草业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (9): 140-154.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2023416
• 研究论文 • 上一篇
贺世龙1,2(), 叶贺1,2, 李静1,2, 张雅玲1,2, 德海山1,2, 红梅1,2()
收稿日期:
2023-11-01
修回日期:
2023-12-06
出版日期:
2024-09-20
发布日期:
2024-06-20
通讯作者:
红梅
作者简介:
E-mail: nmczhm1970@126.com基金资助:
Shi-long HE1,2(), He YE1,2, Jing LI1,2, Ya-ling ZHANG1,2, Hai-shan DE1,2, Mei HONG1,2()
Received:
2023-11-01
Revised:
2023-12-06
Online:
2024-09-20
Published:
2024-06-20
Contact:
Mei HONG
摘要:
全球背景下的氮沉降和降水变化对荒漠草原生态系统产生巨大影响。为探究不同时限氮沉降和降水变化对荒漠草原中小型土壤节肢动物群落结构与多样性的影响,于2015年在内蒙古四子王旗短花针茅荒漠草原设置主区为减雨(R)、自然降水(CK)、增雨(W)3个水分梯度,副区为N0、N30、N50、N100 4个氮素梯度的模拟试验,对比分析2016、2020年土壤节肢动物变化。结果表明:2016年在样地内共捕获并分离中小型土壤节肢动物553只,隶属节肢动物门的10目46科;2020年在样地内共捕获并分离中小型土壤节肢动物1211只,隶属节肢动物门的13目41科,其中24科与2016年不同;R处理下2016年N30处理下捕获数量最多,2020年N50处理中捕获数量最多;2016年中小型土壤节肢动物个体数量0~10 cm与10~20 cm土层比值为3.98,2020年比值为1.83,相比2016年下降了54%;WN50、WN100处理下2020年多样性指数、丰富度指数明显高于2016年,CKN50、CKN100处理下2020年优势度指数低于2016年,PCoA分析结果显示水分处理对荒漠草原中小型土壤节肢动物群落分布影响更为显著(P<0.05);冗余分析结果表明5年的水氮变化后土壤pH值与土壤节肢动物多样性及数量指标相关性增强。综上所述,在全球变化的大背景下,精确调控土壤pH值可以进一步影响土壤节肢动物在土壤生态系统中的功能。
贺世龙, 叶贺, 李静, 张雅玲, 德海山, 红梅. 不同时限氮沉降和降水变化对荒漠草原中小型土壤节肢动物群落结构与多样性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2024, 33(9): 140-154.
Shi-long HE, He YE, Jing LI, Ya-ling ZHANG, Hai-shan DE, Mei HONG. Effects of nitrogen deposition and precipitation changes in different time spans on community structure and diversity of soil meso- and micro-fauna in Stipa breviflora desert steppe[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2024, 33(9): 140-154.
处理 Treatment | pH | 速效磷含量 Available phosphorous content (AP, mg·kg-1) | 速效钾含量 Available potassium content (AK, mg·kg-1) | 硝态氮含量 Nitrate nitrogen content (NO3--N, mg·kg-1) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2016 | 2020 | 2016 | 2020 | 2016 | 2020 | 2016 | 2020 | |
RN0 | 8.73±0.05Aab | 8.76±0.02Aabc | 7.36±0.21Aab | 7.15±0.47Aab | 173.62±13.18Ab | 194.92±4.68Abc | 4.00±0.39Bc | 11.99±1.82Ab |
RN30 | 8.63±0.05Aabcd | 8.45±0.02Bf | 7.62±0.04Ab | 6.71±0.04Bab | 206.40±18.97Aab | 201.88±5.21Aabc | 6.09±0.63Bc | 45.15±7.29Ab |
RN50 | 8.56±0.03Acd | 8.52±0.02Aef | 5.71±0.31Acde | 7.48±0.60Aab | 214.43±11.05Aab | 218.13±9.82Aa | 6.65±1.48Bc | 46.13±10.40Ab |
RN100 | 8.46±0.03Ae | 8.30±0.07Ag | 7.55±0.29Aab | 7.53±0.73Aab | 193.69±8.77Ab | 203.87±11.97Aabc | 19.78±0.69Aa | 98.74±31.58Aa |
CKN0 | 8.66±0.03Babcd | 8.77±0.03Aabc | 5.45±1.45Ade | 6.90±0.86Aab | 185.00±0.69Bb | 206.52±3.31Aabc | 5.24±0.27Ac | 5.51±0.33Ab |
CKN30 | 8.52±0.05Be | 8.78±0.04Aabc | 6.05±0.28Aabcd | 6.00±0.18Abc | 185.00±2.92Ab | 204.53±9.72Aabc | 5.92±1.31Ac | 9.69±1.27Ab |
CKN50 | 8.64±0.04Aabcd | 8.62±0.04Ade | 9.39±0.13Aa | 6.38±0.39Bab | 210.07±0.69Aab | 199.56±9.48Aabc | 14.85±2.92Ab | 16.95±4.45Ab |
CKN100 | 8.67±0.02Aabcd | 8.66±0.05Acd | 5.31±0.16Be | 7.91±0.61Aa | 206.40±11.76Aab | 213.15±5.00Aab | 14.23±1.47Ab | 27.96±7.83Ab |
WN0 | 8.74±0.02Aa | 8.88±0.09Aa | 5.71±0.39Acde | 4.31±0.25Bd | 197.04±9.44Aab | 186.29±3.45Acd | 4.64±0.51Ac | 5.94±1.44Ab |
WN30 | 8.69±0.03Aabcd | 8.87±0.02Aa | 7.17±0.68Aabc | 4.39±0.35Bd | 200.38±8.11Aab | 184.63±3.37Acd | 5.54±1.02Ac | 7.41±2.08Ab |
WN50 | 8.59±0.06Bbcd | 8.85±0.01Aab | 6.74±0.68Aabcd | 4.94±0.13Acd | 242.53±36.51Aa | 188.61±0.88Acd | 6.62±0.71Bc | 13.79±2.28Ab |
WN100 | 8.69±0.05Aabc | 8.71±0.05Abcd | 7.54±0.45Aab | 4.84±0.16Bcd | 172.95±10.39Ab | 172.69±2.95Ad | 5.99±0.69Bc | 26.04±5.66Ab |
表1 2016、2020年不同氮梯度和降水条件下的土壤基本性质
Table 1 Basic soil properties under different nitrogen gradients and precipitation conditions in 2016 and 2020
处理 Treatment | pH | 速效磷含量 Available phosphorous content (AP, mg·kg-1) | 速效钾含量 Available potassium content (AK, mg·kg-1) | 硝态氮含量 Nitrate nitrogen content (NO3--N, mg·kg-1) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2016 | 2020 | 2016 | 2020 | 2016 | 2020 | 2016 | 2020 | |
RN0 | 8.73±0.05Aab | 8.76±0.02Aabc | 7.36±0.21Aab | 7.15±0.47Aab | 173.62±13.18Ab | 194.92±4.68Abc | 4.00±0.39Bc | 11.99±1.82Ab |
RN30 | 8.63±0.05Aabcd | 8.45±0.02Bf | 7.62±0.04Ab | 6.71±0.04Bab | 206.40±18.97Aab | 201.88±5.21Aabc | 6.09±0.63Bc | 45.15±7.29Ab |
RN50 | 8.56±0.03Acd | 8.52±0.02Aef | 5.71±0.31Acde | 7.48±0.60Aab | 214.43±11.05Aab | 218.13±9.82Aa | 6.65±1.48Bc | 46.13±10.40Ab |
RN100 | 8.46±0.03Ae | 8.30±0.07Ag | 7.55±0.29Aab | 7.53±0.73Aab | 193.69±8.77Ab | 203.87±11.97Aabc | 19.78±0.69Aa | 98.74±31.58Aa |
