phenology (月-日 Month-day)							生育期Growth period （d）
播种 Sowing	处理 Treatment	出苗期Seeding	分蘖/枝期Tillering or branching	拔节/抽茎期Jointing or sampling	抽穗/现蕾期Budding or heading	开花期 Florescence	蜡熟/结荚期 Ripening or podding	成熟期Mature	生育期Growth period （d）
D_L	CK	6-20	7-5	8-5	9-6	9-14	9-17	9-27	100
	N	6-17	7-3	8-4	9-4	9-13	9-15	9-23	99
	NP	6-16	7-1	7-27	8-30	9-5	9-9	9-15	92
	OM	6-14	6-30	8-3	9-3	9-10	9-13	9-20	99
	NPOM	6-15	7-2	8-1	9-1	9-6	9-10	9-16	94
D_Y	CK	6-22	7-5	8-5	9-8	9-17	9-23	9-30	101
	N	6-20	7-4	8-4	9-7	9-15	9-22	9-27	100
	NP	6-18	7-2	7-26	8-31	9-7	9-16	9-22	97
	OM	6-15	6-29	8-1	9-5	9-13	9-20	9-22	100
	NPOM	6-19	7-3	7-28	9-1	9-9	9-18	9-24	98
D_J	CK	6-22	7-9	8-10	9-12	9-19	-	-	-
	N	6-20	7-7	8-8	9-11	9-18	-	-	-
	NP	6-18	7-5	8-3	9-7	9-15	-	-	-
	OM	6-15	7-1	8-6	9-10	9-17	-	-	-
	NPOM	6-19	7-5	8-5	9-9	9-17	-	-	-
D_Z	CK	6-23	7-7	8-8	9-8	9-17	-	-	-
	N	6-21	7-6	8-6	9-7	9-15	-	-	-
	NP	6-20	7-3	8-5	9-4	9-12	-	-	-
	OM	6-16	7-4	8-4	9-5	9-14	-	-	-
	NPOM	6-18	7-4	8-5	9-4	9-13	-	-	-
H_(L+J)	CK	6-21	7-8	8-4	9-4	9-12	9-19	9-29	101
	N	6-20	7-6	8-3	9-3	9-11	9-17	9-27	100
	NP	6-17	7-3	7-29	9-1	9-6	9-14	9-23	99
	OM	6-15	7-4	8-1	8-30	9-7	9-16	9-26	104
	NPOM	6-18	7-3	7-30	9-1	9-7	9-15	9-25	100
H_(L+Z)	CK	6-20	7-6	8-6	9-10	9-18	9-25	10-1	104
	N	6-19	7-4	8-4	9-8	9-17	9-24	9-30	104
	NP	6-17	7-1	8-1	9-4	9-12	9-22	9-29	105
	OM	6-14	7-3	8-3	9-7	9-15	9-23	9-30	109
	NPOM	6-17	7-2	8-1	9-5	9-14	9-23	9-29	105
H_(Y+J)	CK	6-21	7-8	8-4	9-8	9-16	9-20	9-29	101
	N	6-20	7-6	8-3	9-7	9-15	9-19	9-27	100
	NP	6-17	7-5	7-28	9-5	9-11	9-17	9-23	99
	OM	6-15	7-6	8-1	9-6	9-13	9-17	9-26	104
	NPOM	6-17	7-5	7-29	9-5	9-12	9-17	9-24	100
H_(Y+Z)	CK	6-20	7-10	8-4	9-9	9-17	9-22	9-30	103
	N	6-19	7-7	8-2	9-8	9-16	9-21	9-28	102
	NP	6-18	7-6	7-27	9-6	9-12	9-17	9-25	100
	OM	6-15	7-6	7-30	9-7	9-15	9-20	9-27	105
	NPOM	6-17	7-6	7-29	9-7	9-13	9-18	9-25	101

播种 Sowing	处理 Treatment	物候期Phenology (月-日 Month-day)							生育期Growth period （d）
播种 Sowing	处理 Treatment	出苗期Seeding	分蘖/枝期Tillering or branching	拔节/抽茎期Jointing or sampling	抽穗/现蕾期Budding or heading	开花期 Florescence	蜡熟/结荚期 Ripening or podding	成熟期Mature	生育期Growth period （d）
D_L	CK	6-20	7-5	8-5	9-6	9-14	9-17	9-27	100
	N	6-17	7-3	8-4	9-4	9-13	9-15	9-23	99
