Nutritional value and fermentation quality of different oat varieties in the Hulunbuir area

doi:10.11686/cyxb2020138

Abstract

Abstract:

The aim of these experiments was to select suitable oat varieties to produce high-quality silage in Hulunbeier. In a regional field trial in 2018， ten oat varieties （Baler， Meili， Longyan No.2， Longyan No.3， Yanwang， Qinghai 444， Bayan No.3， Lena， Baiyan No.7， Qingyin No.1） were planted in a random block design at the National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of the Hulunbeier Grassland Ecosystem， Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The oat plants were harvested at the ‘milky’ grain development stage， cut into 2 cm pieces， and stored in containers. After 60 days， the nutrient contents and fermentation index of the silages were determined. The dry matter （DM） yield was highest in Longyan No.2 （4905.45 kg·ha^-1）， and lowest in Qingyin No.1 （1773.65 kg·ha^-1）， and this difference was significant. The DM content of silages made from the ten oat varieties ranged from 30.73% to 45.47%. The DM content was highest in Longyan No.2 and lowest in Bayan No.3， and the difference between them was significant. The crude protein contents of Lena， Baylor， and Longyan No.2 were 12.63%， 12.46%， 12.41%， respectively， significantly higher than in the other varieties （P<0.05）. The acid detergent fiber content was significantly lower in Baler and Lena （25.11% and 26.11%， respectively） than in the other varieties （P<0.05）. The water soluble sugars （WSC） content ranged from 2.17% and 4.33% （average， 3.39%）. The WSC was highest in Baler and lowest in Yanwang， and differed significantly between these two varieties （P<0.05）. There were significant differences in fermentation quality among the ten different oat varieties （P<0.05）. Lena silage had the lowest pH， the highest lactic acid content （6.86%）， and the lowest contents of propionic acid， butyric acid， ammonia nitrogen， and total volatile fatty acids. The V-scores for the silages made from the ten oat varieties indicated that the fermentation quality of Longyan No.3， Lena， Longyan No.2， Qinghai 444， Meili， Qingyin No.1， Baiyan No.7， and Baler was excellent （V-scores>80）. Considering the yield， nutritional quality， and silage fermentation quality， Lena is a suitable oat variety for planting and processing into silage in the Hulunbuir area.

Key words: oat, variety, silage, yield, quality

Yan-zi XIAO, Li-jun XU, Xiao-ping XIN, Ren-qiqige WU, Lin SUN, Chao JIANG. Nutritional value and fermentation quality of different oat varieties in the Hulunbuir area[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2020, 29(12): 171-179.