CKN0 | 8.66±0.03Babcd | 8.77±0.03Aabc | 5.45±1.45Ade | 6.90±0.86Aab | 185.00±0.69Bb | 206.52±3.31Aabc | 5.24±0.27Ac | 5.51±0.33Ab |
CKN30 | 8.52±0.05Be | 8.78±0.04Aabc | 6.05±0.28Aabcd | 6.00±0.18Abc | 185.00±2.92Ab | 204.53±9.72Aabc | 5.92±1.31Ac | 9.69±1.27Ab |
CKN50 | 8.64±0.04Aabcd | 8.62±0.04Ade | 9.39±0.13Aa | 6.38±0.39Bab | 210.07±0.69Aab | 199.56±9.48Aabc | 14.85±2.92Ab | 16.95±4.45Ab |
CKN100 | 8.67±0.02Aabcd | 8.66±0.05Acd | 5.31±0.16Be | 7.91±0.61Aa | 206.40±11.76Aab | 213.15±5.00Aab | 14.23±1.47Ab | 27.96±7.83Ab |
WN0 | 8.74±0.02Aa | 8.88±0.09Aa | 5.71±0.39Acde | 4.31±0.25Bd | 197.04±9.44Aab | 186.29±3.45Acd | 4.64±0.51Ac | 5.94±1.44Ab |
WN30 | 8.69±0.03Aabcd | 8.87±0.02Aa | 7.17±0.68Aabc | 4.39±0.35Bd | 200.38±8.11Aab | 184.63±3.37Acd | 5.54±1.02Ac | 7.41±2.08Ab |
WN50 | 8.59±0.06Bbcd | 8.85±0.01Aab | 6.74±0.68Aabcd | 4.94±0.13Acd | 242.53±36.51Aa | 188.61±0.88Acd | 6.62±0.71Bc | 13.79±2.28Ab |
WN100 | 8.69±0.05Aabc | 8.71±0.05Abcd | 7.54±0.45Aab | 4.84±0.16Bcd | 172.95±10.39Ab | 172.69±2.95Ad | 5.99±0.69Bc | 26.04±5.66Ab |
群落组成 Community composition | 个体密度 Individual density (ind·m-2) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
目 Order | 科 Family | R | CK | W | 总数 Total | |||||||||
N0 | N30 | N50 | N100 | N0 | N30 | N50 | N100 | N0 | N30 | N50 | N100 | |||
弹尾目Collembola | 等节?科Isotomidae | 169.85 | 254.78 | 84.93 | 169.85 | 169.85 | - | 594.48 | 169.85 | 594.48 | 594.48 | 84.93 | 84.93 | 2972.38 |
球角?科Hypogastruridae | - | 339.70 | - | - | 84.93 | - | 84.93 | - | - | 84.93 | - | - | 594.48 | |
长角?科Entomobryidae | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | - | - | 84.93 | |
疣?科Neanridae | 509.55 | 2123.13 | 1019.10 | 849.25 | 679.40 | 339.70 | 2972.38 | 1528.65 | 1698.50 | 3736.70 | 2123.13 | 2547.75 | 20127.23 | |
地蜈蚣目Ge ophilomorpha | 奥地蜈蚣科Oryidae | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | - | 169.85 |
等翅目Isoptera | 木螱科Kalotermitidae | - | 84.93 | 84.93 | 84.93 | 84.93 | - | 84.93 | 254.78 | - | 169.85 | 84.93 | 169.85 | 1104.03 |
甲螨亚目 Oribatida | 懒甲螨科Nothridae | - | 84.93 | - | - | 84.93 | - | - | - | 84.93 | - | - | - | 254.78 |
洼甲螨科Camissiidae | 254.78 | - | - | 169.85 | - | - | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | - | 509.55 | |
剑甲螨科Gustaviidae | - | - | - | - | - | 169.85 | 254.78 | - | 84.93 | 84.93 | 84.93 | - | 679.40 | |
尖棱甲螨科Chamobatidae | - | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | |
赫甲螨科Hermanniidae | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | - | - | - | 509.55 | - | - | 679.40 | |
阿斯甲螨科Astegistidae | 84.93 | - | - | 84.93 | 84.93 | 84.93 | - | - | 169.85 | 84.93 | - | - | 594.48 | |
泥甲螨科Peloppiidae | - | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | - | - | - | 84.93 | - | 169.85 | |
鲜甲螨科Cepheidae | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | |
盖头甲螨科Tectocepheidae | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | |
四奥甲螨科Quadroppiidae | - | - | - | - | - | - | 169.85 | 84.93 | - | 169.85 | - | - | 424.63 | |
真罗甲螨科Eulohmanniidae | - | - | 84.93 | - | 84.93 | 169.85 | - | - | - | 254.78 | - | - | 594.48 | |
礼服甲螨科Tr hypochthoniidae | 84.93 | - | 84.93 | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | - | 934.18 | 84.93 | - | 1273.88 | |
丽甲螨科Liacaridae | - | - | 84.93 | - | - | 84.93 | - | 169.85 | 84.93 | - | - | - | 424.63 | |
垂盾甲螨科Scutoverticidae | - | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 169.85 | 254.78 | |
奥甲螨科Oppiidae | - | 84.93 | 169.85 | 84.93 | - | 84.93 | 84.93 | 84.93 | - | - | 84.93 | - | 679.40 | |
步甲螨科Carabodidae | - | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | |
滑珠甲螨科Damaeolidae | - | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | |
单翼甲螨科Haplozetidae | - | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | |
缝甲螨科Hypochthoniidae | - | 84.93 | - | 84.93 | - | 84.93 | 84.93 | 169.85 | 84.93 | - | - | 169.85 | 764.33 | |
膜翅目Hymenoptera | 蚁科Formica | 84.93 | 84.93 | - | 254.78 | - | - | 84.93 | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | 594.48 |
前气门亚目 Prostigmata | 小黑螨科Caligonellidae | 84.93 | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | 84.93 | - | - | 339.70 |
微离螨科Microdispidae | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | |
赤螨科Erythraeidae | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 169.85 | - | - | 169.85 | |