	NP	6-16	7-1	7-27	8-30	9-5	9-9	9-15	92
	OM	6-14	6-30	8-3	9-3	9-10	9-13	9-20	99
	NPOM	6-15	7-2	8-1	9-1	9-6	9-10	9-16	94
D_Y	CK	6-22	7-5	8-5	9-8	9-17	9-23	9-30	101
	N	6-20	7-4	8-4	9-7	9-15	9-22	9-27	100
	NP	6-18	7-2	7-26	8-31	9-7	9-16	9-22	97
	OM	6-15	6-29	8-1	9-5	9-13	9-20	9-22	100
	NPOM	6-19	7-3	7-28	9-1	9-9	9-18	9-24	98
D_J	CK	6-22	7-9	8-10	9-12	9-19	-	-	-
	N	6-20	7-7	8-8	9-11	9-18	-	-	-
	NP	6-18	7-5	8-3	9-7	9-15	-	-	-
	OM	6-15	7-1	8-6	9-10	9-17	-	-	-
	NPOM	6-19	7-5	8-5	9-9	9-17	-	-	-
D_Z	CK	6-23	7-7	8-8	9-8	9-17	-	-	-
	N	6-21	7-6	8-6	9-7	9-15	-	-	-
	NP	6-20	7-3	8-5	9-4	9-12	-	-	-
	OM	6-16	7-4	8-4	9-5	9-14	-	-	-
	NPOM	6-18	7-4	8-5	9-4	9-13	-	-	-
H_(L+J)	CK	6-21	7-8	8-4	9-4	9-12	9-19	9-29	101
	N	6-20	7-6	8-3	9-3	9-11	9-17	9-27	100
	NP	6-17	7-3	7-29	9-1	9-6	9-14	9-23	99
	OM	6-15	7-4	8-1	8-30	9-7	9-16	9-26	104
	NPOM	6-18	7-3	7-30	9-1	9-7	9-15	9-25	100
H_(L+Z)	CK	6-20	7-6	8-6	9-10	9-18	9-25	10-1	104
	N	6-19	7-4	8-4	9-8	9-17	9-24	9-30	104
	NP	6-17	7-1	8-1	9-4	9-12	9-22	9-29	105
	OM	6-14	7-3	8-3	9-7	9-15	9-23	9-30	109
	NPOM	6-17	7-2	8-1	9-5	9-14	9-23	9-29	105
H_(Y+J)	CK	6-21	7-8	8-4	9-8	9-16	9-20	9-29	101
	N	6-20	7-6	8-3	9-7	9-15	9-19	9-27	100
	NP	6-17	7-5	7-28	9-5	9-11	9-17	9-23	99
	OM	6-15	7-6	8-1	9-6	9-13	9-17	9-26	104
	NPOM	6-17	7-5	7-29	9-5	9-12	9-17	9-24	100
H_(Y+Z)	CK	6-20	7-10	8-4	9-9	9-17	9-22	9-30	103
	N	6-19	7-7	8-2	9-8	9-16	9-21	9-28	102
	NP	6-18	7-6	7-27	9-6	9-12	9-17	9-25	100
	OM	6-15	7-6	7-30	9-7	9-15	9-20	9-27	105
	NPOM	6-17	7-6	7-29	9-7	9-13	9-18	9-25	101

播种Sowing	处理 Treatment	株高 Height （cm）	生长速率Growth rate （cm·d^-1）	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)	鲜干比 Fresh dry weight ratio	茎叶比 Stem leaf ratio	分蘖/枝数 Tiller/branch number	出苗率 Seeding rate （%）	茎粗 Stem diameter （cm）	盖度 Total cover （%）
D_L	CK	36.37±3.78E	0.55±0.22a	6244.90±1556.08B	1.47±0.07C	1.24±0.01A	3.00±1.15b	34.88±5.31b	0.93±0.16B	81.67±2.89b
	N	43.94±3.92D	0.68±0.16a	8115.47±736.81A	1.53±0.10C	0.64±0.05B	3.40±1.14b	33.80±6.55b	1.63±0.20A	84.33±1.15a
	NP	79.90±6.13A	1.30±0.24a	12009.66±971.34A	2.07±0.03A	0.34±0.04C	4.80±0.45a	44.25±3.27a	1.55±0.29A	88.67±3.51a
	OM	45.68±4.71CD	0.71±0.16a	10400.37±628.54A	1.79±0.04B	0.53±0.14B	4.20±1.79b	32.85±2.09b	0.80±0.10B	84.33±4.04a
