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草业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (1): 1-12.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025087

• 研究论文 •    

三江源地区草地地上生物量时空变化及其对气候变化的响应

王喆1,2,3,4(), 王镜2,5(), 颉耀文3,4, 赵慧芳1,2, 校瑞香1,2, 宗萨才文求藏6   

  1. 1.青海省气象科学研究所,青海 西宁 810001
    2.青海省防灾减灾重点实验室,青海 西宁 810001
    3.兰州大学资源环境学院,甘肃 兰州 730000
    4.兰州大学寒旱区生态环境遥感研究中心,甘肃 兰州 730000
    5.西宁市气象局,青海 西宁 810001
    6.称多县气象局,青海 玉树 815100
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-20 修回日期:2025-04-21 出版日期:2026-01-20 发布日期:2025-11-13
  • 通讯作者: 王镜
  • 作者简介:E-mail: wang_jing1216@126.com
    王喆(1990-),女,陕西韩城人,硕士。E-mail: wangzh19@lzu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    青海省气象局面上项目(QXMS2024-43);青海省科技计划项目(2023-ZJ-733)

Spatio-temporal variation of grassland above-ground biomass and its response to climate change in the Three-River Source region

Zhe WANG1,2,3,4(), Jing WANG2,5(), Yao-wen XIE3,4, Hui-fang ZHAO1,2, Rui-xiang XIAO1,2, Cai-wen-qiu-zang ZONGSA6   

  1. 1.Institute of Qinghai Meteorological Science Research,Xining 810001,China
    2.Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Qinghai Province,Xining 810001,China
    3.College of Earth and Environmental Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China
    4.Center for Remote Sensing of Ecological Environments in Cold and Arid Regions,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China
    5.Xining Meteorological Bureau,Xining 810001,China
    6.Chindu County Meteorological Bureau,Yushu 815100,China
  • Received:2025-03-20 Revised:2025-04-21 Online:2026-01-20 Published:2025-11-13
  • Contact: Jing WANG

摘要:

为深入了解三江源地区草地地上生物量的时空变化及其对气候变化的响应,本研究基于2003-2022年青海省15个生态气象监测站的地面观测数据及遥感反演的草地地上生物量数据,系统分析了草地地上生物量的空间分布、年际变化趋势及其对生长季气温和降水变化的响应规律。研究结果表明:1)生态站数据显示,各站点多年平均草地地上生物量为606.4~7545.8 kg·hm-2,东部和南部站点草地地上生物量较高,西北部较低;2003-2022年,大多数站点草地地上生物量呈增加趋势,其中囊谦站增幅最显著。2)遥感结果显示,研究区草地地上生物量整体呈东南高、西北低的空间格局,高生物量区域主要位于东部,低生物量区域集中在北部和西南部;近20年来草地地上生物量整体呈微弱增加趋势,其中超过80%的区域变化不显著,6.84%的区域呈显著增加趋势,主要分布于东部和南部地区。3)偏相关分析结果表明,研究区草地地上生物量与生长季气温、生长季降水均呈正相关关系,与降水的相关性为0.24,与气温的相关性为0.10,生长季降水为研究区草地地上生物量增加的主要因素,且草地地上生物量与气温显著正相关区域主要分布于东部,与降水显著正相关区域集中于西部和北部。研究结果可为三江源地区草地生态保护、资源管理及应对气候变化提供重要科学依据与决策支持。

关键词: 草地地上生物量, 气候变化, 时空变化, 三江源地区

Abstract:

The aim of this research was to better understand the spatio-temporal dynamics of grassland above-ground biomass (AGB) and its response to climate change in the Three-River Source region. We integrated ground-based observations from 15 ecological and meteorological stations in Qinghai Province with remotely sensed AGB estimates from 2003 to 2022. We then systematically analyzed the spatial distribution, interannual trends, and the response of AGB to variations in growing-season temperature and precipitation. It was found that: 1) According to station observations, the multi-year average AGB ranged from 606.4 to 7545.8 kg·ha-1, with higher values at eastern and southern sites and lower values in the northwest. From 2003 to 2022, most stations exhibited an increasing trend in AGB, with the most significant increase observed at Nangqên station. 2) The remotely sensed results revealed a distinct spatial pattern of AGB characterized by higher values in the southeast and lower values in the northwest. High-biomass areas were mainly concentrated in the eastern part of the study region, whereas low-biomass areas were distributed in the north and southwest, with the lowest levels in the western alpine steppe. Over the past two decades, the regional AGB showed a weak increasing trend, with no significant change in more than 80% of the area, and a significantly increasing trend in 6.84% of the area-mainly in the east and south. 3) Partial correlation analysis showed that grassland AGB in the study area exhibited positive correlations with growing-season temperature and precipitation. Specifically, the correlation coefficient between AGB and growing-season precipitation (0.24) was higher than that between AGB and temperature (0.10), indicating that precipitation was the primary factor driving the increase in AGB in this region. Areas with significantly positive correlations between grassland AGB and temperature were mainly distributed in the eastern parts of the study area, whereas regions with significantly positive correlations between AGB and precipitation were concentrated in the western and northern areas. These findings provide a scientific basis and decision-making support for grassland conservation, resource management, and climate adaptation strategies in the Three-River Source region.

Key words: above-ground biomass of grassland, climate change, spatio-temporal variation, Three-River Source region