草业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (6): 70-84.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2024292
宁小静1(
), 任秋洁1, 王丽娟1, 贾小琳1, 石孝均1,2,3, 王洁1,2,3(
)
收稿日期:2024-07-23
修回日期:2024-09-20
出版日期:2025-06-20
发布日期:2025-04-03
通讯作者:
王洁
作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: mutouyu@swu.edu.cn基金资助:
Xiao-jing NING1(
), Qiu-jie REN1, Li-juan WANG1, Xiao-lin JIA1, Xiao-jun SHI1,2,3, Jie WANG1,2,3(
)
Received:2024-07-23
Revised:2024-09-20
Online:2025-06-20
Published:2025-04-03
Contact:
Jie WANG
摘要:
为筛选西南地区典型酿酒高粱品种最适丸化种衣剂配方,降低直播高粱病虫危害和干旱胁迫,实现精量化播种与高质成苗,以金糯粱9号、泸糯8号、红缨子为试验材料,采用不同助剂(阿拉伯胶和硅藻土、丸粒化粉和硅藻土)、生物活性物质(杀菌剂戊唑醇、杀虫剂溴氰虫酰胺、植物生长调节剂芸苔素内酯)和功能材料(海藻酸、保水剂高吸水性树脂)对种子进行丸粒化处理,通过室内发芽试验和穴盘播种试验,探究不同配方对酿酒高粱种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,使用硅藻土为填充剂,15%的阿拉伯胶溶液为粘结剂在丸化粒径为5 mm时对3个品种高粱种子的发芽情况影响较小,丸化种子崩解时间短,有较高的单籽率和有籽率,质量最佳;种衣剂中生物活性物质选择杀菌剂∶杀虫剂∶植物生长调节剂=1∶1∶1的配方,能显著提高高粱的发芽率、幼苗株高和根长,金糯粱9号、泸糯8号、红缨子的发芽率分别提高了4.6%、3.1%、6.3%,株高分别提高了11.0%、19.0%、38.1%,根长分别提高了18.9%、50.7%、100.5%;种衣剂中功能材料选择添加适宜浓度的海藻酸,能有效促进高粱生长,其中,金糯粱9号使用浓度为0.1%的海藻酸效果较好,发芽率提高了9.6%,株高和根长分别提高了32.5%、130.9%;泸糯8号和红缨子使用浓度为0.3%的海藻酸效果较好,发芽率分别提高了11.8%、19.7%,株高分别提高了37.6%、63.9%,根长分别提高了113.2%、156.3%。综上所述,丸化高粱种子最佳粒径为5 mm,种衣剂配方为:硅藻土37.5%、阿拉伯胶9.42%、海藻酸13.27%、杀菌剂13.27%、杀虫剂13.27%、植物生长调节剂13.27%,金糯粱9号最适海藻酸浓度为0.1%,泸糯8号和红缨子最适海藻酸浓度均为0.3%。研究结果可为实现西南地区酿酒高粱丸粒化播种提供理论依据和技术支持。
宁小静, 任秋洁, 王丽娟, 贾小琳, 石孝均, 王洁. 不同丸化种衣剂配方对酿酒高粱出苗及生长的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2025, 34(6): 70-84.
Xiao-jing NING, Qiu-jie REN, Li-juan WANG, Xiao-lin JIA, Xiao-jun SHI, Jie WANG. Effects of different pelleted seed coating formulations on seed germination and seedling growth of three brewing sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) cultivars[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2025, 34(6): 70-84.
