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Acta Prataculturae Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (11): 17-29.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2023048

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Effect of short-term nutrient addition on aboveground biomass, plant diversity, and functional traits of swampy alpine meadow in Tibet

Juan-juan ZHOU1,2(), Yun-fei LIU1,2, Jing-long WANG1,2, Wei WEI1,2()   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Highland Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement,Lhasa 850000,China
    2.Institute of Pratacultural Science,Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science,Lhasa 850000,China
  • Received:2023-02-14 Revised:2023-04-03 Online:2023-11-20 Published:2023-09-27
  • Contact: Wei WEI

Abstract:

Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are major nutrients required for plant growth and development. The addition of nutrients plays a key role in the improvement and rejuvenation of degraded grassland. In this study, we investigated the effect of short-term nutrient addition on the aboveground biomass, plant diversity, and functional traits of swampy Kobresia littledalei alpine meadows, either under long-term enclosure or mowed conditions. The study site was located in Jiaduo village of Damxung County, and the study began in April 2019. We also aimed to clarify the contributions of plant diversity and community-level functional traits to changes in aboveground biomass. The experiment consisted of short-term nutrient addition with a control (no nutrient addition) and four treatments: low-level N, high-level N, low-level N+P, and high-level N+P. Fertilizer was added in mid-May and early July in 2019 and 2020. It was found that the aboveground hay yield was increased by at least 39.3% and 98.9% by the addition of N and N+P, respectively. The aboveground biomass of Kobresia royleanaBlysmus sinocompressus, grass groups, and forb groups significantly increased after adding N+P, significantly more so than after adding N separately (P<0.05). The importance value of K. littledalei decreased, while the importance values of K. royleanaPoa sp., Potentilla anserine, and Primula tibetica increased. The addition of N+P significantly increased the species richness, Shannon-Wiener index, and Simpson’s index. Species richness and the Shannon-Wiener index showed highly significant positive correlations with aboveground biomass (P<0.01). Nutrient addition increased the plant height and N content at the community level (P<0.05), N+P addition significantly increased the leaf P content at the community level, increased leaf mass per unit area, and decreased leaf dry matter content. Plant height, leaf P content, and leaf N content were positively correlated with the aboveground biomass at the community level (P<0.01). The results of least squares structural equation and variance decomposition analyses showed that N addition had a significant positive effect on community-level weighted traits and aboveground biomass (P<0.05), while P addition had significant positive effects on community-level weighted traits, aboveground biomass, and plant diversity (P<0.05). The addition of N+P jointly determined the increase in aboveground biomass. The total contribution of plant functional traits and plant diversity to explanation of variation in aboveground biomass at the community level was 81.3%. The contribution of plant functional traits to explanation of variation in aboveground biomass at the community level was 78.5%, and that of plant diversity was 45.5%. In conclusion, plant functional traits and plant diversity jointly determined the response of aboveground biomass to N and P addition at the community level in swampy alpine meadow. The addition of N+P fertilizer had positive effects on the yield and biodiversity of alpine meadow grassland.

Key words: Tibetan plateau, nitrogen and phosphorus addition, swampy alpine meadows, species diversity, functional traits, aboveground biomass