Figures/Tables 6

References 42

1	Zhou Q L. Test of 16 oat introduced arieties in Alpine Pastoral Region of Tibet. Modern Agricultural Science and Technology， 2020（1）：33-34.
	周启龙. 16个燕麦品种在西藏高寒牧区的引种试验. 现代农业科技， 2020（1）： 33-34.
2	Du Z. Overview of current status of oat utilization in China. Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin， 2018， 24（20）： 54-57.
	杜忠.燕麦在中国的利用现状综述. 安徽农学通报， 2018， 24（20）： 54-57.
3	Song X M. Extraction and purification of β-glucan and fat acid analysis from oat. Lanzhou： Gansu Agricultural University， 2006.
	宋雪梅. 燕麦β-葡聚糖的提取、纯化及脂肪酸分析. 兰州：甘肃农业大学， 2006.
4	Yan Y F. Study on productivity performance and nutritional quality of different forage in Hetao Irrigation District. Beijing： Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences， 2016.
	闫亚飞. 河套灌区不同饲草生产性能与品质研究.北京：中国农业科学院， 2016.
5	Qi X D. Nutritional value and evaluation of oats in alpine pastoral area. Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine， 2012， 31（4）：100-101.
	祁学东. 高寒牧区燕麦营养价值及其评价. 畜牧兽医杂志， 2012， 31（4）： 100-101.
6	Chen X， Wu B， Zhang Z W， et al. Evaluation of adaptability and stability for important agronomic traits of oat germplasm resources. Journal of Plant Genetic Resources， 2016， 17（4）： 577-585.
	陈新，吴斌，张宗文，等. 燕麦种质资源重要农艺性状适应性和稳定性评价. 植物遗传资源学报， 2016， 17（4）： 577-585.
7	Guo J Z. Quality changes in alfalfa hay during curing and storage period. Zhengzhou： Henan Agricultural University， 2009.
	郭江泽.苜蓿青干草在调制和贮藏过程中的质量变化规律研究. 郑州：河南农业大学， 2009
8	Han M T. Studies on hay making and storage technologies of alfalfa and perennial ryegrass in Tibet. Nanjing： Nanjing Agricultural University， 2011.
	韩明通. 西藏地区紫花苜蓿和多年生黑麦草干草调制与贮藏技术的研究. 南京：南京农业大学， 2011.
9	Li L P. Scientifically modulate green hay to promote grassland development. Feed Industry， 2001， 22（5）： 31-32.
	李丽萍. 科学调制青干草促进草业发展. 饲料工业， 2001， 22（5）： 31-32.
10	White L M， Wight J R. Forage yield and quality of dry land grasses and legumes. Journal of Range Management， 1984， 37（3）： 233-236.
11	Wang H M. Silage characteristics of different plant communities grass on Hulunbeier prairie. Beijing： Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences， 2013.
	王红梅. 呼伦贝尔草原不同植物群落牧草青贮特性. 北京：中国农业科学院， 2013.
12	Wang K L， Wang Q Y， Wang S Y， et al. Effect of silage conditions on forage quality of alfalfa silage. Feed Research， 2015， 14： 4-7， 15.
	王坤龙，王千玉，王石莹，等. 青贮条件对紫花苜蓿青贮饲料饲用品质的影响.饲料研究， 2015， 14： 4-7， 15.
13	Yang Y G， Cheng T L， Yang X J， et al. Effects of different growth stages of three oat cultivars on the nutritive value of silage. Acta Agrestia Sinica， 2013， 21（4）： 683-688.
	杨云贵，程天亮，杨雪娇，等. 3个燕麦品种不同收获期对青贮饲草营养价值的影响.草地学报， 2013， 21（4）： 683-688.
14	Zhang Q Q， Liang Q W， Yang X F， et al. Effect of adding organic acids on fermentation and nutritional quality of oat silage.Feed Research， 2019， 42（4）： 84-86.
	张晴晴，梁庆伟，杨秀芳，等. 添加有机酸对燕麦青贮发酵和营养品质的影响. 饲料研究， 2019， 42（4）： 84-86.
15	Guo T. Effect of four additives on the silage of oats. Yangling： Northwest A & F University， 2014.
	郭婷. 四种添加剂对燕麦青贮效果的影响. 杨凌：西北农林科技大学， 2014.
16	Ju Z L， Zhao G Q， Chai J K， et al. Comprehensive evaluation of nutritional value and silage fermentation quality of different oat varieties in central Gansu Province. Acta Prataculturae Sinica， 2019， 28（9）： 77-86.
	琚泽亮，赵桂琴，柴继宽，等. 不同燕麦品种在甘肃中部的营养价值及青贮发酵品质综合评价. 草业学报， 2019， 28（9）： 77-86.
17	Chai J K， Zhao G Q， Shi S L， et al. Adaptability evaluation of seven oat varieties in cool semi-humid area of Huajialing， Gansu Province. Grassland and Turf， 2011， 31（2）： 1-6.
	柴继宽，赵桂琴，师尚礼，等. 7个燕麦品种在甘肃二阴区的适应性评价. 草原与草坪， 2011， 31（2）： 1-6.
18	Lin W J， Wu G F， Li C H， et al. Effects of cultivar and environment on nutritional quality of Chinese naked oats. Acta Agronomica Sinica， 2011， 37（6）： 1087-1092.
	林伟静，吴广枫，李春红，等. 品种与环境对我国裸燕麦营养品质的影响.作物学报， 2011， 37（6）： 1087-1092.
19	Jia T T， Wu Z， Yu Z， et al. Effect of different lactic acid bacteria additives on the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of oat silage. Pratacultural Science， 2018， 35（5）： 1266-1272.
	贾婷婷，吴哲，玉柱，等. 不同类型乳酸菌添加剂对燕麦青贮品质和有氧稳定性的影响. 草业科学， 2018， 35（5）： 1266-1272.
20	Chen L M， Zhao G M， Liao X Y， et al. Comparison about yield and nutrient content of 7 oats cultivars in North-western Sichuan.Prataculture & Animal Husbandry， 2016， 19（2）： 19-23.
