草业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (2): 26-34.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2022064
收稿日期:
2022-02-14
修回日期:
2022-04-05
出版日期:
2023-02-20
发布日期:
2022-12-01
通讯作者:
张军
作者简介:
E-mail: zj325328333@163.com基金资助:
Qi WANG1(), Jia-hua ZHENG1, Meng-li ZHAO1, Jun ZHANG2()
Received:
2022-02-14
Revised:
2022-04-05
Online:
2023-02-20
Published:
2022-12-01
Contact:
Jun ZHANG
摘要:
探究不同刈割强度对大针茅典型草原植物群落特征以及土壤理化性质的影响,可为大针茅草原制定合理科学的刈割制度提供理论依据。本研究以大针茅典型草原为对象,于2020年在内蒙古锡林浩特市毛登牧场刈割实验平台进行野外植被调查和取样。该实验平台于2014年建立,以不刈割为对照(CK),设置轻度(LM)、中度(MM)及重度刈割(HM)3个处理。本研究通过计算物种重要值和多样性指数,测定植物群落地上、地下生物量以及土壤理化性质,探究群落特征与土壤理化性质的关系。结果表明:1)与不刈割相比,不同刈割强度均增加了新物种,且中度刈割的物种数最多;与不刈割相比,不同刈割强度均显著增加了群落的丰富度和Shannon-Wiener指数,且轻度刈割显著增加了优势度和均匀度指数,表明轻度刈割最有利于群落多样性的维持;不同刈割强度对大针茅草原的生产力均无显著影响;2)土壤全碳、全氮和pH均在中度刈割时最高,且显著高于不刈割,表明中度刈割对土壤养分有积极影响;3)硝态氮是影响草地生产力的主要土壤因子,土壤含水量是影响草地群落多样性的主要土壤因子。本研究可为大针茅典型草原群落结构、物种多样性以及生产力等方面的研究提供重要参考。
王琪, 郑佳华, 赵萌莉, 张军. 刈割强度对大针茅草原植物群落特征和土壤理化性质的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2023, 32(2): 26-34.
Qi WANG, Jia-hua ZHENG, Meng-li ZHAO, Jun ZHANG. Effects of mowing intensity on community characteristics and soil physicochemical properties of Stipa grandis steppe, Inner Mongolia, China[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2023, 32(2): 26-34.
功能群 Functional group | 物种 Species | 科 Families | 重要值 Important values (%) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | LM | MM | HM | |||
多年生禾草 Perennial gramineae | 大针茅S. grandis | 禾本科Poaceae | 41.54±5.18a | 48.76±3.10a | 42.10±5.65a | 46.09±5.51a |
糙隐子草C. squarrosa | 禾本科Poaceae | 12.01±1.86a | 13.45±2.21a | 11.06±3.06a | 9.08±1.81a | |
冰草A. cristatum | 禾本科Poaceae | 2.97±2.97a | 0.77±0.77a | 1.47±1.47a | 0.80±0.80a | |
羊草L. chinensis | 禾本科Poaceae | 18.97±6.99a | 8.45±2.27a | 14.41±3.57a | 12.93±4.86a | |
多年生杂类草 Perennial forbs | 知母A. asphodeloides | 百合科Liliaceae | 21.11±6.27a | 17.17±3.26a | 20.83±3.22a | 18.72±5.11a |
黄囊苔草C. korshinskyi | 莎草科Cyperaceae | 0.94±0.94a | — | 1.04±0.77a | 1.36±0.80a | |
细叶葱Allium tenuissimum | 百合科Liliaceae | — | — | 1.82 | 0.44 | |
双齿葱Allium bidentatum | 百合科Liliaceae | 2.04 | 3.11 | 1.79 | 1.42 | |
野韭Allium ramosum | 百合科Liliaceae | — | 1.09 | — | 0.95 | |
银灰旋花Convolvulus ammannii | 旋花科Convolvulaceae | — | — | 0.53 | — | |
米口袋Gueldenstaedtia verna | 豆科Leguminosae | — | — | — | 0.31 | |
并头黄芩Scutellaria scordifolia | 豆科Leguminosae | — | 1.20 | 0.65 | — | |