	NPOM	62.56±4.46B	1.02±0.14a	10981.48±1450.43A	1.98±0.03A	0.39±0.05C	4.40±1.52b	42.89±6.99a	1.66±0.21A	87.67±5.51a
D_Y	CK	49.20±5.33E	0.66±0.25a	9810.19±1639.45B	1.44±0.27b	1.40±0.59a	3.50±1.91C	35.96±4.74C	1.70±0.14A	90.00±2.65b
	N	57.37±5.45D	0.80±0.19a	13107.66±2606.18B	1.61±0.25ab	1.35±0.40ab	4.00±0.82C	38.92±2.12C	1.73±0.17A	91.33±3.21ab
	NP	81.01±8.29A	1.14±0.22a	18901.12±2517.49A	2.09±0.12a	0.65±0.03b	10.57±0.96A	58.33±4.15A	1.87±0.15A	95.00±3.00a
	OM	63.10±3.47C	0.90±0.18a	17557.47±2880.45A	1.74±0.06ab	1.28±0.06ab	4.50±1.29C	44.53±3.44B	1.20±0.16B	93.33±1.53ab
	NPOM	65.07±2.28B	0.91±0.22a	17728.64±2087.13A	1.99±0.20a	1.06±0.53ab	7.75±3.30B	49.20±3.89B	1.90±0.26A	94.67±2.52ab
D_J	CK	4.17±0.56C	0.04±0.03b	3246.30±694.70b	1.80±0.12b	1.29±0.06A	3.60±0.89B	25.80±8.11B	0.50±0.10AB	4.67±1.15B
	N	4.56±0.55C	0.03±0.01b	3359.65±646.93b	1.90±0.08b	0.87±0.03B	4.20±1.10B	32.12±8.70B	0.40±0.10B	5.00±2.00B
	NP	8.32±1.05A	0.07±0.03a	5035.76±1031.56a	2.17±0.15a	0.67±0.03C	6.20±0.84A	49.49±4.83A	0.50±0.10AB	21.67±5.77A
	OM	4.86±0.30BC	0.03±0.01b	4069.37±653.19ab	1.97±0.06ab	0.73±0.02C	4.40±1.52B	36.86±12.67AB	0.15±0.05C	11.67±2.89AB
	NPOM	5.23±0.60B	0.04±0.01b	4399.04±339.10ab	2.08±0.06a	0.70±0.02C	5.20±1.30A	40.54±6.38AB	0.60±0.10A	22.33±11.24A
D_Z	CK	43.70±2.27D	0.62±0.32a	7453.94±1264.63b	1.99±0.03C	1.40±0.71a	6.00±1.00b	38.36±4.96a	1.17±0.15C	28.33±5.77a
	N	49.54±2.96C	0.70±0.29a	8255.09±849.08b	2.13±0.20C	1.04±0.20ab	8.00±1.73ab	42.87±4.66a	1.35±0.07BC	30.00±5.00a
	NP	61.23±5.76B	0.83±0.32a	9857.59±415.03a	3.16±0.08A	0.73±0.01b	9.67±1.53ab	47.10±6.57a	1.43±0.06B	35.33±4.62a
	OM	53.34±2.92C	0.74±0.31a	8990.35±1226.46a	2.59±0.04B	0.99±0.22ab	8.33±2.52ab	43.72±5.76a	1.17±0.06C	30.00±5.00a
	NPOM	69.46±6.95A	1.02±0.68a	9405.94±1189.95a	3.03±0.23A	0.81±0.11ab	10.67±3.06a	46.54±3.88a	1.97±0.21A	34.33±6.03a
H_(L+J)	CK	8.61±0.80BC	0.09±0.07a	9452.38±1619.92c	1.40±0.08b	1.54±0.01A	4.00±0.55C	26.74±9.67B	1.10±0.20a	60.00±5.00C
	N	14.88±4.21B	0.21±0.27a	10122.70±585.24c	1.63±0.27ab	1.31±0.02A	4.20±1.30C	35.21±7.60B	1.20±0.10ab	64.67±0.58B
