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草业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (4): 124-135.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2021035

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

添加剂种类和组合对晾晒后全株油菜青贮效果的影响

周迪1(), 杨帅1, 张欣欣1, 袁婧1, 高艳霞2, 李建国2, 汪波3, 周广生3, 傅廷栋3, 叶俊4, 杨利国1,5(), 滑国华1,5()   

  1. 1.华中农业大学动物科技学院,湖北 武汉 430000
    2.河北农业大学动物科技学院,河北 保定 071000
    3.华中农业大学植物科学技术学院,湖北 武汉 430000
    4.湖北省耕地质量与肥料工作总站,湖北 武汉 430000
    5.湖北省水牛工程中心,湖北 武汉 430000
  • 收稿日期:2021-01-26 修回日期:2021-03-22 出版日期:2022-04-20 发布日期:2022-01-25
  • 通讯作者: 杨利国,滑国华
  • 作者简介:huaguohua@mail.hzau.edu.cn
    Corresponding author. E-mail: 1592137597@qq.com
    周迪(1995-),男,湖北孝感人,硕士。E-mail: 2603585310@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0502005);现代农业产业技术体系专项和湖北省现代农业产业技术体系资助

Effects of additive types and combinations on silage quality of whole-plant rape after harvesting and air-drying

Di ZHOU1(), Shuai YANG1, Xin-xin ZHANG1, Jing YUAN1, Yan-xia GAO2, Jian-guo LI2, Bo WANG3, Guang-sheng ZHOU3, Ting-dong FU3, Jun YE4, Li-guo YANG1,5(), Guo-hua HUA1,5()   

  1. 1.College of Animal Science and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430000,China
    2.College of Animal Science and Technology,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,China
    3.College of Plant Science and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430000,China
    4.Hubei Province Cultivated Land Quality and Fertilizer Work Station,Wuhan 430000,China
    5.Hubei Province Buffalo Engineering Center,Wuhan 430000,China
  • Received:2021-01-26 Revised:2021-03-22 Online:2022-04-20 Published:2022-01-25
  • Contact: Li-guo YANG,Guo-hua HUA

摘要:

本研究旨在建立一种高效全株油菜青贮的方法。油菜在终花期刈割,就地晾晒3~4 d,水分降至70%以下后,利用不同添加剂方案进行青贮,从感官指标、化学成分和动物瘤胃降解率3个方面,综合评估了7种青贮添加剂(对照组、固体菌剂S组、液体菌剂L组、固体菌剂+液体菌剂SL组、固体菌剂+液体菌剂+玉米粉SLC组、固体菌剂+液体菌剂+红糖SLB组和玉米粉C组)的青贮效果。研究结果表明,各处理组和对照组青贮油菜感官评价指标均为优等,SLC和SLB组pH和水分在各青贮时期最稳定(P<0.05);化学组分分析结果表明SLC组中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量最低,干物质含量显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。青贮料瘤胃降解(尼龙袋法)试验表明,各组干物质、粗蛋白、中性和酸性洗涤纤维降解率随瘤胃消化时间的增加而提高(P<0.05),油菜青贮60 d时各组间瘤胃内干物质、粗蛋白、中性和酸性洗涤纤维降解率差异显著(P<0.05),其中SLC组在瘤胃(72 h)的降解率最高(P<0.05)。综上所述,全株油菜经刈割晾晒水分降至70%以下后,添加固体菌剂、液体菌剂和玉米粉进行青贮,能有效保存油菜营养价值并提高其瘤胃降解率。本研究为油菜青贮保存提供了技术支撑,对解决养牛业饲料资源短缺、促进“油改饲”工作进程具有重要意义。

关键词: 油菜, 青贮, 青贮添加剂, 瘤胃降解率

Abstract:

The aim of study was to develop an effective additive formulation for ensiling whole-plant rape. A rape crop was harvested at the final flowering stage and air-dried in the field for 3-4 days, then ensiled as the moisture content dropped below 70%, with different additives used in different silage batches. Fermentation outcomes were evaluated for seven additive treatments: Control (no additive), a solid inoculum treatment (S), a liquid inoculum treatment (L), a solid inoculum+liquid inoculum treatment (SL), a solid inoculum+liquid inoculum+corn flour treatment (SLC), a solid inoculum+liquid inoculum+brown sugar treatment SLB, and a corn meal treatment (C). Sensory characteristics, chemical composition and animal rumen degradation rate were measured and data was evaluated using multivariate analysis. It was found that the sensory characteristics of the silage rape were excellent in all treatments, including the control. As judged by pH and moisture data, the SLC and SLB treatments were the most stable (P<0.05). Analysis of chemical composition showed that neutral detergent fiber (P>0.05) and acid detergent fiber contents (P<0.05) were lowest in the SLC treatment, and that the dry matter content was significantly higher in SLC than in other treatments (P<0.05). Results from rumen degradation of silage samples using the nylon bag method showed that the degradation of dry matter, crude protein, neutral and acidic detergent fiber in all treatments increased with digestion time (P<0.05). After 60 days fermentation, the rumen degradation rate of dry matter, crude protein and neutral and acid detergent fiber differed significantly (P<0.05) between additive treatments, with the SLC treatment having the highest degradation rate (72 h) (P<0.05). In summary, whole-plant rape harvested and air-dried to a moisture content under 70% made stable, high quality silage. Addition of S, L or more complex SLC additives mixed thoroughly with the chopped rape further increased the whole-plant rape silage nutritional value and rumen digestibility. The study provides technical data on the preservation of rape silage, which has great potential to help address the shortage of feed resources in the herbivore animal industries and support the conversion of “oil-to-feed”.

Key words: rape, silage, silage additives, rumen degradation rate