Acta Prataculturae Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (7): 228-239.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2025257
De-zhi LONG(
), Zeng-zhao LIU, Fei-ran ZHOU(
)
Received:2025-06-26
Revised:2025-10-23
Online:2026-07-20
Published:2026-05-21
Contact:
Fei-ran ZHOU
De-zhi LONG, Zeng-zhao LIU, Fei-ran ZHOU. Progress in research on the use of laccase to produce feed from cotton by-products[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2026, 35(7): 228-239.
| 酶源类型Enzyme source type | 代表酶Representative enzyme | pH值 pH value |
|---|---|---|
| 真菌漆酶Fungal laccase | 云芝漆酶Trametes versicolor laccase[ | 4.0~6.0 |
| 细菌漆酶Bacterial laccase | 植物乳杆菌漆酶Lactobacillus plantarum laccase[ | 4.0~7.0 |
| 微生物发酵Microbial fermentation | 芽孢杆菌漆酶Bacillus licheniformis laccase[ | 6.0~7.5 |
Table 1 pH catalyzed by laccases from different sources
| 酶源类型Enzyme source type | 代表酶Representative enzyme | pH值 pH value |
|---|---|---|
| 真菌漆酶Fungal laccase | 云芝漆酶Trametes versicolor laccase[ | 4.0~6.0 |
| 细菌漆酶Bacterial laccase | 植物乳杆菌漆酶Lactobacillus plantarum laccase[ | 4.0~7.0 |
| 微生物发酵Microbial fermentation | 芽孢杆菌漆酶Bacillus licheniformis laccase[ | 6.0~7.5 |
| 酶源类型Enzyme source type | 不同酶源代表物Representative enzymes from different sources | 适宜温度Suitable temperature |
|---|---|---|
| 真菌漆酶Fungal laccase | 变色栓菌同工酶T. versicolor isozymes[ | 60~70 ℃ |
| 杂色云芝同工酶Coriolus versicolor isozymes[ | 55~60 ℃ | |
| 细菌漆酶Bacteria laccase | 地衣芽孢杆菌B. licheniformis[ | 60 ℃左右About 60 ℃ |
| 龙舌兰芽孢杆菌B. tequilensis[ | 85 ℃左右About 85 ℃ | |
| 植物漆酶Plant laccase | 日本漆树Toxicodendron vernicifluum[ | 28 ℃左右About 28 ℃ |
| 基因工程漆酶Genetically engineered laccase | 重组漆酶Recombinant laccase[ | 55 ℃左右About 55 ℃ |
Table 2 Suitable temperature for laccase catalysis from different sources
| 酶源类型Enzyme source type | 不同酶源代表物Representative enzymes from different sources | 适宜温度Suitable temperature |
|---|---|---|
| 真菌漆酶Fungal laccase | 变色栓菌同工酶T. versicolor isozymes[ | 60~70 ℃ |
| 杂色云芝同工酶Coriolus versicolor isozymes[ | 55~60 ℃ | |
| 细菌漆酶Bacteria laccase | 地衣芽孢杆菌B. licheniformis[ | 60 ℃左右About 60 ℃ |
| 龙舌兰芽孢杆菌B. tequilensis[ | 85 ℃左右About 85 ℃ | |
| 植物漆酶Plant laccase | 日本漆树Toxicodendron vernicifluum[ | 28 ℃左右About 28 ℃ |
| 基因工程漆酶Genetically engineered laccase | 重组漆酶Recombinant laccase[ | 55 ℃左右About 55 ℃ |
酶源 Enzyme source | 目标底物 Target substrate | 典型酶浓度 Typical enzyme concentration | 温度 Temperature (℃) | pH | 反应时间 Reaction time (h) | 棉酚降解率 Gossypol degradation rate (%) | 介体使用 Mediator usage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 解淀粉芽孢杆菌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens[ | 游离棉酚 Free gossypol | 101.56 U·mL-1 | 55 | 4 | 2 | 94.57 | - |
| 98.73 | 2,2'-联氮-双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸) 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) | ||||||
| 细菌漆酶Spore coat protein A laccase (CotA laccase)[ | 脱脂棉籽粕中游离棉酚Free gossypol of defatted cottonseed meal | - | 37 | 7 | 1 | 100.00 | - |
真菌漆酶 Fungal laccase | 多酚类化合物Polyphenolic compounds | 广泛 Extensive | 50~60 | 酸性 Acidic (4.0~6.5) | 几十分钟至数小时不等Vary from tens of minutes to several hours | 因酶和条件而异Depends on the enzyme and conditions | - |
商业漆酶 Patented laccase[ | 棉籽蛋白中游离棉酚Free gossypol of cottonseed protein | 1000~40000 U·L-1 | 20~40 | - | 10~30 | 未明确量化 Not clearly specified | 烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD)或过氧化氢(H2O2) Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide or hydrogen peroxide |