	陈莉敏，赵国敏，廖兴勇，等. 川西北7个燕麦品种产量及营养成分比较分析.草业与畜牧， 2016， 19（2）： 19-23.
21	Hou M L， Liu T Y， Sun L， et al. Study on mowing phenophase and stubble height of alfalfa hay in North China. Grassland and Prataculture， 2016， 28（2）： 43-51.
	侯美玲，刘庭玉，孙林，等. 华北地区紫花苜蓿适宜刈割物候期及留茬高度的研究.草原与草业， 2016， 28（2）： 43-51.
22	Van Soest V P J， Robertson J B， Lewis B A. Methods for dietary fiber，neutral detergent fiber and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science， 1991， 74（10）： 3583-3597.
23	Horwitz W L J G. Official methods of analysis of AOAC international. Gaithersburg， MD： AOAC International， 2005.
24	Playne M J， McDonald P. The buffering constituents of herbage and silage. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture， 1966， 17（6）： 264-268.
25	Arthur T T. An automated procedure for the determination of soluble carbohydrates in herbage.Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture， 1997， 28： 639-642.
26	Cai Y M. Analysis method for silage. Tokyto： Thosho Printing， 2004： 279-282.
27	Broderica G A K J H. Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media. Journal of Dairy Science， 1980（33）： 64-75.
28	Guo X，Qi S，Niu H，et al. Production performance and agronomic traits of four oat varieties in the Yellow River Beach Area. Animal Husbandry and Feed Science， 2019， 40（8）： 38-41.
	郭孝，齐爽，牛晖，等. 4个燕麦品种在黄河滩区生产性能和农艺性状的研究. 畜牧与饲料科学， 2019， 40（8）： 38-41.
29	Wu J Y， Liu J H， Wang H D， et al. Yield performance of different oat varieties and correlation of its components. Crops， 2011（5）：36-40.
	武俊英，刘景辉，王怀栋，等.不同燕麦品种产量及其与构成因素的相关性研究.作物杂志， 2011（5）： 36-40.
30	Zhao N， Zhao X F， Zhao L X， et al. Adaptability evaluation of different avena sativa varieties in Bashang， Hebei Province. Acta Agrestia Sinica， 2009， 17（1）： 68-73.
	赵宁，赵秀芳，赵来喜，等.不同燕麦品种在坝上地区的适应性评价. 草地学报， 2009， 17（1）： 68-73.
31	Zhang G Y， Ma H P， Shao X M， et al. A comparative study of yield and nutritive value of nine imported oat varieties in the Valley Region of Tibet， China. Acta Prataculturae Sinica， 2019， 28（5）： 121-131.
	张光雨，马和平，邵小明，等. 西藏河谷区9个引进燕麦品种的生产性能和营养品质比较研究. 草业学报， 2019， 28（5）： 121-131.
32	Wang L， Zhang H J， Yu Z，et al. The fermentation quality of mixed silage of Medicago sativa and Roegneria turczaninovii. Pratacultural Science， 2011， 28（10）： 1888-1893.
	王林，张慧杰，玉柱，等. 苜蓿与直穗鹅观草混贮发酵品质研究. 草业科学， 2011， 28（10）： 1888-1893.
33	Mustafa A F， Seguin P. Effect of stage of maturity on ensiling characteristics andruminal nutrient degradability of oat silage. Archives of Animal Nutrition， 2003， 57（5）： 347-358.
34	Zhao S F， Tian C Y， Chen S P， et al. Study on appropriate mowing stages of naked oats variety as grass. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica， 2005（S1）： 132-134.
	赵世锋，田长叶，陈淑萍，等. 草用燕麦品种适宜刈割期的确定. 华北农学报， 2005（S1）： 132-134.
35	Buxton D R， Muck R E， Herrison J H， et al. Silage science and technology. Madison： Crop Science Society of America， 2003.
36	Muck R E. A lactic acid bacteria strain to improve aerobic stability of silages. Madison： Dairy Forage Research Center， 1996： 46-47.
37	Shao T， Zhang Z X， Shimojo M， et al. Comparison of fermentation characteristics of italian ryegrass and guineagrass during the early stage of ensiling. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences， 2005， 18（12）： 1727-1734.
38	He Z J， Yu H Y， Chen Z L， et al. Quality assessment of silage prepared with introduced forage in Ningnan Mountain Area. Animal Husbandry and Feed Science， 2018， 39（6）： 55-58， 77.
	何志军，于海洋，陈志龙，等. 宁南山区不同引进饲草青贮品质评价.畜牧与饲料科学， 2018， 39（6）： 55-58， 77.
39	Aisan A， Okamoto M， Yoshihira T， et al. Effect of ensiling with acremonium cellulase， lactic acid bacteria and formic acid on tissue structure of timothy and alfalfa. Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences， 1997， 10（6）： 593-598.
40	Mcdonald P， Henderson A R， Heron S J E. The biochemistry of silage. Marlow， UK： Chalcombe Publish， 1991.
41	Kaiser E， Weib K， Krausc R. Criterions to judge fermentation quality of grass silages. Proceedings of the Society for Nutritional Physiology， 2000（9）： 94-101.
42	Li Y H. The application of the correspondence analysis technique in the market research. Sci-Tech Information Development & Economy， 2006， 21（16）： 164-165.
	李焱华. 对应分析技术在市场研究中的应用. 科技情报开发与经济， 2006， 21（16）： 164-165.