	NP	35.14±4.32A	0.59±0.80a	12328.31±503.35b	1.99±0.04ab	0.30±0.03B	5.30±0.93AB	55.75±8.31A	1.25±0.07ab	71.67±2.89AB
	OM	30.32±4.94A	0.51±0.81a	11714.29±1945.38bc	1.75±0.32ab	1.27±0.33A	4.55±0.80BC	52.32±4.79A	1.00±0.10b	70.00±8.66B
	NPOM	37.93±6.34A	0.62±0.84a	12896.44±1839.76a	2.06±0.08a	0.28±0.01B	6.92±0.64A	59.75±1.38A	1.40±0.10a	80.00±5.00A
H_(L+Z)	CK	40.78±4.70C	0.68±0.76a	11703.10±1025.35b	1.83±0.16b	1.69±0.25a	3.25±0.85b	37.41±7.30C	1.25±0.10a	31.00±3.61C
	N	45.77±5.37BC	0.77±0.86a	11794.07±1342.46b	1.91±0.04ab	1.53±0.20a	3.50±1.00b	39.61±7.73C	1.21±0.10a	36.67±2.89C
	NP	55.70±6.36AB	0.88±0.72a	13562.69±1968.38ab	2.18±0.25ab	1.30±0.07a	5.67±1.70ab	56.09±14.06AB	1.37±0.13a	60.00±5.00AB
	OM	48.64±9.21BC	0.78±0.70a	12118.23±1238.16ab	2.03±0.03ab	1.56±0.06a	6.42±2.50a	43.76±8.31C	1.06±0.10a	53.33±2.89B
	NPOM	67.71±11.09A	1.09±0.95a	14532.45±1640.01a	2.26±0.16a	1.22±0.02a	8.17±1.70a	62.07±5.09A	1.38±0.14a	63.33±2.89A
H_(Y+J)	CK	21.55±4.92a	0.27±0.12a	11384.79±1275.74B	1.49±0.06B	0.85±0.02a	3.83±1.00b	44.93±7.73B	1.47±0.21BC	67.67±2.52D
	N	27.48±4.20a	0.33±0.17a	12407.93±993.49B	1.72±0.01B	0.83±0.17ab	4.25±0.85ab	54.03±6.87A	1.50±0.26AB	73.33±2.89C
	NP	32.50±8.18a	0.49±0.34a	19134.59±1542.91A	2.13±0.18A	0.51±0.02bc	5.58±2.10ab	62.06±6.00A	1.67±0.15A	87.33±2.08A
	OM	27.25±5.04a	0.38±0.22a	18281.19±4206.47A	1.79±0.04B	0.52±0.02bc	5.33±2.46ab	60.01±6.65A	1.23±0.15B	81.67±2.89B
	NPOM	38.53±5.61a	0.56±0.35a	20124.42±2307.11A	2.17±0.18A	0.46±0.01c	6.33±2.58a	64.57±5.11A	1.87±0.25A	87.67±0.58A
H_(Y+Z)	CK	24.31±2.86C	0.33±0.21a	12139.92±1101.78D	1.62±0.06D	0.76±0.01a	6.83±2.60b	37.49±6.61B	1.73±0.17a	73.33±2.89C
	N	28.27±3.29B	0.37±0.14a	13046.82±1903.63D	1.78±0.03C	0.70±0.03ab	7.75±3.98b	43.67±6.80B	1.70±0.10a	76.67±2.89BC
	NP	36.76±2.80AB	0.51±0.31a	20434.44±2231.31B	2.11±0.02B	0.64±0.03ab	8.50±3.32b	59.78±7.87A	1.83±0.17a	86.67±1.53A
	OM	31.67±5.53BC	0.43±0.19a	19890.07±2840.63BC	1.88±0.03C	0.65±0.15ab	8.00±4.47b	49.30±9.80A	1.80±0.10a	80.33±0.58B
	NPOM	42.26±5.96A	0.64±0.48a	21047.83±2414.52AB	2.30±0.10A	0.61±0.02b	9.17±4.20a	67.06±9.66A	1.87±0.15a	88.00±3.00A

氮磷添加对藏北人工牧草生产性能和品质的评价

Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus addition on production performance and nutritive value of pasture species in Northern Tibet