Table 3 Enzyme concentration, reaction time, and conditions for gossypol degradation by laccases from different sources
酶源 Enzyme source | 目标底物 Target substrate | 典型酶浓度 Typical enzyme concentration | 温度 Temperature (℃) | pH | 反应时间 Reaction time (h) | 棉酚降解率 Gossypol degradation rate (%) | 介体使用 Mediator usage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 解淀粉芽孢杆菌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens[ | 游离棉酚 Free gossypol | 101.56 U·mL-1 | 55 | 4 | 2 | 94.57 | - |
| 98.73 | 2,2'-联氮-双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸) 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) | ||||||
| 细菌漆酶Spore coat protein A laccase (CotA laccase)[ | 脱脂棉籽粕中游离棉酚Free gossypol of defatted cottonseed meal | - | 37 | 7 | 1 | 100.00 | - |
真菌漆酶 Fungal laccase | 多酚类化合物Polyphenolic compounds | 广泛 Extensive | 50~60 | 酸性 Acidic (4.0~6.5) | 几十分钟至数小时不等Vary from tens of minutes to several hours | 因酶和条件而异Depends on the enzyme and conditions | - |
商业漆酶 Patented laccase[ | 棉籽蛋白中游离棉酚Free gossypol of cottonseed protein | 1000~40000 U·L-1 | 20~40 | - | 10~30 | 未明确量化 Not clearly specified | 烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD)或过氧化氢(H2O2) Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide or hydrogen peroxide |
酶源类型 Enzyme source type | 代表菌株 Representative strains | 产酶周期 Enzyme production cycle | 酶活性 Enzyme activity (U·mL-1) | 优势 Advantage | 局限性 Shortcoming |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 天然真菌Natural fungal | 云芝T. versicolor[ | 7~14 d | 50~200 | 酶系丰富,底物广谱Rich enzyme system, broad substrate spectrum | 周期长,需要诱导剂Long cycle, need inducer |
| 基因工程细菌Genetically engineered bacterium | 枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis[ | 24~48 h | 100~500 | 发酵快,耐高温/碱性Fast fermentation, high temperature/alkaline resistance | 需优化分泌表达Secretory expression needs to be optimized |
| 重组酵母Recombinant yeast | 毕赤酵母Pichia pastoris[ | 3~5 d | 200~800 | 糖基化修饰,稳定性高Glycosylation modification, high stability | 成本较高Expensive cost |
| 极端环境菌株Extreme environment strains | 嗜热芽孢杆菌Bacillus thermophilus[ | 48~72 h | 80~300 | 耐高温(>80 ℃),适合工业反应High temperature resistance (>80 ℃), suitable for industrial reactions | 底物特异性窄Narrow substrate specificity |
Table 4 Performance comparison of different enzyme sources
酶源类型 Enzyme source type | 代表菌株 Representative strains | 产酶周期 Enzyme production cycle | 酶活性 Enzyme activity (U·mL-1) | 优势 Advantage | 局限性 Shortcoming |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 天然真菌Natural fungal | 云芝T. versicolor[ | 7~14 d | 50~200 | 酶系丰富,底物广谱Rich enzyme system, broad substrate spectrum | 周期长,需要诱导剂Long cycle, need inducer |
| 基因工程细菌Genetically engineered bacterium | 枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis[ | 24~48 h | 100~500 | 发酵快,耐高温/碱性Fast fermentation, high temperature/alkaline resistance | 需优化分泌表达Secretory expression needs to be optimized |
| 重组酵母Recombinant yeast | 毕赤酵母Pichia pastoris[ | 3~5 d | 200~800 | 糖基化修饰,稳定性高Glycosylation modification, high stability | 成本较高Expensive cost |
| 极端环境菌株Extreme environment strains | 嗜热芽孢杆菌Bacillus thermophilus[ | 48~72 h | 80~300 | 耐高温(>80 ℃),适合工业反应High temperature resistance (>80 ℃), suitable for industrial reactions | 底物特异性窄Narrow substrate specificity |
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