Effects of broad-leaved grass inhibitors combined with nitrogen on soil characteristics of alpine meadow

doi:10.11686/cyxb2022335

Abstract

Abstract:

This research investigated the effects of application of broad-leaved grass inhibitor and nitrogen on soil characteristics in a Gannan Alpine Meadow. The aim was to determine the optimal ratio of inhibitor concentration and nitrogen application for alpine meadow husbandry， so as to provide a scientific basis for the sustainable development of grassland and animal industries in alpine regions by exploring the effects of different concentrations of broad-leaved grass inhibitors （0， 0.9， 1.5 and 2.1 kg·ha^-1 42.5% MCPA and fluroxypyr） and different nitrogen levels （0， 75， 150 and 225 kg·ha^-1 Urea N≥46.0%） on the soil nutrients and enzyme activities of the alpine meadow. It was found that higher concentration of inhibitor （2.1 kg·ha^-1） had adverse effects on soil available N， available K and available P， which were decreased （P<0.05） by 4.89%， 11.52% and 14.19%， respectively， compared with the control. However， soil organic matter increased by 11.74% compared with the control and no significant difference was found for pH. Nitrogen addition alone， especially at a high rate （225 kg·ha^-1）， had significant effects on available N， available P and urease， which were increased （P<0.05） by 4.98%， 53.01% and 11.28%， respectively， compared with the control. However， nitrogen addition had no significant impact on the soil organic matter， available K and the pH levels. There were significant or extremely significant interaction effects of combined inhibitor and nitrogen addition on soil parameter except pH. Moreover， all soil indexes decreased at each level of nitrogen addition in combination with the high concentration inhibitor （Y₃， 2.1 kg·ha^-1）， which indicated that high concentration inhibitor significantly counteracted the effect of nitrogen addition. According to a multivariate Grey correlation analysis， high nitrogen （225 kg·ha^-1） combined with a low concentration inhibitor （0.9 kg·ha^-1） provides an obvious improvement to soil fertility. In this study， we provide a grassland management framework suitable for the alpine meadow area of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.

Key words: Alpine meadow, broad-leaved grass inhibitors, nitrogen addition, soil nutrients, enzyme activity

Xin LU, Juan QI, Shang-li SHI, Mei-mei CHE, Xia LI, Shuang-shuang DU, Ning-gang SAI, Yan-wei JIA. Effects of broad-leaved grass inhibitors combined with nitrogen on soil characteristics of alpine meadow[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2023, 32(7): 38-48.