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Metrics

播种Sowing	处理Treatment	粗蛋白 Crude protein	粗脂肪 Crude fat	粗纤维 Crude fibre	粗灰分 Crude ash	水分 Water	无氮浸出物Nonnitriogenous	Ca	P
D_L	CK	8.98±1.06E	3.98±0.53b	22.55±1.49a	7.17±0.88B	8.33±0.78b	49.00±0.63A	0.11±0.01c	0.17±0.02C
	N	15.80±0.47A	6.24±0.79a	19.55±0.41b	7.42±0.14B	8.42±0.47b	42.57±2.04B	0.16±0.05bc	0.24±0.02BC
	NP	13.68±0.62BC	4.50±1.26b	17.96±0.97b	9.25±0.42A	8.76±0.25ab	45.84±1.50A	0.19±0.05b	0.35±0.11A
	OM	10.51±0.64D	4.37±0.43b	18.31±1.79b	8.96±0.56A	8.62±0.28ab	49.23±2.08A	0.18±0.02b	0.27±0.02A
	NPOM	13.01±0.42C	5.03±1.23ab	14.77±0.97c	9.57±0.36A	9.38±0.19a	48.24±1.26A	0.26±0.02a	0.34±0.02A
D_Y	CK	6.01±1.54c	3.04±0.34B	24.23±1.41A	4.74±0.30C	7.31±0.83C	54.67±3.86A	0.13±0.02b	0.28±0.04B
	N	10.45±0.51ab	7.62±0.95A	23.13±0.74AB	5.85±0.47BC	8.35±0.66BC	44.60±0.90C	0.21±0.02ab	0.30±0.04B
	NP	9.87±0.46b	4.95±1.98B	20.36±0.75B	7.10±0.71AB	9.16±0.17AB	48.92±1.80BC	0.23±0.08a	0.42±0.03A
	OM	7.76±0.87c	4.72±0.57B	21.17±1.30B	5.95±0.75BC	8.53±0.21B	51.96±1.59AB	0.23±0.03a	0.28±0.03B
	NPOM	8.13±0.86bc	5.04±1.73B	16.43±1.25C	8.40±1.38A	9.86±0.08A	52.14±3.31AB	0.25±0.07a	0.38±0.08A
D_J	CK	10.04±2.48b	3.49±1.78C	20.16±2.26A	6.18±0.08C	7.13±0.98C	53.51±2.68a	0.54±0.06B	0.30±0.03C
	N	13.96±1.08a	5.24±1.26B	18.22±1.49A	9.37±1.95BC	7.19±0.17BC	46.01±2.72b	0.73±0.11B	0.32±0.05BC
	NP	14.68±2.78a	6.82±0.46AB	13.02±1.75BC	10.54±1.54A	9.07±0.14AB	45.87±3.66b	0.92±0.02A	0.94±0.06A
	OM	14.30±1.71a	6.24±1.18B	17.47±1.36A	10.14±1.92A	7.76±0.31B	44.08±4.49b	0.76±0.16A	0.34±0.02BC
	NPOM	15.57±1.35a	8.19±0.67A	12.61±1.01C	11.40±0.53A	9.69±0.17A	42.64±1.20b	0.93±0.04A	0.39±0.05B
D_Z	CK	12.33±2.41b	3.84±0.80b	23.12±1.03A	9.02±0.31B	3.67±1.13D	48.03±3.71a	0.35±0.04C	0.08±0.04C
	N	14.73±1.94ab	5.55±0.45a	18.42±1.64B	9.94±0.83B	5.63±0.98C	45.73±2.25ab	0.38±0.03C	0.17±0.02BC
	NP	17.27±3.31a	5.99±1.23a	16.69±0.94B	10.71±0.66AB	8.31±0.42B	41.03±4.85b	0.56±0.05B	0.27±0.09B
	OM	16.81±3.63ab	5.92±0.51a	17.14±1.94B	10.32±0.54AB	6.92±0.36C	42.89±4.42ab	0.53±0.02B	0.22±0.02B
	NPOM	18.03±0.98a	6.42±0.12a	13.96±1.91C	11.81±1.90A	9.76±0.36A	40.03±1.31b	0.58±0.07A	0.38±0.04A