| 处理Treatment | 助剂配方(体积比)Additive formulation (volume ratio) |
|---|---|
| A1 | 15%阿拉伯胶∶硅藻土=5∶11。15% concentration gum arabic∶diatomite=5∶11. |
| A2 | 20%阿拉伯胶∶硅藻土=5∶11。20% concentration gum arabic∶diatomite=5∶11. |
| A3 | 25%阿拉伯胶∶硅藻土=5∶11。25% concentration gum arabic∶diatomite=5∶11. |
| W1 | 丸粒化粉∶硅藻土=2∶8。Pellet powder∶diatomite=2∶8. |
| W2 | 丸粒化粉∶硅藻土=3∶7。Pellet powder∶diatomite=3∶7. |
| W3 | 丸粒化粉∶硅藻土=4∶6。Pellet powder∶diatomite=4∶6. |
表1 丸化种衣剂助剂处理
Table 1 Auxiliary treatment of pelletizing seed coating agent
| 处理Treatment | 助剂配方(体积比)Additive formulation (volume ratio) |
|---|---|
| A1 | 15%阿拉伯胶∶硅藻土=5∶11。15% concentration gum arabic∶diatomite=5∶11. |
| A2 | 20%阿拉伯胶∶硅藻土=5∶11。20% concentration gum arabic∶diatomite=5∶11. |
| A3 | 25%阿拉伯胶∶硅藻土=5∶11。25% concentration gum arabic∶diatomite=5∶11. |
| W1 | 丸粒化粉∶硅藻土=2∶8。Pellet powder∶diatomite=2∶8. |
| W2 | 丸粒化粉∶硅藻土=3∶7。Pellet powder∶diatomite=3∶7. |
| W3 | 丸粒化粉∶硅藻土=4∶6。Pellet powder∶diatomite=4∶6. |
| 处理Treatment | 生物活性物质Bioactive substance |
|---|---|
| CK | 裸种 Bare species |
| M1 | 添加杀菌剂 Add bactericide |
| M2 | 添加杀菌剂∶杀虫剂=1∶1。 Add bactericide∶insecticide=1∶1. |
| M3 | 添加杀菌剂∶杀虫剂∶植物生长调节剂=1∶1∶1。Add bactericide∶insecticide∶plant growth regulator=1∶1∶1. |
表2 添加生物活性物质处理
Table 2 Treatment with the addition of bioactive substance
| 处理Treatment | 生物活性物质Bioactive substance |
|---|---|
| CK | 裸种 Bare species |
| M1 | 添加杀菌剂 Add bactericide |
| M2 | 添加杀菌剂∶杀虫剂=1∶1。 Add bactericide∶insecticide=1∶1. |
| M3 | 添加杀菌剂∶杀虫剂∶植物生长调节剂=1∶1∶1。Add bactericide∶insecticide∶plant growth regulator=1∶1∶1. |
| 处理Treatment | 功能材料Functional materials |
|---|---|
| CK1 | 裸种 Bare species |
| CK2 | 不添加功能材料 No functional materials are added |
| MH1 | 添加0.1%浓度海藻酸 Add 0.1% concentration alginic acid |
| MH2 | 添加0.3%浓度海藻酸 Add 0.3% concentration alginic acid |
| MH3 | 添加0.5%浓度海藻酸 Add 0.5% concentration alginic acid |
| MS1 | 添加质量占比0.5%的SAP。Add super absorbent polymer (SAP) with a mass ratio of 0.5%. |
| MS2 | 添加质量占比1%的SAP。Add super absorbent polymer (SAP) with a mass ratio of 1%. |
| MS3 | 添加质量占比2%的SAP。Add super absorbent polymer (SAP) with a mass ratio of 2%. |
表3 添加功能材料处理
Table 3 Treatment with the addition of functional materials
| 处理Treatment | 功能材料Functional materials |
|---|---|
| CK1 | 裸种 Bare species |
| CK2 | 不添加功能材料 No functional materials are added |
| MH1 | 添加0.1%浓度海藻酸 Add 0.1% concentration alginic acid |
| MH2 | 添加0.3%浓度海藻酸 Add 0.3% concentration alginic acid |