Figures/Tables 11

References 30

1	Li X P， Li J H， Liu Y G， et al. The vegetation and soil microorganism characteristics of different degrade grassland in Gannan steppe. Acta Agrestia Sinica， 2020， 28（5）： 1252-1259.
	李雪萍，李建宏，刘永刚，等. 甘南草原不同退化草地植被和土壤微生物特性. 草地学报， 2020， 28（5）： 1252-1259.
2	Liu Y H， Wei W D， Yang Y W， et al. Characteristics of plant functional groups of degraded alpine meadow in the source region of Three Rivers， China. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences， 2019， 47（1）： 286-291.
	刘育红，魏卫东，杨元武，等. 三江源区退化高寒草甸植物功能群特征. 江苏农业科学， 2019， 47（1）： 286-291.
3	Liu Q， Wurenqiqige， Xi Q H， et al. Study on the effects of root cutting and fertilizer regulation on vegetation improvement in degraded Leymus chinensis meadow steppe. Chinese Journal of Grassland， 2021， 43（10）： 18-28.
	刘琼，乌仁其其格，席青虎，等. 切根与肥力调控对退化羊草草甸草原植被改良效果研究. 中国草地学报， 2021， 43（10）： 18-28.
4	De K J. Effect of fertilization on primary productivity and soil nutrients of alpine meadow in Three River Source Region. Lanzhou： Gansu Agricultural University， 2014.
	德科加. 施肥对三江源区高寒草甸初级生产力和土壤养分的影响. 兰州：甘肃农业大学， 2014.
5	Xue Y W. Effects of fertilization on vegetation and soil of degraded grassland on Northern Tibetan Plateau. Lhasa： Tibet University， 2011.
	薛永伟. 施肥对藏北退化草地植被特征和土壤的影响. 拉萨：西藏大学， 2011.
6	Wang P， Zhu W W， Niu Y B， et al. Effects of nitrogen addition on plant community composition and microbial biomass ecological stoichiometry in a desert steppe in China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology， 2019， 43（5）： 427-436.
	王攀，朱湾湾，牛玉斌，等. 氮添加对荒漠草原植物群落组成与微生物生物量生态化学计量特征的影响. 植物生态学报， 2019， 43（5）： 427-436.
7	He D， Li X L， Wan L Q， et al. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on biomass and the important values of the main species in degraded grassland. Chinese Journal of Grassland， 2009， 31（5）： 42-46.
	何丹，李向林，万里强，等. 施氮对退化天然草地主要物种地上生物量和重要值的影响. 中国草地学报， 2009， 31（5）： 42-46.
8	Zhou J. Influence of long term nitrogen fertilization on microorganisms and major N-cycling related communities in black soil in Northeast China. Beijing： China Agricultural University， 2017.
	周晶. 长期施氮对东北黑土微生物及主要氮循环菌群的影响. 北京：中国农业大学， 2017.
9	Yun H F. Effects of soil loosening and fertilization on characteristics of plant communities and soil in degraded meadow steppe in Xilingol. Hohhot： Inner Mongolia University， 2021.
	云海峰. 松土与施肥对锡林郭勒退化草甸草原植物群落和土壤及酶活性的影响. 呼和浩特：内蒙古大学， 2021.
10	Tong S P. Effects of different improvement measures on biomass and plant community diversity of alpine degraded grassland in Northern Tibet. Lhasa： Tibet University， 2019.
	仝淑萍. 不同改良措施对藏北高寒退化草地生物量和植物群落多样性的影响. 拉萨：西藏大学， 2019.
11	Che M M. Effects of inhibitors and nitrogen addition on community characteristics， quality and seed yield of Elymus nutans in alpine meadow. Lanzhou： Gansu Agricultural University， 2022.
	车美美. 抑制剂和氮素添加对高寒草甸群落特征、垂穗披碱草品质及种子产量的影响. 兰州：甘肃农业大学， 2022.
12	Bao S D. Soil agrochemistry analysis. Beijing： China Agriculture Press， 2000： 25-114.
	鲍士旦. 土壤农化分析. 北京：中国农业出版社， 2000： 25-114.
13	Guan S Y. Soil enzyme and its methodology. Beijing： China Agriculture Press， 1986： 19-40.
	关松荫. 土壤酶及其研究方法. 北京：农业出版社， 1986： 19-40.
14	Yue L N， Shi S L， Qi J， et al. Effects of no-tillage reseeding on productivity and nutritional quality of degraded grassland in Northern China. Acta Agrestia Sinica， 2021， 29（11）： 2583-2590.
	岳丽楠，师尚礼，祁娟，等. 免耕补播对北方退化草地生产力及营养品质的影响. 草地学报， 2021， 29（11）： 2583-2590.
15	She T， Tian Y. Effects of litter diversity on decomposition process and soil microbial characteristics in forest ecosystems. Ecological Science， 2020， 39（1）： 213-223.
	佘婷，田野. 森林生态系统凋落物多样性对分解过程和土壤微生物特性影响研究进展. 生态科学， 2020， 39（1）： 213-223.
16	Wang N. Effect of N dosage on the soil microbial characteristics and its organic C components from a corn field. Changchun： Jilin Agricultural University， 2015.