H_(L+J)	CK	10.53±2.02b	4.11±0.87b	20.16±1.88A	9.95±1.05B	8.08±0.59C	47.16±4.42A	0.14±0.02C	0.21±0.03C
	N	17.57±1.24a	4.32±0.91b	18.69±1.53AB	10.46±0.51B	8.86±0.24B	40.11±1.08B	0.17±0.05B	0.22±0.03C
	NP	12.13±1.66b	5.20±1.34ab	16.94±1.42B	12.03±1.37AB	9.61±0.43A	44.09±0.93A	0.42±0.15B	0.40±0.06A
	OM	11.51±0.98b	4.69±0.92b	17.80±1.51AB	11.88±1.82AB	9.05±0.30AB	45.07±0.96A	0.36±0.07B	0.30±0.02B
	NPOM	13.54±2.43b	6.05±0.78a	12.78±1.39C	14.02±1.28A	9.72±0.08A	43.40±1.22AB	0.92±0.03AB	0.39±0.05A
H_(L+Z)	CK	12.92±1.17b	4.64±0.13b	17.72±1.73A	6.81±1.51C	5.86±0.34B	52.05±4.20A	0.28±0.08B	0.33±0.04B
	N	16.19±1.66a	6.35±0.74a	17.17±1.24A	11.26±1.30B	6.11±0.88B	42.93±0.35B	0.50±0.04A	0.35±0.03B
	NP	15.15±1.04ab	7.03±0.98a	13.38±1.42B	13.58±1.31B	7.36±1.47AB	43.04±1.60B	0.58±0.03A	0.67±0.04A
	OM	14.13±2.19ab	6.92±0.66a	14.92±1.77AB	12.29±1.31B	6.87±1.37AB	44.88±1.89B	0.55±0.04A	0.35±0.13B
	NPOM	16.05±2.06ab	7.25±0.55a	12.40±1.36C	15.10±2.64A	8.62±0.67A	40.58±3.18B	0.59±0.08A	0.39±0.06B
H_(Y+J)	CK	8.05±1.59B	3.37±0.74b	19.80±1.70A	5.16±0.88D	6.24±0.55C	57.38±4.26A	0.12±0.02B	0.28±0.06B
	N	13.14±1.77A	4.46±0.60a	18.62±1.26AB	10.77±0.42C	7.28±0.73C	45.87±2.68B	0.16±0.05B	0.29±0.08B
	NP	9.57±1.68B	5.40±1.09a	15.03±1.49B	13.07±0.61A	8.82±0.24A	48.10±3.34B	0.18±0.05B	0.52±0.07A
	OM	8.73±1.37B	4.97±0.68a	16.98±0.78B	11.90±0.09B	7.48±0.88B	49.81±1.42B	0.17±0.04B	0.33±0.09B
	NPOM	12.98±0.58A	5.91±1.57a	13.41±1.11C	13.33±0.83A	8.85±0.38A	45.52±2.40B	0.29±0.05A	0.36±0.07B
H_(Y+Z)	CK	8.98±1.22C	3.36±0.68C	19.59±2.10A	6.99±1.02C	3.95±1.58C	57.14±2.76A	0.12±0.03b	0.20±0.04C
	N	13.29±0.33AB	4.09±0.84BC	18.30±1.65AB	7.55±1.38C	8.02±0.37B	48.76±2.95B	0.12±0.03b	0.24±0.06BC
	NP	9.71±1.63C	5.73±0.14B	16.42±1.10BC	12.45±0.72AB	9.30±0.89B	46.39±1.01B	0.14±0.02ab	0.58±0.03A
	OM	10.90±0.12BC	4.61±1.48BC	17.29±1.58AB	11.75±0.86B	8.62±0.82B	46.84±3.65B	0.13±0.01ab	0.25±0.03BC
	NPOM	12.03±1.61B	6.97±0.09A	15.24±1.71C	13.97±1.70A	9.54±0.20AB	42.26±1.61C	0.18±0.04a	0.28±0.05B

性状Trait	X₁	X₂	X₃	X₄	X₅	X₆	X₇	X₈	X₉	X₁₀	X₁₁	X₁₂	X₁₃	X₁₄	X₁₅	X₁₆	X₀
X₁		0.019	0.434*	0.986**	0.112	0.322	0.282	0.488*	-0.014	0.033	0.000	0.038	-0.051	0.108	0.044	0.000	0.898*