品种 Varieties	氨态氮/总氮 Ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen (y_N, %)	乙酸+丙酸 Acetic acid+propionic acid (y_AP)	丁酸 Butyric acid (y_B)	V-Score (Y=y_N+y_AP+y_B)
贝勒Baler	50.00±3.03a	0.00d	30.40±3.67bcd	80.49±1.59c
魅力Meili	50.00±0.00a	0.00d	36.00±3.49ab	86.07±4.12abc
陇燕2号Longyan No.2	50.00±0.00a	3.41±0.25a	33.61±1.39ab	87.01±1.53a
陇燕3号Longyan No.3	50.00±0.83a	3.14±0.15ab	34.67±1.22ab	87.77±0.84a
燕王Yanwang	50.00±0.00a	2.33±0.18b	26.67±0.92d	78.99±1.09d
青海444 Qinghai 444	50.00±0.32a	0.00d	36.53±1.22a	86.53±3.29abc
巴燕3号Bayan No.3	47.38±0.92b	0.51±0.08c	29.33±3.78d	77.23±1.93d
林纳Lena	50.00±0.00a	3.54±0.16a	33.87±2.01ab	87.40±1.23a
白燕7号Baiyan No.7	50.00±0.24a	0.72±0.77c	29.87±1.67c	80.58±1.91c
青引1号Qingyin No.1	50.00±0.00a	0.00d	31.73±6.21b	81.73±6.22b

品种 Varieties	氨态氮/总氮 Ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen (y_N, %)	乙酸+丙酸 Acetic acid+propionic acid (y_AP)	丁酸 Butyric acid (y_B)	V-Score (Y=y_N+y_AP+y_B)
贝勒Baler	50.00±3.03a	0.00d	30.40±3.67bcd	80.49±1.59c
魅力Meili	50.00±0.00a	0.00d	36.00±3.49ab	86.07±4.12abc
陇燕2号Longyan No.2	50.00±0.00a	3.41±0.25a	33.61±1.39ab	87.01±1.53a
陇燕3号Longyan No.3	50.00±0.83a	3.14±0.15ab	34.67±1.22ab	87.77±0.84a
燕王Yanwang	50.00±0.00a	2.33±0.18b	26.67±0.92d	78.99±1.09d
青海444 Qinghai 444	50.00±0.32a	0.00d	36.53±1.22a	86.53±3.29abc
巴燕3号Bayan No.3	47.38±0.92b	0.51±0.08c	29.33±3.78d	77.23±1.93d
林纳Lena	50.00±0.00a	3.54±0.16a	33.87±2.01ab	87.40±1.23a
白燕7号Baiyan No.7	50.00±0.24a	0.72±0.77c	29.87±1.67c	80.58±1.91c
青引1号Qingyin No.1	50.00±0.00a	0.00d	31.73±6.21b	81.73±6.22b