	王楠. 氮素用量对玉米田土壤微生物学特性及有机碳组分特征影响. 长春：吉林农业大学， 2015.
17	Walker M D， Webber P J， Arnold E H， et al. Effects of interannual climate variation on aboveground phytomass in alpine vegetation. Ecology， 1994， 75（2）： 393-408.
18	Cao W X， Li W， Li X L， et al. Effects of nitrogen fertilization on plant community structure and soil nutrient in alpine meadow-steppe. Journal of Desert Research， 2015， 35（3）： 658-666.
	曹文侠，李文，李小龙，等. 施氮对高寒草甸草原植物群落和土壤养分的影响. 中国沙漠， 2015， 35（3）： 658-666.
19	Baoyintaogetao， Liu M L， Bao Q H， et al. Effect of N addition on plant community structure and index of grassland quality of typical steppe mown grassland. Acta Prataculturae Sinica， 2011， 20（1）： 7-14.
	宝音陶格涛，刘美玲，包青海，等. 氮素添加对典型草原区割草场植物群落结构及草场质量指数的影响. 草业学报， 2011， 20（1）： 7-14.
20	Jiang L G， Huang M， Song Q Y， et al. Research on nitrogen fertilizer application recommended method based on soil organic matter in dryland wheat production. Scientia Agricultura Sinica， 2020， 53（10）： 2020-2033.
	蒋龙刚，黄明，宋庆赟，等. 基于土壤有机质含量推荐的旱地冬小麦施氮量研究. 中国农业科学， 2020， 53（10）： 2020-2033.
21	Dai J Z. Effects of root-cutting and fertilization on vegetation and soil in mowing pasture of Leymus chinensis meadow steppe. Hohhot： Inner Mongolia Agricultural University， 2016.
	代景忠. 切根与施肥对羊草草甸草原割草场植被与土壤的影响. 呼和浩特：内蒙古农业大学， 2016.
22	Du Q F. The responses of degraded typical steppe vegetation and soil to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizations in Inner Mongolia. Chongqing： Southwest University， 2017.
	杜青峰. 内蒙古退化典型草原植被和土壤对氮磷肥配施的响应. 重庆：西南大学， 2017.
23	Zhang C J， Shi S L， Kang W J， et al. Characteristics of soil enzyme activity and its relationship with chemical properties under different rotation pattern. Chinese Journal of Grassland， 2020， 42（5）： 92-102.
	张成君，师尚礼，康文娟，等. 不同轮作模式土壤酶活性特征及与化学性质的关系. 中国草地学报， 2020， 42（5）： 92-102.
24	Qin Y， Liu W H， He F， et al. Influence of fertilization and root cutting on soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities in a degraded Leymus chinensis steppe. Acta Prataculturae Sinica， 2019， 28（1）： 5-14.
	秦燕，刘文辉，何峰，等. 施肥与切根对退化羊草草原土壤理化性质和酶活性的影响. 草业学报， 2019， 28（1）： 5-14.
25	Qin J H， Zhang Y， Zhao Y C， et al. Soil physicochemical properties and variations of nutrients and enzyme activity in the degrading grasslands in the upper reaches of the Heihe River， Qilian Mountains. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology， 2014， 36（2）： 335-346.
	秦嘉海，张勇，赵芸晨，等. 祁连山黑河上游不同退化草地土壤理化性质及养分和酶活性的变化规律. 冰川冻土， 2014， 36（2）： 335-346.
26	Cui H P， Zhao G Q， Liu H. Effects of herbicide on the activities of urease and alkaline phosphatase in oat field. Chinese Journal of Grassland， 2014， 36（1）： 37-43.
	崔荟萍，赵桂琴，刘欢. 除草剂对燕麦田土壤脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性的影响. 中国草地学报， 2014， 36（1）： 37-43.
27	Zhou X B， Zhang Y M， Tao Y， et al. Responses of soil enzyme activities and microbial biomass N to simulated N deposition in Gurbantunggut Desert. Acta Ecologica Sinica， 2011， 31（12）： 3340-3349.
	周晓兵，张元明，陶冶，等. 古尔班通古特沙漠土壤酶活性和微生物量氮对模拟氮沉降的响应. 生态学报， 2011， 31（12）： 3340-3349.
28	Cheng Y N， Wang Z D， Ren X J， et al. Impact of haloxyfop-R-methyl on microbial respiration and enzyme activities in fluvio-aquic soil. Journal of Agro-Environment Science， 2021， 40（5）： 1026-1033.
	程亚南，王振东，任秀娟，等. 高效氟吡甲禾灵对潮土微生物呼吸及酶活性的影响. 农业环境科学学报， 2021， 40（5）： 1026-1033.
29	Qin W X， Si G C， Lei T Z， et al. Influences of nitrogen fertilizer addition on soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences， 2021， 49（1）： 170-175.
	秦玮玺，斯贵才，雷天柱，等. 氮肥添加对土壤微生物生物量及酶活性的影响. 江苏农业科学， 2021， 49（1）： 170-175.
30	Zeng Y， Zhou L Q， Huang J S， et al. Enzymatic activity of mulberry garden soil using different nitrogen fertilizer treatments. Journal of Southern Agriculture， 2013， 44（2）： 253-256.
	曾艳，周柳强，黄金生，等. 不同氮肥处理对桑园土壤酶活性的影响. 南方农业学报， 2013， 44（2）： 253-256.