绒螨科Trombidiidae | 84.93 | 424.63 | 84.93 | 169.85 | 254.78 | 84.93 | 84.93 | 84.93 | 169.85 | - | - | - | 1443.73 | |
隐鄂螨科Cryptognathidae | - | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | |
矮蒲螨科Pygmephoridae | 169.85 | 169.85 | - | - | 84.93 | - | - | 84.93 | 169.85 | 84.93 | 169.85 | - | 934.18 | |
肉食螨科Cheylrtidae | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | - | 169.85 | |
鞘翅目 Coleoptera larvae | 叩甲科Elatcridae | - | - | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 |
缨甲科Ptiliidae | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | - | 84.93 | - | - | - | 84.93 | 254.78 | |
金龟甲科Scarabaeidae | - | - | 84.93 | - | - | 84.93 | - | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | 254.78 | |
蚁甲科Pselaphidae | 84.93 | 84.93 | - | 84.93 | - | - | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | - | 339.70 | |
隐翅甲科Staphylinidae | 84.93 | - | 84.93 | - | - | - | 84.93 | 84.93 | - | 84.93 | - | 84.93 | 509.55 | |
缨翅目 Thysanoptera | 管蓟马科Phlaeothripidae | - | 339.70 | - | 169.85 | 764.33 | 679.40 | 254.78 | 339.70 | 509.55 | 764.33 | 169.85 | 169.85 | 4161.33 |
蜘蛛目Araneae | 逍遥蛛科Philodromidae | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | - | - | 84.93 |
中气门亚目 Mesostigmata | 美绥螨科 Ameroseiidae | - | 84.93 | - | 84.93 | 84.93 | 84.93 | 84.93 | 84.93 | 254.78 | - | - | 169.85 | 934.18 |
巨螯螨科Macrochelidae | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 254.78 | 84.93 | 84.93 | 424.63 | |
厚厉螨科Pachylaelapidae | - | - | - | 169.85 | 169.85 | - | 84.93 | 254.78 | - | 84.93 | - | 169.85 | 934.18 | |
寄螨科Parasitidae | - | 84.93 | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 169.85 | |
植绥螨科Phytoseiidae | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | - | 169.85 | - | 84.93 | - | 84.93 | - | 424.63 | |
厉瞒科Laelapidae | 84.93 | 84.93 | 339.70 | - | 84.93 | 84.93 | 84.93 | 509.55 | - | 84.93 | - | 84.93 | 1443.73 | |
个体密度Individual density (ind·m-2) | 2208.05 | 5010.58 | 2377.90 | 2547.75 | 2802.53 | 2292.98 | 5605.05 | 4161.33 | 4076.40 | 8407.58 | 3227.15 | 3991.48 | 46708.75 | |
类群数Group number | 17 | 22 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 20 | 17 | 13 | 20 | 12 | 12 |
表2 氮沉降和降水变化下土壤动物群落组成
Table 2 Community composition of soil fauna under changes in nitrogen deposition and precipitation (2016)
群落组成 Community composition | 个体密度 Individual density (ind·m-2) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
目 Order | 科 Family | R | CK | W | 总数 Total | |||||||||
N0 | N30 | N50 | N100 | N0 | N30 | N50 | N100 | N0 | N30 | N50 | N100 | |||
弹尾目Collembola | 等节?科Isotomidae | 169.85 | 254.78 | 84.93 | 169.85 | 169.85 | - | 594.48 | 169.85 | 594.48 | 594.48 | 84.93 | 84.93 | 2972.38 |
球角?科Hypogastruridae | - | 339.70 | - | - | 84.93 | - | 84.93 | - | - | 84.93 | - | - | 594.48 | |
长角?科Entomobryidae | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | - | - | 84.93 | |
疣?科Neanridae | 509.55 | 2123.13 | 1019.10 | 849.25 | 679.40 | 339.70 | 2972.38 | 1528.65 | 1698.50 | 3736.70 | 2123.13 | 2547.75 | 20127.23 | |
地蜈蚣目Ge ophilomorpha | 奥地蜈蚣科Oryidae | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | - | 169.85 |
等翅目Isoptera | 木螱科Kalotermitidae | - | 84.93 | 84.93 | 84.93 | 84.93 | - | 84.93 | 254.78 | - | 169.85 | 84.93 | 169.85 | 1104.03 |
甲螨亚目 Oribatida | 懒甲螨科Nothridae | - | 84.93 | - | - | 84.93 | - | - | - | 84.93 | - | - | - | 254.78 |
洼甲螨科Camissiidae | 254.78 | - | - | 169.85 | - | - | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | - | 509.55 | |
剑甲螨科Gustaviidae | - | - | - | - | - | 169.85 | 254.78 | - | 84.93 | 84.93 | 84.93 | - | 679.40 | |
尖棱甲螨科Chamobatidae | - | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | |
赫甲螨科Hermanniidae | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | - | - | - | 509.55 | - | - | 679.40 | |
阿斯甲螨科Astegistidae | 84.93 | - | - | 84.93 | 84.93 | 84.93 | - | - | 169.85 | 84.93 | - | - | 594.48 | |
泥甲螨科Peloppiidae | - | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | - | - | - | 84.93 | - | 169.85 | |
鲜甲螨科Cepheidae | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | |
盖头甲螨科Tectocepheidae | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | |
四奥甲螨科Quadroppiidae | - | - | - | - | - | - | 169.85 | 84.93 | - | 169.85 | - | - | 424.63 | |
真罗甲螨科Eulohmanniidae | - | - | 84.93 | - | 84.93 | 169.85 | - | - | - | 254.78 | - | - | 594.48 | |