X₂	0.607**		0.309	-0.018	0.124	0.244	0.126	0.108	-0.183	-0.150	-0.133	-0.170	-0.181	-0.306	-0.051	-0.153	0.107
X₃	0.416**	0.467**		-0.463*	-0.063	-0.057	-0.139	0.192	0.212	0.180	0.203	0.198	0.225	0.216	-0.099	0.206	0.182
X₄	0.988**	0.569**	0.353*		-0.123	-0.210	-0.207	-0.381	0.039	-0.001	0.035	-0.005	0.079	-0.058	-0.046	0.033	0.024
X₅	0.309	0.475**	0.546**	0.311		0.146	-0.274	0.081	0.150	0.165	0.165	0.181	0.216	0.319	0.330	0.173	0.440*
X₆	0.442**	0.690**	0.043	0.436**	0.417**		-0.505**	-0.700**	-0.364	-0.429*	-0.453*	-0.440*	-0.403*	-0.429*	-0.103	-0.436*	0.172
X₇	-0.016	-0.206	-0.315*	-0.017	-0.459**	-0.291		-0.454*	-0.072	-0.065	-0.086	-0.065	-0.042	-0.055	0.095	-0.080	0.279
X₈	0.392*	0.146	0.740**	0.370*	0.417**	-0.309	-0.276		-0.117	-0.176	-0.166	-0.183	-0.129	-0.201	-0.031	-0.166	0.054
X₉	0.156	0.159	0.223	0.165	0.398*	0.384*	-0.463**	0.237		-0.979**	-0.989**	-0.989**	-0.988**	-0.388	-0.093	-0.992**	0.070
X₁₀	0.153	-0.056	0.302	0.174	0.367*	-0.184	-0.097	0.511**	0.371*		-0.983**	-0.985**	-0.982**	-0.352	-0.097	-0.989**	0.110
X₁₁	0.049	-0.177	0.241	0.087	-0.006	-0.522**	-0.027	0.578**	0.069	0.569**		-0.994**	-0.990**	-0.421*	-0.128	-0.997**	0.051
X₁₂	-0.008	-0.004	-0.397*	-0.066	-0.567**	0.138	0.399*	-0.584**	-0.436**	-0.641**	-0.519**		-0.992**	-0.437*	-0.150	-0.996**	0.054
X₁₃	0.002	0.042	0.400*	0.061	0.658**	-0.042	-0.290	0.517**	0.348*	0.572**	0.476**	-0.799**		-0.402*	-0.141	-0.995**	0.083
X₁₄	-0.208	-0.569**	0.138	-0.181	0.028	-0.685**	-0.045	0.478**	0.119	0.592**	0.561**	-0.565**	0.388*		-0.002	-0.407*	-0.385
X₁₅	-0.032	-0.083	0.146	-0.013	0.438**	-0.046	-0.233	0.275	0.400*	0.459**	0.106	-0.586**	0.358*	0.435**		-0.116	-0.049
X₁₆	-0.130	0.058	-0.301	-0.163	-0.257	0.209	0.110	-0.545**	-0.408**	-0.726**	-0.821**	0.503**	-0.688**	-0.455**	-0.163		0.078
X₀	0.423**	0.729**	0.409**	0.408**	0.739**	0.734**	-0.239	0.080	0.285	0.048	-0.353*	-0.184	0.310	-0.493**	0.126	0.067

播种 Sowing	处理 Treatment	灰色关联分析法 Grey relationship analysis		隶属函数分析法 Membership function analysis		相似优先比 Similar priority ratio		主成分分析法 Principal components analysis		综合得分 Average score	排序Rank