一、二年生草本 Annual or biennial herb | 点地梅Androsace umbellata | 报春花科Primulaceae | — | — | 0.36 | — |
地锦Euphorbia humifusa | 大戟科Euphorbiaceae | — | — | 0.10 | — | |
虫实Corispermum hyssopifolium | 藜科Chenopodiaceae | — | — | — | 0.16 | |
刺穗藜Chenopodium aristatum | 藜科Chenopodiaceae | 1.14 | 5.78 | 4.00 | 10.27 | |
猪毛菜Salsola collina | 藜科Chenopodiaceae | — | 1.86 | 0.52 | 0.69 | |
灌木、半灌木 Shrub, subshrub | 冷蒿A. frigida | 菊科Asteraceae | — | — | 1.16 | — |
小叶锦鸡儿Caragana microphylla | 豆科Leguminosae | — | 0.33 | 0.40 | — |
表1 刈割对大针茅草原植物重要值的影响
Table 1 Effect of mowing on the important values of S. grandis steppe
功能群 Functional group | 物种 Species | 科 Families | 重要值 Important values (%) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | LM | MM | HM | |||
多年生禾草 Perennial gramineae | 大针茅S. grandis | 禾本科Poaceae | 41.54±5.18a | 48.76±3.10a | 42.10±5.65a | 46.09±5.51a |
糙隐子草C. squarrosa | 禾本科Poaceae | 12.01±1.86a | 13.45±2.21a | 11.06±3.06a | 9.08±1.81a | |
冰草A. cristatum | 禾本科Poaceae | 2.97±2.97a | 0.77±0.77a | 1.47±1.47a | 0.80±0.80a | |
羊草L. chinensis | 禾本科Poaceae | 18.97±6.99a | 8.45±2.27a | 14.41±3.57a | 12.93±4.86a | |
多年生杂类草 Perennial forbs | 知母A. asphodeloides | 百合科Liliaceae | 21.11±6.27a | 17.17±3.26a | 20.83±3.22a | 18.72±5.11a |
黄囊苔草C. korshinskyi | 莎草科Cyperaceae | 0.94±0.94a | — | 1.04±0.77a | 1.36±0.80a | |
细叶葱Allium tenuissimum | 百合科Liliaceae | — | — | 1.82 | 0.44 | |
双齿葱Allium bidentatum | 百合科Liliaceae | 2.04 | 3.11 | 1.79 | 1.42 | |
野韭Allium ramosum | 百合科Liliaceae | — | 1.09 | — | 0.95 | |
银灰旋花Convolvulus ammannii | 旋花科Convolvulaceae | — | — | 0.53 | — | |
米口袋Gueldenstaedtia verna | 豆科Leguminosae | — | — | — | 0.31 | |
并头黄芩Scutellaria scordifolia | 豆科Leguminosae | — | 1.20 | 0.65 | — | |
一、二年生草本 Annual or biennial herb | 点地梅Androsace umbellata | 报春花科Primulaceae | — | — | 0.36 | — |
地锦Euphorbia humifusa | 大戟科Euphorbiaceae | — | — | 0.10 | — | |
虫实Corispermum hyssopifolium | 藜科Chenopodiaceae | — | — | — | 0.16 | |
刺穗藜Chenopodium aristatum | 藜科Chenopodiaceae | 1.14 | 5.78 | 4.00 | 10.27 | |
猪毛菜Salsola collina | 藜科Chenopodiaceae | — | 1.86 | 0.52 | 0.69 | |
灌木、半灌木 Shrub, subshrub | 冷蒿A. frigida | 菊科Asteraceae | — | — | 1.16 | — |
小叶锦鸡儿Caragana microphylla | 豆科Leguminosae | — | 0.33 | 0.40 | — |
图1 刈割对植物群落物种多样性的影响不同小写字母表示在P<0.05水平上差异显著。下同。Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P<0.05. The same below.
