Ion balance mechanism and transcriptome analysis of Elytrigia elongata in response to NaHCO3 stress

doi:10.11686/cyxb2024456

Abstract

Abstract:

Elytrigia elongata， due to its strong salt-alkali tolerance， is widely used to establish salt alkali pastures. This research explored the ion balance mechanism of E. elongata in response to salt-alkali stress， using the cultivar ‘Orbit’ as the experimental material， and 150 mmol·L^-1 NaHCO₃ to simulate alkali stress. The growth indexes and mineral contents （Na⁺， K⁺， Ca²⁺， Mg²⁺， Cl^-， SO₄^2- and NO₃^-） of seedlings were determined， and high-throughput Illumina Hiseq sequencing technology was used to perform transcriptomic analysis on leaves and roots after exposure to contrasting normal （CK） growth conditions and NaHCO₃ treatment for 24 hours. It was found that the root biomass and root-shoot ratio of E. elongata increased significantly under NaHCO₃ stress. RNA-Seq results showed that there were 1833 differentially expressed genes （DEGs） in the leaves and 1536 DEGs in the roots under NaHCO₃ treatment， and 140 genes were differentially expressed in both leaves and roots. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that DEGs in leaves and roots were significantly enriched in metabolic pathways related to antioxidant synthesis， ion binding， and phenylalanine， and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. DEGs related to ion binding pathways included BAK1， CIPK10， STRK1， WAK8， and multiple laccase genes （laccase-11 and laccase-3）， which may be involved in the response process of E. elongata to NaHCO₃ stress. In addition， physiological test results further demonstrate that the ion transport and distribution in the leaves and roots of E. elongata are affected. This was evidenced by a large accumulation of Na⁺ and a decrease in ability to absorb K⁺， resulting in a decrease in the ratio of Na⁺∶K⁺. The roots maintained tissue ion balance by improving the absorption and distribution capacity of other cations such as Ca²⁺， Mg²⁺ and Fe³⁺， so as to better adapt to the saline-alkali environment. The results of this study identify specific genes involved in salt-tolerance， and will be useful to inform molecular breeding of forage and other crops. These results also provide a theoretical underpinning for the promotion of E. elongata and the improvement and utilization of saline-alkali land.

Key words: alkali stress, Elytrigia elongata, differentially expressed gene, ion homeostasis

Ran ZHANG, Chen-zhuo LIU, Feng YUAN, Ya-ling LIU, Di DONG, Si-ning WANG, Bo-kun ZOU, Xiao-xia LI. Ion balance mechanism and transcriptome analysis of Elytrigia elongata in response to NaHCO₃ stress[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2025, 34(10): 174-186.

Figures/Tables 9

Table 1 Effect of NaHCO3 stress on growth indicators of E. elongata

处理

Treatment

地上部干重

Dry weight of aboveground （mg·10株^-1）

根系干重

Dry weight of root （mg·10株^-1）

根冠比

Root to shoot ratio

（%）

地上部含水量

The water content of aboveground （%）

根系含水量

The water content of root （%）

NaHCO₃

Fig.1 The number of different expression genes （DEGs） and Venn analysis

Fig.2 KEGG enrichment pathway of different expression genes （DEGs） in leaves and roots under NaHCO3 stress treatment

Fig.3 GO enrichment terms of different expression genes （DEGs） in leaves and roots under NaHCO3 stress treatment

Fig.4 Heat map analysis of ion pathway candidate genes in leaves and roots under NaHCO3 stress treatment and gene names

Fig.5 Effects of NaHCO3 stress on the contents of Na+， K+， Ca2+， Mg2+， Fe3+ and Cu2+ in leaves and roots of E. elongata

Fig.6 Effects of NaHCO3 stress on the contents of Cl-， NO3- and SO42- in leaves and roots of E. elongata

Table 2 Effects of NaHCO3 stress on ion allocation in the upper and underground parts of E. elongata

组织 Tissue	处理 Treatment	阳离子/Na⁺Cation/Na⁺					阴离子/Cl^-Anions/Cl^-
组织 Tissue	处理 Treatment	K⁺/Na⁺	Ca²⁺/Na⁺	Mg²⁺/Na⁺	Fe³⁺/Na⁺	Cu²⁺/Na⁺	NO₃^-/Cl^-	SO₄^2-/Cl^-
叶片 Leaf	CK	52.64±0.89	2.47±0.05	0.79±0.03	0.09±0.00	0.005±0.00	0.037±0.00	1.53±0.02
叶片 Leaf	NaHCO₃	9.54±0.05***	0.54±0.01***	0.14±0.00***	0.03±0.00***	0.002±0.00***	0.031±0.00*	2.12±0.12*
根 Root	CK	22.52±0.37	1.64±0.03	0.38±0.01	0.89±0.01	0.01±0.00	0.010±0.00	4.02±0.21
根 Root	NaHCO₃	3.87±0.03***	0.57±0.00***	0.18±0.00***	0.55±0.01***	0.002±0.00***	0.006±0.03**	5.02±0.24ns

Table 3 Effects of NaHCO3 stress on cation and anion transport in E. elongata

处理Treatment	S $K +, N a +$	S $C a 2 +, ? N a +$	S $M g 2 +, ? N a +$	S $F e 3 +, N a +$	S $C u 2 +, N a +$	S $N O 3 -, C l -$	S $S O 4 2 -, C l -$
CK	0.43±0.00	0.48±0.02	0.66±0.02	10.12±0.15	1.92±0.03	2.63±0.15	0.26±0.00
NaHCO₃	0.41±0.00**	1.32±0.05**	1.07±0.01***	19.36±0.43***	1.65±0.01**	2.37±0.23ns	0.20±0.01*

Table 3 Effects of NaHCO3 stress on cation and anion transport in E. elongata

处理Treatment	S $K +, N a +$	S $C a 2 +, ? N a +$	S $M g 2 +, ? N a +$	S $F e 3 +, N a +$	S $C u 2 +, N a +$	S $N O 3 -, C l -$	S $S O 4 2 -, C l -$
CK	0.43±0.00	0.48±0.02	0.66±0.02	10.12±0.15	1.92±0.03	2.63±0.15	0.26±0.00
NaHCO₃	0.41±0.00**	1.32±0.05**	1.07±0.01***	19.36±0.43***	1.65±0.01**	2.37±0.23ns	0.20±0.01*

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Ion balance mechanism and transcriptome analysis of Elytrigia elongata in response to NaHCO₃ stress

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