礼服甲螨科Tr hypochthoniidae | 84.93 | - | 84.93 | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | - | 934.18 | 84.93 | - | 1273.88 | |
丽甲螨科Liacaridae | - | - | 84.93 | - | - | 84.93 | - | 169.85 | 84.93 | - | - | - | 424.63 | |
垂盾甲螨科Scutoverticidae | - | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 169.85 | 254.78 | |
奥甲螨科Oppiidae | - | 84.93 | 169.85 | 84.93 | - | 84.93 | 84.93 | 84.93 | - | - | 84.93 | - | 679.40 | |
步甲螨科Carabodidae | - | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | |
滑珠甲螨科Damaeolidae | - | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | |
单翼甲螨科Haplozetidae | - | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | |
缝甲螨科Hypochthoniidae | - | 84.93 | - | 84.93 | - | 84.93 | 84.93 | 169.85 | 84.93 | - | - | 169.85 | 764.33 | |
膜翅目Hymenoptera | 蚁科Formica | 84.93 | 84.93 | - | 254.78 | - | - | 84.93 | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | 594.48 |
前气门亚目 Prostigmata | 小黑螨科Caligonellidae | 84.93 | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | 84.93 | - | - | 339.70 |
微离螨科Microdispidae | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | |
赤螨科Erythraeidae | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 169.85 | - | - | 169.85 | |
绒螨科Trombidiidae | 84.93 | 424.63 | 84.93 | 169.85 | 254.78 | 84.93 | 84.93 | 84.93 | 169.85 | - | - | - | 1443.73 | |
隐鄂螨科Cryptognathidae | - | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | |
矮蒲螨科Pygmephoridae | 169.85 | 169.85 | - | - | 84.93 | - | - | 84.93 | 169.85 | 84.93 | 169.85 | - | 934.18 | |
肉食螨科Cheylrtidae | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | - | 169.85 | |
鞘翅目 Coleoptera larvae | 叩甲科Elatcridae | - | - | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 |
缨甲科Ptiliidae | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | - | 84.93 | - | - | - | 84.93 | 254.78 | |
金龟甲科Scarabaeidae | - | - | 84.93 | - | - | 84.93 | - | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | 254.78 | |
蚁甲科Pselaphidae | 84.93 | 84.93 | - | 84.93 | - | - | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | - | 339.70 | |
隐翅甲科Staphylinidae | 84.93 | - | 84.93 | - | - | - | 84.93 | 84.93 | - | 84.93 | - | 84.93 | 509.55 | |
缨翅目 Thysanoptera | 管蓟马科Phlaeothripidae | - | 339.70 | - | 169.85 | 764.33 | 679.40 | 254.78 | 339.70 | 509.55 | 764.33 | 169.85 | 169.85 | 4161.33 |
蜘蛛目Araneae | 逍遥蛛科Philodromidae | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | - | - | 84.93 |
中气门亚目 Mesostigmata | 美绥螨科 Ameroseiidae | - | 84.93 | - | 84.93 | 84.93 | 84.93 | 84.93 | 84.93 | 254.78 | - | - | 169.85 | 934.18 |
巨螯螨科Macrochelidae | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 254.78 | 84.93 | 84.93 | 424.63 | |
厚厉螨科Pachylaelapidae | - | - | - | 169.85 | 169.85 | - | 84.93 | 254.78 | - | 84.93 | - | 169.85 | 934.18 | |
寄螨科Parasitidae | - | 84.93 | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 169.85 | |
植绥螨科Phytoseiidae | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | - | 169.85 | - | 84.93 | - | 84.93 | - | 424.63 | |
厉瞒科Laelapidae | 84.93 | 84.93 | 339.70 | - | 84.93 | 84.93 | 84.93 | 509.55 | - | 84.93 | - | 84.93 | 1443.73 | |
个体密度Individual density (ind·m-2) | 2208.05 | 5010.58 | 2377.90 | 2547.75 | 2802.53 | 2292.98 | 5605.05 | 4161.33 | 4076.40 | 8407.58 | 3227.15 | 3991.48 | 46708.75 | |
类群数Group number | 17 | 22 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 20 | 17 | 13 | 20 | 12 | 12 |
群落组成 Community composition | 个体密度 Individual density (ind·m-2) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
目 Order | 科 Family | R | CK | W | 总数 Total | |||||||||
N0 | N30 | N50 | N100 | N0 | N30 | N50 | N100 | N0 | N30 | N50 | N100 | |||
半翅目Hemiptera | 长蝽科Lygaeidae | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 |
弹尾目Collembola | 等节?科Isotomidae | 84.93 | 84.93 | - | - | 339.70 | 509.55 | 849.25 | 169.85 | 84.93 | 1358.80 | 254.78 | 509.55 | 4246.25 |
疣?科Neanridae | - | 84.93 | 84.93 | - | 254.78 | 594.48 | 4501.03 | 254.78 | 84.93 | 424.63 | 254.78 | 679.40 | 7218.63 | |
等翅目Isoptera | 木螱科Kalotermitidae | 84.93 | - | 169.85 | - | - | 424.63 | 254.78 | 509.55 | 84.93 | - | - | - | 1528.65 |
草螱科Hodotermitidae | - | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | |
甲螨亚目 Oribatida | 阿斯甲螨科Astegistidae | 84.93 | 254.78 | 169.85 | - | 84.93 | 254.78 | 339.70 | - | 339.70 | 254.78 | 84.93 | 339.70 | 2208.05 |
矮汉甲螨科Nanhermanniidae | - | - | 84.93 | - | 84.93 | 169.85 | 679.40 | 169.85 | 169.85 | 2208.05 | - | 934.18 | 4501.03 | |