| MH3 | 添加0.5%浓度海藻酸 Add 0.5% concentration alginic acid |
| MS1 | 添加质量占比0.5%的SAP。Add super absorbent polymer (SAP) with a mass ratio of 0.5%. |
| MS2 | 添加质量占比1%的SAP。Add super absorbent polymer (SAP) with a mass ratio of 1%. |
| MS3 | 添加质量占比2%的SAP。Add super absorbent polymer (SAP) with a mass ratio of 2%. |
图1 不同助剂处理对丸化高粱种子崩解时间的影响A1为15%阿拉伯胶∶硅藻土=5∶11;A2为20%阿拉伯胶∶硅藻土=5∶11;A3为25%阿拉伯胶∶硅藻土=5∶11;W1为丸粒化粉∶硅藻土=2∶8;W2为丸粒化粉∶硅藻土=3∶7;W3为丸粒化粉∶硅藻土=4∶6;不同小写字母表示相同粒径下不同助剂处理在P<0.05水平差异显著,不同大写字母表示不同粒径处理在P<0.05水平差异显著,下同。A1 is 15% concentration gum arabic∶diatomite=5∶11; A2 is 20% concentration gum arabic∶diatomite=5∶11; A3 is 25% concentration gum arabic∶diatomite=5∶11; W1 is pellet powder∶diatomite=2∶8; W2 is pellet powder∶diatomite=3∶7; W3 is pellet powder∶diatomite=4∶6; Different lowercase letters indicate that there is significant differences in P<0.05 level among different auxiliary treatments under the same particle size. Different capital letters indicated that different particle sizes had significant differences at P<0.05 level. The same below.
Fig.1 Effect of different auxiliary treatments on disintegration time of pelleted sorghum seeds
图2 不同助剂处理对丸化高粱种子千粒重的影响CK为裸种,下同。CK is bare species, the same below.
Fig.2 Effects of different auxiliary treatments on thousand-grain weight of pelleted sorghum seeds
品种 Variety | 处理 Treatment | 单籽率Single seed rate | 有籽率Containing seed rate | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6 mm | 5 mm | 4 mm | 6 mm | 5 mm | 4 mm | ||
金糯粱9号 Jinnuoliang No.9 | A1 | 99.00±1.00a | 99.67±0.58a | 100.00±0.00a | 99.67±0.58a | 99.00±1.00a | 97.67±0.58ab |
| A2 | 98.33±0.58ab | 98.67±1.53a | 99.67±0.58a | 100.00±0.00a | 99.33±1.16a | 98.33±1.53ab | |
| A3 | 96.33±1.15b | 99.00±1.00a | 99.33±1.16a | 99.67±0.58a | 100.00±0.00a | 99.33±1.15a | |
| W1 | 97.67±0.58ab | 99.67±0.58a | 100.00±0.00a | 100.00±0.00a | 99.33±1.16a | 97.67±0.58ab | |
| W2 | 97.67±1.16ab | 99.33±0.58a | 100.00±0.00a | 100.00±0.00a | 99.00±1.00a | 96.67±1.53b | |
| W3 | 97.67±1.52ab | 99.33±0.58a | 100.00±0.00a | 100.00±0.00a | 98.67±1.16a | 94.33±1.16c | |
泸糯8号 Lunuo No.8 | A1 | 98.33±0.58ab | 98.67±1.15ab | 99.33±1.15a | 99.67±0.58a | 99.00±1.00a | 96.33±1.15ab |
| A2 | 98.00±1.00ab | 97.00±1.00bc | 100.00±0.00a | 100.00±0.00a | 99.67±0.58a | 98.00±1.00ab | |
| A3 | 96.67±1.53b | 96.00±1.00c | 98.67±1.53a | 100.00±0.00a | 100.00±0.00a | 99.00±1.00a | |