因素 Factor	F值 F value
因素 Factor	pH	有机质 Soil organic matter	碱解氮 Available N	有效磷 Available P	速效钾 Available K
Y	6.824	18.639**	5.593*	6.510*	14.560**
N	1.042	1.545	5.664**	76.435**	2.151
Y×N	1.986	5.862**	9.417**	44.735**	3.796**

因素 Factor	F值 F value
因素 Factor	pH	有机质 Soil organic matter	碱解氮 Available N	有效磷 Available P	速效钾 Available K
Y	6.824	18.639**	5.593*	6.510*	14.560**
N	1.042	1.545	5.664**	76.435**	2.151
Y×N	1.986	5.862**	9.417**	44.735**	3.796**

因素 Factor	pH	有机质 Soil organic matter （g·kg^-1）	碱解氮 Available N （mg·kg^-1）	有效磷 Available P （mg·kg^-1）	速效钾 Available K （mg·kg^-1）
Y₀	7.10±0.02a	66.14±1.40b	317.07±4.28ab	14.74±1.11a	274.18±6.21a
Y₁	7.10±0.02a	76.04±1.42a	328.66±6.69a	12.80±1.82b	273.27±5.94a
Y₂	7.06±0.05a	77.14±1.66a	315.88±5.72ab	14.62±1.86a	270.72±3.68a
Y₃	7.05±0.03a	73.91±1.35a	301.58±3.55b	12.91±1.65b	242.62±4.61b

因素 Factor	pH	有机质 Soil organic matter （g·kg^-1）	碱解氮 Available N （mg·kg^-1）	有效磷 Available P （mg·kg^-1）	速效钾 Available K （mg·kg^-1）
Y₀	7.10±0.02a	66.14±1.40b	317.07±4.28ab	14.74±1.11a	274.18±6.21a
Y₁	7.10±0.02a	76.04±1.42a	328.66±6.69a	12.80±1.82b	273.27±5.94a
Y₂	7.06±0.05a	77.14±1.66a	315.88±5.72ab	14.62±1.86a	270.72±3.68a
Y₃	7.05±0.03a	73.91±1.35a	301.58±3.55b	12.91±1.65b	242.62±4.61b

因素 Factor	pH	有机质 Soil organic matter （g·kg^-1）	碱解氮 Available N （mg·kg^-1）	有效磷 Available P （mg·kg^-1）	速效钾 Available K （mg·kg^-1）
N₀	7.08±0.02a	75.15±1.09a	306.57±3.93b	12.50±0.75b	265.23±9.03a
N₁	7.05±0.04a	72.16±2.46a	315.03±5.65a	10.73±0.99c	258.64±5.58a
N₂	7.02±0.04a	72.87±2.20a	319.75±6.18a	12.68±1.62b	265.14±4.20a
N₃	7.03±0.04a	73.06±1.73a	321.84±6.65a	19.14±1.78a	271.77±6.34a