奥甲螨科Oppiidae | 84.93 | - | - | 84.93 | - | 84.93 | 84.93 | - | 169.85 | 254.78 | - | 84.93 | 849.25 | |
步甲螨科Carabodidae | - | - | 84.93 | 84.93 | 84.93 | - | 169.85 | - | - | 84.93 | - | - | 509.55 | |
垂盾甲螨科Scutoverticidae | - | 254.78 | 84.93 | 169.85 | 84.93 | 84.93 | 84.93 | 254.78 | - | 84.93 | 169.85 | 424.63 | 1698.50 | |
短甲螨科Brachychthoniidfae | 84.93 | - | 84.93 | - | 509.55 | 84.93 | 509.55 | 169.85 | 424.63 | 2377.90 | 2123.13 | 1953.28 | 8322.65 | |
跳甲螨科Zetorchestidae | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | - | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | 169.85 | |
盖头甲螨科Tectocepheidae | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | 84.93 | |
罗甲螨科Lohmanniidae | - | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | |
上罗甲螨科Epilohmanniidae | 424.63 | 169.85 | 84.93 | 254.78 | 254.78 | 594.48 | 339.70 | 679.40 | 424.63 | 934.18 | 679.40 | 764.33 | 5605.05 | |
鳞翅目幼虫 Lepidoptera larvae | 尺蛾科Geometridae | - | - | - | 84.93 | - | - | 84.93 | - | 84.93 | 84.93 | - | - | 339.70 |
膜翅目Hymenoptera | 蚁科Formica | - | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | 169.85 |
前气门亚目 Prostigmata | 矮蒲螨科Pygmephoridae | 1019.10 | 424.63 | 6199.53 | 3142.23 | 254.78 | 424.63 | 849.25 | 1783.43 | 84.93 | 5520.13 | 1104.03 | 764.33 | 21570.95 |
赤螨科Erythraeidae | - | 169.85 | 169.85 | 509.55 | 169.85 | 509.55 | 509.55 | 84.93 | 509.55 | 254.78 | 254.78 | 169.85 | 3312.08 | |
大赤螨科Anystidae | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | 254.78 | 509.55 | - | 84.93 | - | - | - | 934.18 | |
缝鄂螨科Raphignathidae | 594.48 | 1019.10 | 1358.80 | 1613.58 | 1953.28 | 1953.28 | 1358.80 | 2208.05 | 1104.03 | 1698.50 | 849.25 | 1358.80 | 17069.93 | |
绒螨科Trombidiidae | 169.85 | - | 424.63 | 1104.03 | 254.78 | 424.63 | 339.70 | 84.93 | 169.85 | 169.85 | 594.48 | 339.70 | 4076.40 | |
腾岛螨科Teneriffidae | - | - | - | 84.93 | 84.93 | 169.85 | 84.93 | 84.93 | 169.85 | 84.93 | - | - | 764.33 | |
吸螨科Bdellidae | - | - | 169.85 | - | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | - | 169.85 | 509.55 | |
叶螨科Tetranychidae | - | 84.93 | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 169.85 | |
异小黑螨科Xenocaligonellidae | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | 84.93 | |
隐鄂螨科Cryptognathidae | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | 84.93 | 84.93 | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | 339.70 | |
长须螨科Stigmaeidae | - | - | 84.93 | - | - | 84.93 | 84.93 | 84.93 | - | 169.85 | 339.70 | - | 849.25 | |
小黑螨科Caligonellidae | - | - | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | |
鞘翅目幼虫 Coleoptera larvae | 叩甲科Elatcridae | 84.93 | 169.85 | 84.93 | - | - | 254.78 | 169.85 | - | 2123.13 | 84.93 | 339.70 | 169.85 | 3481.93 |
双翅目幼虫 Diptera larvae | 尖眼蕈蚊科Sciaridae | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | - | - | 84.93 |
舞虻科Empididae | - | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | 169.85 | 254.78 | |
无气门亚目 Astigmata | 169.85 | 84.93 | 84.93 | 509.55 | 339.70 | 679.40 | 679.40 | 254.78 | 594.48 | 764.33 | 254.78 | 594.48 | 5010.58 | |
缨翅目Thysanoptera | 管蓟马科Phlaeothripidae | - | 169.85 | - | - | 84.93 | 254.78 | 169.85 | 84.93 | 339.70 | 339.70 | 169.85 | 84.93 | 1698.50 |
蜘蛛目Araneae | 平腹蛛科Gnaphosidae | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | - | 84.93 |
中气门亚目 Mesostigmata | 厚厉螨科Pachylaelapidae | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | 84.93 | - | 169.85 | - | 84.93 | 254.78 | 679.40 |
厉瞒科Laelapidae | 84.93 | 254.78 | - | 84.93 | 254.78 | 594.48 | 84.93 | - | 84.93 | 594.48 | 84.93 | 254.78 | 2377.90 | |
美绥螨科Ameroseiidae | - | - | - | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | 84.93 | - | 254.78 | |
囊螨科Ascidae | - | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 339.70 | 84.93 | 509.55 | |
土革螨科Ologamasidae | - | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | |
维螨科Veigaiidae | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | |
植绥螨科Phytoseiidae | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | - | - | 84.93 | 169.85 | 254.78 | 84.93 | 84.93 | 764.33 | |
个体密度Individual density (ind·m-2) | 3057.30 | 3566.85 | 9596.53 | 7813.10 | 5435.20 | 8747.28 | 13078.45 | 7133.70 | 7473.40 | 18258.88 | 8237.73 | 10445.78 | 102844.18 | |
类群数Group number | 13 | 17 | 18 | 13 | 20 | 24 | 26 | 18 | 21 | 25 | 20 | 24 |
表3 氮沉降和降水变化下土壤动物群落组成