| W1 | 99.67±0.58a | 99.00±1.00a | 100.00±0.00a | 100.00±0.00a | 99.33±0.58a | 99.00±1.73a | |
| W2 | 98.33±1.53ab | 97.67±0.58abc | 100.00±0.00a | 100.00±0.00a | 98.67±0.58a | 97.33±1.53ab | |
| W3 | 97.67±1.15ab | 99.00±1.00a | 100.00±0.00a | 99.33±1.15a | 99.33±1.15a | 96.00±2.00b | |
红缨子 Hongyingzi | A1 | 99.00±1.00ab | 99.00±1.00a | 100.00±0.00a | 98.67±0.58b | 99.33±1.15a | 97.67±1.15b |
| A2 | 98.00±1.73ab | 98.33±1.53a | 100.00±0.00a | 99.67±0.58ab | 100.00±0.00a | 98.67±1.53ab | |
| A3 | 97.67±0.58ab | 95.33±0.58b | 99.33±0.58b | 99.33±1.15ab | 100.00±0.00a | 98.00±1.00ab | |
| W1 | 99.33±0.58a | 99.67±0.58a | 100.00±0.00a | 100.00±0.00a | 99.00±1.00a | 100.00±0.00a | |
| W2 | 97.00±1.00b | 98.33±0.58a | 99.67±0.58ab | 100.00±0.00a | 98.67±1.53ab | 98.33±1.15ab | |
| W3 | 97.67±1.15ab | 99.00±1.00a | 100.00±0.00a | 99.33±0.58ab | 97.00±1.00b | 96.67±1.53b | |
表4 不同助剂处理对丸化高粱种子有籽率、单籽率的影响
Table 4 Effects of different auxiliary treatments on seed content and single seed percentage of pelleted sorghum seeds (%)
品种 Variety | 处理 Treatment | 单籽率Single seed rate | 有籽率Containing seed rate | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6 mm | 5 mm | 4 mm | 6 mm | 5 mm | 4 mm | ||
金糯粱9号 Jinnuoliang No.9 | A1 | 99.00±1.00a | 99.67±0.58a | 100.00±0.00a | 99.67±0.58a | 99.00±1.00a | 97.67±0.58ab |
| A2 | 98.33±0.58ab | 98.67±1.53a | 99.67±0.58a | 100.00±0.00a | 99.33±1.16a | 98.33±1.53ab | |
| A3 | 96.33±1.15b | 99.00±1.00a | 99.33±1.16a | 99.67±0.58a | 100.00±0.00a | 99.33±1.15a | |
| W1 | 97.67±0.58ab | 99.67±0.58a | 100.00±0.00a | 100.00±0.00a | 99.33±1.16a | 97.67±0.58ab | |
| W2 | 97.67±1.16ab | 99.33±0.58a | 100.00±0.00a | 100.00±0.00a | 99.00±1.00a | 96.67±1.53b | |
| W3 | 97.67±1.52ab | 99.33±0.58a | 100.00±0.00a | 100.00±0.00a | 98.67±1.16a | 94.33±1.16c | |
泸糯8号 Lunuo No.8 | A1 | 98.33±0.58ab | 98.67±1.15ab | 99.33±1.15a | 99.67±0.58a | 99.00±1.00a | 96.33±1.15ab |
| A2 | 98.00±1.00ab | 97.00±1.00bc | 100.00±0.00a | 100.00±0.00a | 99.67±0.58a | 98.00±1.00ab | |
| A3 | 96.67±1.53b | 96.00±1.00c | 98.67±1.53a | 100.00±0.00a | 100.00±0.00a | 99.00±1.00a | |
| W1 | 99.67±0.58a | 99.00±1.00a | 100.00±0.00a | 100.00±0.00a | 99.33±0.58a | 99.00±1.73a | |
| W2 | 98.33±1.53ab | 97.67±0.58abc | 100.00±0.00a | 100.00±0.00a | 98.67±0.58a | 97.33±1.53ab | |
| W3 | 97.67±1.15ab | 99.00±1.00a | 100.00±0.00a | 99.33±1.15a | 99.33±1.15a | 96.00±2.00b | |