播种 Sowing	处理 Treatment	相关度 Relation	排序 Rank	平均值 Average	排序 Rank	相似度Similarity	排序Rank	F	排序 Rank	综合得分 Average score	排序Rank
D_L	CK	0.8109	37	0.3597	35	462	38	-1.0766	34	36.00	37
	N	0.8772	34	0.4137	28	368	29	-0.2352	24	28.75	29
	NP	0.9106	28	0.5105	13	255	13	0.8973	10	16.00	15
	OM	0.9139	26	0.3893	31	364	28	-0.4802	27	28.00	28
	NPOM	0.9100	29	0.4849	18	241	11	0.5861	13	17.75	17
D_Y	CK	0.8788	33	0.4156	27	427	36	-0.8001	32	32.00	33
	N	0.9372	19	0.5104	14	342	24	0.2620	18	18.75	20
	NP	0.9746	1	0.6272	2	210	6	1.5577	4	3.25	2
	OM	0.9660	6	0.5028	15	334	22	0.1718	19	15.50	14
	NPOM	0.9726	2	0.5769	6	214	9	1.0265	8	6.25	5
D_J	CK	0.7721	39	0.2680	40	486	40	-2.3027	40	39.75	40
	N	0.7696	40	0.3024	39	423	33	-1.7772	39	38.00	39
	NP	0.8344	35	0.4433	24	283	16	-0.5196	28	25.75	26
	OM	0.8004	38	0.3221	38	389	30	-1.5248	38	36.00	37
	NPOM	0.8218	36	0.3998	30	305	20	-0.7671	31	29.25	30
D_Z	CK	0.8828	32	0.3892	32	425	35	-0.9515	33	33.00	34
	N	0.8971	31	0.4507	22	336	23	-0.1111	22	24.50	25
	NP	0.9190	24	0.5598	8	243	12	1.0111	9	13.25	12
	OM	0.9098	30	0.4961	16	303	19	0.3134	16	20.25	21
	NPOM	0.9108	27	0.6167	3	183	2	1.6410	2	8.50	8
H_(L+J)	CK	0.9184	25	0.3346	37	473	39	-1.4258	37	34.50	36
	N	0.9269	22	0.3840	33	423	33	-0.7504	30	29.50	31
	NP	0.9417	17	0.4727	19	258	14	0.2973	17	16.75	16
	OM	0.9349	20	0.4573	21	345	25	-0.1507	23	22.25	22
	NPOM	0.9447	16	0.5491	10	187	3	0.8010	11	10.00	9
H_(L+Z)	CK	0.9532	14	0.4116	29	395	31	-0.7021	29	25.75	26
	N	0.9600	11	0.4700	20	331	21	-0.0548	21	18.25	19
	NP	0.9712	3	0.5854	5	212	7	1.0955	5	5.25	3
	OM	0.9694	4	0.5218	11	282	15	0.3674	15	11.25	11
	NPOM	0.9676	5	0.6329	1	168	1	1.7030	1	2.00	1
H_(Y+J)	CK	0.9212	23	0.3460	36	435	37	-1.2716	36	33.00	34
	N	0.9382	18	0.4222	26	359	27	-0.3173	26	24.25	24
	NP	0.9628	8	0.5201	12	227	10	0.7398	12	10.50	10
	OM	0.9602	10	0.4479	23	300	18	-0.0044	20	17.75	17
	NPOM	0.9655	7	0.5509	9	188	4	1.0865	6	6.50	6
H_(Y+Z)	CK	0.9332	21	0.3642	34	409	32	-1.1061	35	30.50	32
	N	0.9506	15	0.4312	25	346	26	-0.2697	25	22.75	23
	NP	0.9610	9	0.5651	7	212	7	1.0829	7	7.50	7
	OM	0.9533	13	0.4897	17	289	17	0.3949	14	15.25	13
	NPOM	0.9594	12	0.5990	4	188	4	1.5638	3	6.00	4

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