[1]	Mei-ling SONG, Yu-qin WANG, Hong-sheng WANG, Gen-sheng Bao. Effect of Epichloë endophyte on the litter decomposition of Stipa purpurea in alpine grassland [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(9): 150-158.
[2]	Jing-dong ZHAO, Wuyunna, Yan-tao SONG. Effect of short-term fencing on the forage quality of plant communities in degraded grassland in Northwestern Liaoning [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(9): 51-61.
[3]	Jun-nian LI, Shao-hua KANG, Dong-mei YANG, Qian HE, Shuang LI, Shuang-lun TAO. Effects of substituting dietary alfalfa meal with kudzu vine （Pueraria lobata） meal on serum biochemical indexes， apparent nutrient digestibility and growth performance in Boer crossbred goats [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(8): 146-153.
[4]	Yuan-yuan WEN, Mei-qi ZHANG, Tao-tao LIU, Yi-zhao SHEN, Yan-xia GAO, Qiu-feng LI, Yu-feng CAO, Jian-guo LI. Associative effects between whole crop maize silage and mixed silage made from raw potato crisp processing by-product and rice straw as determined using an in vitro gas production technique [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(8): 154-163.
[5]	Dong-mei YANG, Jun-nian LI, Shuang-lun TAO. Effects of tannic acid addition on the aerobic stability and mycotoxin content of kudzu vine silage [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(8): 164-170.
[6]	Hui-long LIN, Yan-fei PU, Dan-ni WANG, Hai-li MA. Index insurances for grasslands： A review and the Chinese scheme design [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(8): 171-185.
[7]	Xiang GUO, De-kui CHEN, Na CHEN, Yun LI, Xiao-yang CHEN, Qing ZHANG. Effect of moisture content and additives on the fermentation quality of Neolamarckia cadamba leaf silage [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(8): 199-205.
[8]	Jing-dong ZHAO, Yan-tao SONG, Xin-lei XU, Wuyunna. Effects of nitrogen application and mowing on yield and quality of forage in degraded grassland in northwest Liaoning Province [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(8): 36-48.
[9]	Qiang XU, Xin-hui TIAN, Wen-hua DU. Effects of mixed sowing of rye and common vetch on forage yield and nutrient quality in alpine pastoral areas [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(8): 49-59.
[10]	Yu-xia WANG, Jin-long CHAI, Yang-yang ZHOU, Chang-lin XU, Lin WANG, Xiao-jun YU. Effects of planting method on seed yield and its components in Medicago ruthenica in an arid area of Longzhong [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(8): 60-72.
[11]	Xue WANG, Xiao-jing LIU, Ya-jiao ZHAO, Jing WANG. Nitrogen utilization and interspecific feedback characteristics of intercropped alfalfa/oat with different root barriers [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(8): 73-85.
[12]	Xin-lei XU, Yan-tao SONG, Jing-dong ZHAO, Yun-na WU. Changes in forage quality and its relationship with plant diversity under fertilization and mowing in Hulun Buir meadow steppe [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(7): 1-10.
[13]	Wang-bin SUN, Qi FU, Rui-lin XUE, Wei-ping WANG, Qian ZHANG, Ping FENG. Effects of different levels of jujube powder on slaughter characteristics and meat quality of Northern Shaanxi white cashmere goats [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(7): 111-121.
[14]	Shi-yu ZOU, Si-kui CHEN, Qi-yuan TANG, Dong CHEN, Yuan-wei CHEN, Pan DENG, Xu-lai HUANG, Fu-qiang LI. Effects of silage additives on quality and in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics of first season ratoon rice whole silage [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(7): 122-132.
[15]	Xiang YIN, Yong-qi WANG, Xin-qin LI, Jing TIAN, Xiao-ya WANG, Jian-guo ZHANG. Effects of various moisture-absorbing roughages on the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of napier grass silage [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2021, 30(7): 133-138.