红缨子 Hongyingzi | A1 | 99.00±1.00ab | 99.00±1.00a | 100.00±0.00a | 98.67±0.58b | 99.33±1.15a | 97.67±1.15b |
| A2 | 98.00±1.73ab | 98.33±1.53a | 100.00±0.00a | 99.67±0.58ab | 100.00±0.00a | 98.67±1.53ab | |
| A3 | 97.67±0.58ab | 95.33±0.58b | 99.33±0.58b | 99.33±1.15ab | 100.00±0.00a | 98.00±1.00ab | |
| W1 | 99.33±0.58a | 99.67±0.58a | 100.00±0.00a | 100.00±0.00a | 99.00±1.00a | 100.00±0.00a | |
| W2 | 97.00±1.00b | 98.33±0.58a | 99.67±0.58ab | 100.00±0.00a | 98.67±1.53ab | 98.33±1.15ab | |
| W3 | 97.67±1.15ab | 99.00±1.00a | 100.00±0.00a | 99.33±0.58ab | 97.00±1.00b | 96.67±1.53b | |
品种 Variety | 粒径 Particle size (mm) | 单籽率均值 Average single seed rate (%) | 5%显著水平 5% significant level | 1%极显著水平 1% extremely significant level | 有籽率均值 Average containing seed rate (%) | 5%显著水平 5% significant level | 1%极显著水平 1% extremely significant level |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
金糯粱9号 Jinnuoliang No.9 | 6 | 97.78 | b | B | 99.89 | a | A |
| 5 | 99.28 | a | A | 99.22 | a | A | |
| 4 | 99.83 | a | A | 97.33 | b | B | |
泸糯8号 Lunuo No.8 | 6 | 98.11 | b | B | 99.83 | a | A |
| 5 | 97.89 | b | B | 99.33 | a | A | |
| 4 | 99.67 | a | A | 97.61 | b | B | |
红缨子 Hongyingzi | 6 | 98.10 | b | A | 99.50 | a | A |
| 5 | 98.28 | b | A | 99.00 | ab | A | |
| 4 | 99.83 | a | A | 98.22 | b | A |
表5 不同粒径处理对丸化高粱种子有籽率、单籽率的影响
Table 5 Effects of different particle size treatments on seed content and single seed percentage of pelleted sorghum seeds
品种 Variety | 粒径 Particle size (mm) | 单籽率均值 Average single seed rate (%) | 5%显著水平 5% significant level | 1%极显著水平 1% extremely significant level | 有籽率均值 Average containing seed rate (%) | 5%显著水平 5% significant level | 1%极显著水平 1% extremely significant level |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
金糯粱9号 Jinnuoliang No.9 | 6 | 97.78 | b | B | 99.89 | a | A |
| 5 | 99.28 | a | A | 99.22 | a | A | |
| 4 | 99.83 | a | A | 97.33 | b | B | |
泸糯8号 Lunuo No.8 | 6 | 98.11 | b | B | 99.83 | a | A |
| 5 | 97.89 | b | B | 99.33 | a | A | |
| 4 | 99.67 | a | A | 97.61 | b | B | |
红缨子 Hongyingzi | 6 | 98.10 | b | A | 99.50 | a | A |
| 5 | 98.28 | b | A | 99.00 | ab | A | |
| 4 | 99.83 | a | A | 98.22 | b | A |
图4 不同生物活性物质处理对丸化高粱种子发芽率的影响CK为裸种,M1为添加杀菌剂,M2为添加杀菌剂∶杀虫剂=1∶1,M3为添加杀菌剂∶杀虫剂∶植物生长调节剂=1∶1∶1,下同。CK is bare species, M1 is added bactericide, M2 is added bactericide∶insecticide=1∶1, M3 is added bactericide∶insecticide∶plant growth regulator=1∶1∶1, the same below.