Fig.1 Effect of mowing on species diversity of plant community
土壤理化性质Soil physicochemical factors | CK | LM | MM | HM |
---|---|---|---|---|
铵态氮 Ammonium nitrogen (mg·kg-1) | 0.78±0.08a | 0.64±0.07a | 0.83±0.09a | 0.74±0.04a |
硝态氮 Nitrate nitrogen (mg·kg-1) | 3.89±0.27a | 4.59±0.27a | 3.96±0.21a | 4.10±0.23a |
全磷 Total phosphorus (g·kg-1) | 0.25±0.02a | 0.29±0.03a | 0.30±0.03a | 0.29±0.03a |
有效磷 Available phosphorus (mg·kg-1) | 4.14±0.18a | 3.96±0.28a | 3.99±0.14a | 3.75±0.18a |
有机碳 Organic carbon (mg·kg-1) | 15.15±0.43ab | 14.43±0.85b | 16.50±0.42a | 15.55±0.31ab |
全氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg-1) | 1.78±0.03b | 1.79±0.04b | 1.93±0.05a | 1.77±0.05b |
全碳Total carbon (g·kg-1) | 15.33±0.39b | 19.32±1.38a | 20.28±1.13a | 18.85±1.39a |
含水量 Moisture content (%) | 10.98±0.34a | 11.79±0.48a | 10.53±0.32a | 10.92±0.56a |
温度 Soil temperature (℃) | 25.76±0.35a | 25.41±0.32a | 25.57±0.30a | 25.38±0.31a |
pH | 8.04±0.14b | 8.21±0.18ab | 8.63±0.12a | 8.28±0.16ab |
表2 刈割对土壤理化性质的影响
Table 2 Effect of mowing on soil physical and chemical properties
土壤理化性质Soil physicochemical factors | CK | LM | MM | HM |
---|---|---|---|---|
铵态氮 Ammonium nitrogen (mg·kg-1) | 0.78±0.08a | 0.64±0.07a | 0.83±0.09a | 0.74±0.04a |
硝态氮 Nitrate nitrogen (mg·kg-1) | 3.89±0.27a | 4.59±0.27a | 3.96±0.21a | 4.10±0.23a |
全磷 Total phosphorus (g·kg-1) | 0.25±0.02a | 0.29±0.03a | 0.30±0.03a | 0.29±0.03a |
有效磷 Available phosphorus (mg·kg-1) | 4.14±0.18a | 3.96±0.28a | 3.99±0.14a | 3.75±0.18a |
有机碳 Organic carbon (mg·kg-1) | 15.15±0.43ab | 14.43±0.85b | 16.50±0.42a | 15.55±0.31ab |
全氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg-1) | 1.78±0.03b | 1.79±0.04b | 1.93±0.05a | 1.77±0.05b |
全碳Total carbon (g·kg-1) | 15.33±0.39b | 19.32±1.38a | 20.28±1.13a | 18.85±1.39a |
含水量 Moisture content (%) | 10.98±0.34a | 11.79±0.48a | 10.53±0.32a | 10.92±0.56a |
温度 Soil temperature (℃) | 25.76±0.35a | 25.41±0.32a | 25.57±0.30a | 25.38±0.31a |
pH | 8.04±0.14b | 8.21±0.18ab | 8.63±0.12a | 8.28±0.16ab |
图3 植物物种多样性及生物量与土壤理化性质的冗余分析S:丰富度指数;H':Shannon-Wiener多样性指数;D:优势度指数;SE:均匀度指数;AGB:地上生物量;BGB:地下生物量;SM:土壤含水量;AP:有效磷;ST:土壤温度;SOC:有机碳;TC:全碳;TP:全磷;TN:全氮;NH4+-N:铵态氮;NO3--N:硝态氮。S: Species richness index; H': Shannon-Wiener diversity index; D: Simpson dominance index; SE: Pielou evenness index;AGB: Aboveground biomass; BGB: Underground biomass; SM: Soil moisture content; AP: Available phosphorus; ST: Soil temperature; SOC: Soil organic carbon; TC: Total carbon; TP: Total phosphorus; TN: Total nitrogen; NH4+-N: Ammonium nitrogen;NO3--N: Nitrate nitrogen.
Fig.3 Redundancy analysis of plant species diversity and biomass with soil physicochemical properties
土壤理化性质 Soil physicochemical factors | 解释率 Explains (%) | P |
---|---|---|
NO3--N | 37.7 | 0.010 |
TC | 19.7 | 0.118 |
NH4+-N | 7.4 | 0.506 |
pH | 10.2 | 0.430 |
SM | 6.8 | 0.566 |
TP | 5.9 | 0.606 |
ST | 4.3 | 0.758 |
SOC | 3.6 | 0.802 |
TN | 2.3 | 0.906 |
AP | 2.1 | 0.940 |
表3 土壤理化性质对群落特征的贡献率
Table 3 Contribution of soil physicochemical factors to community characteristics
土壤理化性质 Soil physicochemical factors | 解释率 Explains (%) | P |
---|---|---|
NO3--N | 37.7 | 0.010 |
TC | 19.7 | 0.118 |
NH4+-N | 7.4 | 0.506 |
pH | 10.2 | 0.430 |
SM | 6.8 | 0.566 |
TP | 5.9 | 0.606 |
ST | 4.3 | 0.758 |
SOC | 3.6 | 0.802 |
TN | 2.3 | 0.906 |
AP | 2.1 | 0.940 |
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