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草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (5): 51-63.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2024229

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

紫云英生物固氮对土壤肥力及根瘤菌的响应特征

张磊1(), 杜锦涛1(), 范倩玉1, 李顺1, 高嵩涓1(), 曹卫东2()   

  1. 1.南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,海岸带盐土资源利用与生态保育江苏省重点实验室,江苏 南京 210095
    2.中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室,北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-11 修回日期:2024-07-18 出版日期:2025-05-20 发布日期:2025-03-20
  • 通讯作者: 高嵩涓,曹卫东
  • 作者简介:caoweidong@caas.cn
    E-mail: gaosongjuan@njau.edu.cn
    张磊(1997-),女,安徽安庆人,硕士。E-mail: zhanglei_ahnu@163.com
    杜锦涛(2003-),男,湖北荆州人,在读本科。E-mail: 9211310612@stu.njau.edu.cn第一联系人:(张磊、杜锦涛并列第一作者)
  • 基金资助:
    现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-22);国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1700200)

Response of biological nitrogen fixation by milk vetch to soil fertility and rhizobium inoculation

Lei ZHANG1(), Jin-tao DU1(), Qian-yu FAN1, Shun LI1, Song-juan GAO1(), Wei-dong CAO2()   

  1. 1.College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Nanjing Agricultural University,Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Saline Soil Resource Utilization and Ecological Conservation,Nanjing 210095,China
    2.Institute of Agricultural Resources and Agricultural Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,National Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-Arid Cropland in the North,Beijing 100081,China
  • Received:2024-06-11 Revised:2024-07-18 Online:2025-05-20 Published:2025-03-20
  • Contact: Song-juan GAO,Wei-dong CAO

摘要:

紫云英是我国最重要的豆科绿肥作物之一,高效生物固氮是其典型特征。适宜的环境条件和根瘤菌接种能增强紫云英固氮能力。选取主栽紫云英品种弋江籽、湘紫1号和闽紫7号,采用15N同位素示踪技术设置盆栽试验,研究了两种土壤肥力条件下接种根瘤菌(菌株7563R)后的生物固氮效应与机制。结果表明,高肥力下的紫云英平均生物量、吸氮量与生物固氮量分别比低肥力下提高了77.5%、52.6%和22.0%。高肥力下紫云英平均固氮效率为44.7%,相比低肥力下的55.1%降低了10.4%。与不接种根瘤菌相比,接种根瘤菌下紫云英平均吸氮量和固氮效率分别增加13.5%和4.3%。不同紫云英品种间生物量、固氮效率和固氮量无显著差异,弋江籽的磷、钾吸收量高于湘紫1号和闽紫7号。随机森林分析结果表明,土壤速效钾、有效磷、pH对紫云英固氮量具有显著影响,贡献率分别达到10.03%、9.38%和8.28%。综上,土壤肥力和根瘤菌对紫云英生物固氮的影响存在显著的互作效应,在合适的土壤环境下种植紫云英并接种根瘤菌,是促进紫云英生物固氮作用、提高吸氮量的重要措施。

关键词: 紫云英, 土壤肥力, 根瘤菌, 互作效应, 生物固氮

Abstract:

Milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus) is one of the most important leguminous green manure crop in China, and high-efficiency biological nitrogen fixation is its key feature. Suitable environmental conditions and rhizobial inoculation can enhance the nitrogen-fixing ability of milk vetch. In this study, we selected three widely used cultivars of milk vetch, Yijiangzi, Xiangzi No.1, and Minzi No.7, and conducted pot trials using 15N-isotope tracing technology to investigate the effects and mechanisms of biological nitrogen fixation after inoculation with rhizobia (strain 7563R) under two soil fertility conditions. The results showed that, under high fertility conditions, the average biomass, nitrogen uptake, and biological nitrogen fixation of milk vetch were increased by 77.5%, 52.6%, and 22.0%, respectively, compared with their values under low fertility conditions. However, the average nitrogen fixation efficiency of milk vetch under high fertility conditions was 44.7%, which was 10.4% lower than that under low fertility conditions (55.1%). Compared with uninoculated milk vetch, the rhizobia-inoculated milk vetch showed higher average nitrogen uptake and nitrogen fixation efficiency (increased by 13.5% and 4.3%, respectively). There were no significant differences in biomass, nitrogen fixation efficiency, and nitrogen fixation among the different cultivars of milk vetch, but phosphorus and potassium uptake were higher in Yijiangzi than in Xiangzi No.1 and Minzi No.7. Random forest analysis indicated that soil available potassium, available phosphorus, and pH significantly influenced the nitrogen fixation of milk vetch, with contribution rates of 10.03%, 9.38%, and 8.28%, respectively. In conclusion, our results show that there is a significant interactive effect of soil fertility and rhizobia on the biological nitrogen fixation of milk vetch. The inoculation of milk vetch with rhizobia and its cultivation in suitable soil environments are important measures to promote nitrogen fixation and increase nitrogen uptake.

Key words: milk vetch, soil fertility, rhizobia, interactive effect, biological nitrogen fixation