Table 3 Community composition of soil fauna under changes in nitrogen deposition and precipitation (2020)
群落组成 Community composition | 个体密度 Individual density (ind·m-2) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
目 Order | 科 Family | R | CK | W | 总数 Total | |||||||||
N0 | N30 | N50 | N100 | N0 | N30 | N50 | N100 | N0 | N30 | N50 | N100 | |||
半翅目Hemiptera | 长蝽科Lygaeidae | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 |
弹尾目Collembola | 等节?科Isotomidae | 84.93 | 84.93 | - | - | 339.70 | 509.55 | 849.25 | 169.85 | 84.93 | 1358.80 | 254.78 | 509.55 | 4246.25 |
疣?科Neanridae | - | 84.93 | 84.93 | - | 254.78 | 594.48 | 4501.03 | 254.78 | 84.93 | 424.63 | 254.78 | 679.40 | 7218.63 | |
等翅目Isoptera | 木螱科Kalotermitidae | 84.93 | - | 169.85 | - | - | 424.63 | 254.78 | 509.55 | 84.93 | - | - | - | 1528.65 |
草螱科Hodotermitidae | - | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | |
甲螨亚目 Oribatida | 阿斯甲螨科Astegistidae | 84.93 | 254.78 | 169.85 | - | 84.93 | 254.78 | 339.70 | - | 339.70 | 254.78 | 84.93 | 339.70 | 2208.05 |
矮汉甲螨科Nanhermanniidae | - | - | 84.93 | - | 84.93 | 169.85 | 679.40 | 169.85 | 169.85 | 2208.05 | - | 934.18 | 4501.03 | |
奥甲螨科Oppiidae | 84.93 | - | - | 84.93 | - | 84.93 | 84.93 | - | 169.85 | 254.78 | - | 84.93 | 849.25 | |
步甲螨科Carabodidae | - | - | 84.93 | 84.93 | 84.93 | - | 169.85 | - | - | 84.93 | - | - | 509.55 | |
垂盾甲螨科Scutoverticidae | - | 254.78 | 84.93 | 169.85 | 84.93 | 84.93 | 84.93 | 254.78 | - | 84.93 | 169.85 | 424.63 | 1698.50 | |
短甲螨科Brachychthoniidfae | 84.93 | - | 84.93 | - | 509.55 | 84.93 | 509.55 | 169.85 | 424.63 | 2377.90 | 2123.13 | 1953.28 | 8322.65 | |
跳甲螨科Zetorchestidae | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | - | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | 169.85 | |
盖头甲螨科Tectocepheidae | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | 84.93 | |
罗甲螨科Lohmanniidae | - | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | |
上罗甲螨科Epilohmanniidae | 424.63 | 169.85 | 84.93 | 254.78 | 254.78 | 594.48 | 339.70 | 679.40 | 424.63 | 934.18 | 679.40 | 764.33 | 5605.05 | |
鳞翅目幼虫 Lepidoptera larvae | 尺蛾科Geometridae | - | - | - | 84.93 | - | - | 84.93 | - | 84.93 | 84.93 | - | - | 339.70 |
膜翅目Hymenoptera | 蚁科Formica | - | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | 169.85 |
前气门亚目 Prostigmata | 矮蒲螨科Pygmephoridae | 1019.10 | 424.63 | 6199.53 | 3142.23 | 254.78 | 424.63 | 849.25 | 1783.43 | 84.93 | 5520.13 | 1104.03 | 764.33 | 21570.95 |
赤螨科Erythraeidae | - | 169.85 | 169.85 | 509.55 | 169.85 | 509.55 | 509.55 | 84.93 | 509.55 | 254.78 | 254.78 | 169.85 | 3312.08 | |
大赤螨科Anystidae | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | 254.78 | 509.55 | - | 84.93 | - | - | - | 934.18 | |
缝鄂螨科Raphignathidae | 594.48 | 1019.10 | 1358.80 | 1613.58 | 1953.28 | 1953.28 | 1358.80 | 2208.05 | 1104.03 | 1698.50 | 849.25 | 1358.80 | 17069.93 | |
绒螨科Trombidiidae | 169.85 | - | 424.63 | 1104.03 | 254.78 | 424.63 | 339.70 | 84.93 | 169.85 | 169.85 | 594.48 | 339.70 | 4076.40 | |
腾岛螨科Teneriffidae | - | - | - | 84.93 | 84.93 | 169.85 | 84.93 | 84.93 | 169.85 | 84.93 | - | - | 764.33 | |
吸螨科Bdellidae | - | - | 169.85 | - | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | - | 169.85 | 509.55 | |
叶螨科Tetranychidae | - | 84.93 | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 169.85 | |
异小黑螨科Xenocaligonellidae | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | 84.93 | |
隐鄂螨科Cryptognathidae | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | 84.93 | 84.93 | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | 339.70 | |
长须螨科Stigmaeidae | - | - | 84.93 | - | - | 84.93 | 84.93 | 84.93 | - | 169.85 | 339.70 | - | 849.25 | |
小黑螨科Caligonellidae | - | - | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | |
鞘翅目幼虫 Coleoptera larvae | 叩甲科Elatcridae | 84.93 | 169.85 | 84.93 | - | - | 254.78 | 169.85 | - | 2123.13 | 84.93 | 339.70 | 169.85 | 3481.93 |
双翅目幼虫 Diptera larvae | 尖眼蕈蚊科Sciaridae | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | - | - | 84.93 |
舞虻科Empididae | - | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | 169.85 | 254.78 | |
无气门亚目 Astigmata | 169.85 | 84.93 | 84.93 | 509.55 | 339.70 | 679.40 | 679.40 | 254.78 | 594.48 | 764.33 | 254.78 | 594.48 | 5010.58 | |
缨翅目Thysanoptera | 管蓟马科Phlaeothripidae | - | 169.85 | - | - | 84.93 | 254.78 | 169.85 | 84.93 | 339.70 | 339.70 | 169.85 | 84.93 | 1698.50 |