Fig.4 Effects of different bioactive substances on germination rate of pelleted sorghum seeds
图5 功能材料添加对丸化高粱种子发芽率的影响CK1为裸种,CK2为未添加功能材料,MH1为添加0.1%浓度海藻酸,MH2为添加0.3%浓度海藻酸,MH3为添加0.5%浓度海藻酸,MS1为添加质量占比0.5%的SAP,MS2为添加质量占比1%的SAP,MS3为添加质量占比2%的SAP,下同。CK1 is bare species, CK2 is no functional material added, MH1 is added 0.1% concentration alginic acid, MH2 is added 0.3% concentration alginic acid, MH3 is added 0.5% concentration alginic acid, MS1 is added SAP with a mass ratio of 0.5%, MS2 is added SAP with a mass ratio of 1%, and MS3 is added SAP with a mass ratio of 2%, the same below.
Fig.5 Effect of functional material addition on germination rate of pelleted sorghum seeds
处理 Treatment | 金糯粱9号 Jinnuoliang No.9 | 泸糯8号 Lunuo No.8 | 红缨子 Hongyingzi |
|---|---|---|---|
| CK | 88.5±2.12bc | 73.0±1.41b | 68.5±2.12c |
| M1 | 87.0±2.83c | 73.0±1.41b | 67.5±0.71c |
| M2 | 93.0±1.41ab | 88.0±0.00a | 75.5±2.12b |
| M3 | 95.0±1.41a | 91.0±1.41a | 84.5±0.71a |
表6 不同生物活性物质对酿酒高粱种子出苗率的影响
Table 6 Effects of different bioactive substances on seedling emergence rate of brewing sorghum seed (%)
处理 Treatment | 金糯粱9号 Jinnuoliang No.9 | 泸糯8号 Lunuo No.8 | 红缨子 Hongyingzi |
|---|---|---|---|
| CK | 88.5±2.12bc | 73.0±1.41b | 68.5±2.12c |
| M1 | 87.0±2.83c | 73.0±1.41b | 67.5±0.71c |
| M2 | 93.0±1.41ab | 88.0±0.00a | 75.5±2.12b |
| M3 | 95.0±1.41a | 91.0±1.41a | 84.5±0.71a |
处理 Treatment | 金糯粱9号 Jinnuoliang No.9 | 泸糯8号 Lunuo No.8 | 红缨子 Hongyingzi |
|---|---|---|---|
| CK1 | 88.5±2.12d | 73.0±1.41c | 68.5±2.12d |
| CK2 | 95.0±1.41c | 91.0±1.41b | 84.5±0.71c |
| MH1 | 99.5±0.71a | 95.5±2.12ab | 93.0±2.83ab |
| MH2 | 98.5±0.71ab | 98.0±1.41a | 96.0±4.24a |
| MH3 | 95.0±0.00c | 94.5±3.54ab | 91.0±2.83abc |
| MS1 | 96.0±1.41bc | 92.0±2.83b | 88.5±3.54bc |
| MS2 | 96.5±0.71abc | 94.0±1.41ab | 91.5±2.12ab |
| MS3 | 98.0±1.41abc | 95.0±1.41ab | 94.0±2.83ab |
表7 不同功能材料对酿酒高粱种子出苗率的影响
Table 7 Effects of different functional materials on seed emergence rate of brewing sorghum (%)
处理 Treatment | 金糯粱9号 Jinnuoliang No.9 | 泸糯8号 Lunuo No.8 | 红缨子 Hongyingzi |
|---|---|---|---|
| CK1 | 88.5±2.12d | 73.0±1.41c | 68.5±2.12d |
| CK2 | 95.0±1.41c | 91.0±1.41b | 84.5±0.71c |
| MH1 | 99.5±0.71a | 95.5±2.12ab | 93.0±2.83ab |
| MH2 | 98.5±0.71ab | 98.0±1.41a | 96.0±4.24a |
| MH3 | 95.0±0.00c | 94.5±3.54ab | 91.0±2.83abc |
| MS1 | 96.0±1.41bc | 92.0±2.83b | 88.5±3.54bc |
| MS2 | 96.5±0.71abc | 94.0±1.41ab | 91.5±2.12ab |
| MS3 | 98.0±1.41abc | 95.0±1.41ab | 94.0±2.83ab |
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