蜘蛛目Araneae | 平腹蛛科Gnaphosidae | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | - | 84.93 |
中气门亚目 Mesostigmata | 厚厉螨科Pachylaelapidae | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | 84.93 | - | 169.85 | - | 84.93 | 254.78 | 679.40 |
厉瞒科Laelapidae | 84.93 | 254.78 | - | 84.93 | 254.78 | 594.48 | 84.93 | - | 84.93 | 594.48 | 84.93 | 254.78 | 2377.90 | |
美绥螨科Ameroseiidae | - | - | - | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | 84.93 | - | 254.78 | |
囊螨科Ascidae | - | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 339.70 | 84.93 | 509.55 | |
土革螨科Ologamasidae | - | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | |
维螨科Veigaiidae | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | |
植绥螨科Phytoseiidae | - | - | - | - | 84.93 | - | - | 84.93 | 169.85 | 254.78 | 84.93 | 84.93 | 764.33 | |
个体密度Individual density (ind·m-2) | 3057.30 | 3566.85 | 9596.53 | 7813.10 | 5435.20 | 8747.28 | 13078.45 | 7133.70 | 7473.40 | 18258.88 | 8237.73 | 10445.78 | 102844.18 | |
类群数Group number | 13 | 17 | 18 | 13 | 20 | 24 | 26 | 18 | 21 | 25 | 20 | 24 |
图2 2016和2020年不同氮梯度和降水条件下中小型土壤节肢动物优势类群组成RN0: 减雨处理×0 kg·hm-2·a-1氮素处理Reduce rainfall treatment×0 kg·ha-1·yr-1 nitrogen treatment; RN30: 减雨处理×30 kg·hm-2·a-1氮素处理Reduce rainfall treatment×30 kg·ha-1·yr-1 nitrogen treatment; RN50: 减雨处理×50 kg·hm-2·a-1氮素处理Reduce rainfall treatment×50 kg·ha-1·yr-1 nitrogen treatment; RN100: 减雨处理×100 kg·hm-2·a-1氮素处理Reduce rainfall treatment×100 kg·ha-1·yr-1 nitrogen treatment; CKN0: 自然降水处理×0 kg·hm-2·a-1氮素处理Natural precipitation treatment×0 kg·ha-1·yr-1 nitrogen treatment; CKN30: 自然降水处理×30 kg·hm-2·a-1氮素处理Natural precipitation treatment×30 kg·ha-1·yr-1 nitrogen treatment; CKN50: 自然降水处理×50 kg·hm-2·a-1氮素处理Natural precipitation treatment×50 kg·ha-1·yr-1 nitrogen treatment; CKN100: 自然降水处理×100 kg·hm-2·a-1氮素处理Natural precipitation treatment×100 kg·ha-1·yr-1 nitrogen treatment; WN0: 增雨处理×0 kg·hm-2·a-1氮素处理Rainfall enhancement treatment×0 kg·ha-1·yr-1 nitrogen treatment; WN30: 增雨处理×30 kg·hm-2·a-1氮素处理Rainfall enhancement treatment×30 kg·ha-1·yr-1 nitrogen treatment; WN50: 增雨处理×50 kg·hm-2·a-1氮素处理Rainfall enhancement treatment×50 kg·ha-1·yr-1 nitrogen treatment; WN100: 增雨处理×100 kg·hm-2·a-1氮素处理Rainfall enhancement treatment×100 kg·ha-1·yr-1 nitrogen treatment. 下同The same below.
Fig.2 Composition of dominant groups of soil meso- and micro-fauna under different nitrogen gradients and precipitation conditions in 2016 and 2020
处理 Treatment | 个体密度Individual density (ind·m-2) | |
---|---|---|
2016 | 2020 | |
RN0 | 820.94±56.62 | 1019.10±435.80 |
RN30 | 1670.19±123.39 | 1556.96±700.88 |
RN50 | 792.63±123.39 | 2802.53±552.56 |
RN100 | 849.25±196.13 | 2604.37±982.26 |
CKN0 | 934.18±147.09 | 1811.73±149.79 |
CKN30 | 764.33±49.03 | 2915.76±620.85 |
CKN50 | 1868.35±176.79 | 3708.39±481.24 |
CKN100 | 1387.11±172.19 | 2377.90±449.38 |
WN0 | 1358.80±98.06 | 2491.13±599.17 |
WN30 | 2802.53±49.03 | 6086.29±172.19 |
WN50 | 1075.72±102.07 | 2745.91±613.06 |
WN100 | 1330.49±102.07 | 3481.93±482.90 |
三因素方差分析结果Outcome of three-way ANOVA | ||
Y | *** | |
W | *** | |
N | *** | |
Y×W | * | |
Y×N | NS | |
W×N | *** | |
Y×W×N | * |
表4 不同年份、水分处理和不同施氮梯度对土壤中小型节肢动物个体密度的影响及其三因素方差分析
Table 4 Effects of different years, water treatment and nitrogen gradients on the individual density of soil meso- and micro-fauna and three-factor ANOVA
处理 Treatment | 个体密度Individual density (ind·m-2) | |
---|---|---|
2016 | 2020 | |
RN0 | 820.94±56.62 | 1019.10±435.80 |
RN30 | 1670.19±123.39 | 1556.96±700.88 |
RN50 | 792.63±123.39 | 2802.53±552.56 |
RN100 | 849.25±196.13 | 2604.37±982.26 |
CKN0 | 934.18±147.09 | 1811.73±149.79 |
CKN30 | 764.33±49.03 | 2915.76±620.85 |
CKN50 | 1868.35±176.79 | 3708.39±481.24 |
CKN100 | 1387.11±172.19 | 2377.90±449.38 |
WN0 | 1358.80±98.06 | 2491.13±599.17 |
WN30 | 2802.53±49.03 | 6086.29±172.19 |
WN50 | 1075.72±102.07 | 2745.91±613.06 |
WN100 | 1330.49±102.07 | 3481.93±482.90 |
三因素方差分析结果Outcome of three-way ANOVA | ||
Y | *** | |
W | *** | |
N | *** | |
Y×W | * | |
Y×N | NS | |
W×N | *** | |
Y×W×N | * |
图3 2016和2020年不同氮梯度和降水条件下中小型土壤节肢动物垂直分布情况对比不同大写字母表示相同处理不同年份间差异显著(P<0.05),不同小写字母表示相同年份不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences between different years of the same treatment (P<0.05), and different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among the different treatments of the same year (P<0.05).
Fig.3 Comparison of vertical distribution of soil meso- and micro-fauna under different nitrogen gradients and precipitation conditions in 2016 and 2020
处理 Treatment | 优势度指数Simpson index | 多样性指数Shannon index | 均匀度指数Pielou index | 丰富度指数Margalef index | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2016 | 2020 | 2016 | 2020 | 2016 | 2020 | 2016 | 2020 | |
RN0 | 0.26±0.04 | 0.21±0.04 | 1.85±0.45 | 1.86±0.13 | 0.95±0.05 | 0.90±0.01 | 2.78±1.01 | 2.63±0.45 |
RN30 | 0.19±0.04 | 0.12±0.02 | 1.72±0.45 | 2.05±0.15 | 0.78±0.13 | 0.94±0.04 | 2.66±0.73 | 3.24±0.26 |
RN50 | 0.35±0.13 | 0.22±0.04 | 1.59±0.13 | 1.29±0.14 | 0.89±0.07 | 0.72±0.16 | 2.27±0.32 | 2.10±0.27 |
RN100 | 0.36±0.18 | 0.26±0.03 | 1.54±0.52 | 1.56±0.18 | 0.91±0.05 | 0.80±0.04 | 2.09±0.97 | 2.00±0.30 |
CKN0 | 0.49±0.33 | 0.19±0.05 | 1.59±0.11 | 1.92±0.16 | 0.86±0.05 | 0.85±0.04 | 2.27±0.27 | 2.85±0.28 |
CKN30 | 0.24±0.04 | 0.18±0.02 | 1.79±0.17 | 1.99±0.50 | 0.95±0.02 | 0.74±0.17 | 2.57±0.33 | 3.88±0.43 |
CKN50 | 0.47±0.09 | 0.16±0.01 | 1.55±0.50 | 2.00±0.24 | 0.73±0.09 | 0.80±0.06 | 2.45±1.12 | 3.14±0.54 |
CKN100 | 0.44±0.09 | 0.12±0.02 | 1.98±0.34 | 1.71±0.09 | 0.95±0.16 | 0.80±0.05 | 2.51±0.14 | 2.34±0.24 |
WN0 | 0.19±0.10 | 0.20±0.01 | 1.79±0.27 | 2.12±0.18 | 0.90±0.09 | 0.84±0.07 | 2.28±0.28 | 3.54±0.15 |
WN30 | 0.29±0.16 | 0.16±0.01 | 1.89±0.16 | 2.15±0.10 | 0.78±0.03 | 0.80±0.06 | 2.96±0.38 | 3.49±0.30 |
WN50 | 0.25±0.05 | 0.39±0.09 | 1.06±0.16 | 2.11±0.12 | 0.70±0.10 | 0.87±0.02 | 1.43±0.29 | 3.08±0.34 |
WN100 | 0.27±0.12 | 0.28±0.03 | 1.19±0.23 | 2.40±0.10 | 0.69±0.06 | 0.88±0.02 | 1.69±0.42 | 3.88±0.18 |
三因素方差分析结果Outcome of three-way ANOVA | ||||||||
Y | *** | ** | NS | *** | ||||
W | *** | NS | NS | NS | ||||
N | NS | NS | NS | ** | ||||
Y×W | NS | ** | NS | ** | ||||
Y×N | NS | NS | NS | NS | ||||
W×N | NS | NS | NS | NS | ||||
Y×W×N | NS | NS | * | NS |
表5 不同年份、水分处理和不同施氮梯度对土壤中小型节肢动物群落多样性的影响及其三因素方差分析
Table 5 Effects of different years, water treatment and nitrogen gradients on the diversity of soil meso- and micro-fauna communities and three-factor ANOVA
处理 Treatment | 优势度指数Simpson index | 多样性指数Shannon index | 均匀度指数Pielou index | 丰富度指数Margalef index | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2016 | 2020 | 2016 | 2020 | 2016 | 2020 | 2016 | 2020 | |
RN0 | 0.26±0.04 | 0.21±0.04 | 1.85±0.45 | 1.86±0.13 | 0.95±0.05 | 0.90±0.01 | 2.78±1.01 | 2.63±0.45 |
RN30 | 0.19±0.04 | 0.12±0.02 | 1.72±0.45 | 2.05±0.15 | 0.78±0.13 | 0.94±0.04 | 2.66±0.73 | 3.24±0.26 |
RN50 | 0.35±0.13 | 0.22±0.04 | 1.59±0.13 | 1.29±0.14 | 0.89±0.07 | 0.72±0.16 | 2.27±0.32 | 2.10±0.27 |
RN100 | 0.36±0.18 | 0.26±0.03 | 1.54±0.52 | 1.56±0.18 | 0.91±0.05 | 0.80±0.04 | 2.09±0.97 | 2.00±0.30 |
CKN0 | 0.49±0.33 | 0.19±0.05 | 1.59±0.11 | 1.92±0.16 | 0.86±0.05 | 0.85±0.04 | 2.27±0.27 | 2.85±0.28 |
CKN30 | 0.24±0.04 | 0.18±0.02 | 1.79±0.17 | 1.99±0.50 | 0.95±0.02 | 0.74±0.17 | 2.57±0.33 | 3.88±0.43 |
CKN50 | 0.47±0.09 | 0.16±0.01 | 1.55±0.50 | 2.00±0.24 | 0.73±0.09 | 0.80±0.06 | 2.45±1.12 | 3.14±0.54 |
CKN100 | 0.44±0.09 | 0.12±0.02 | 1.98±0.34 | 1.71±0.09 | 0.95±0.16 | 0.80±0.05 | 2.51±0.14 | 2.34±0.24 |
WN0 | 0.19±0.10 | 0.20±0.01 | 1.79±0.27 | 2.12±0.18 | 0.90±0.09 | 0.84±0.07 | 2.28±0.28 | 3.54±0.15 |
WN30 | 0.29±0.16 | 0.16±0.01 | 1.89±0.16 | 2.15±0.10 | 0.78±0.03 | 0.80±0.06 | 2.96±0.38 | 3.49±0.30 |
WN50 | 0.25±0.05 | 0.39±0.09 | 1.06±0.16 | 2.11±0.12 | 0.70±0.10 | 0.87±0.02 | 1.43±0.29 | 3.08±0.34 |
WN100 | 0.27±0.12 | 0.28±0.03 | 1.19±0.23 | 2.40±0.10 | 0.69±0.06 | 0.88±0.02 | 1.69±0.42 | 3.88±0.18 |
三因素方差分析结果Outcome of three-way ANOVA | ||||||||
Y | *** | ** | NS | *** | ||||
W | *** | NS | NS | NS | ||||
N | NS | NS | NS | ** | ||||
Y×W | NS | ** | NS | ** | ||||
Y×N | NS | NS | NS | NS | ||||
W×N | NS | NS | NS | NS | ||||
Y×W×N | NS | NS | * | NS |
图4 2016和2020年不同施氮梯度和降水条件下中小型土壤节肢动物PCoA分析对比选取中小型土壤节肢动物科水平数据进行PCoA分析。Soil meso- and micro-fauna family level data were selected for PCoA analysis.
Fig.4 Comparison of PCoA analysis of soil meso- and micro-fauna under different N gradients and precipitation conditions in 2016 and 2020
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