水杨酸和复合甲壳素对留兰香生长与营养品质的影响

doi:10.11686/cyxb2025426

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究水杨酸与复合甲壳素单独及联合施用对留兰香生长和营养品质的影响，采用叶面喷施方式设置5个处理（对照组、乙醇溶剂组、300 mg·L^-1水杨酸、0.4%复合甲壳素、联合处理组），处理60 d后测定植株生长、光合特性及营养品质相关指标。结果表明：与对照组相比，水杨酸和复合甲壳素单独处理均能显著促进留兰香的生长并改善营养品质，而联合处理组的促进作用最为突出，显著提高了留兰香生物量、根系指标和光合参数，增强了氮、磷、钾养分的吸收效率，同时提升了总糖、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维基础营养成分以及总酚、总黄酮、抗坏血酸抗氧化物质的含量，其中总糖、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗纤维含量较对照组分别提高了56.78%、26.77%、26.58%和38.24%。隶属函数分析显示，各处理营养品质的综合评价排序为联合处理组>复合甲壳素处理组>水杨酸处理组>对照组>乙醇溶剂组。本研究可为利用水杨酸与复合甲壳素协同提升留兰香营养品质提供参考。

关键词: 留兰香, 水杨酸, 复合甲壳素, 联合处理, 营养品质

Abstract:

In this study， we investigated the effects of salicylic acid and complex chitin as single and combined treatments on the growth and nutritional quality of spearmint （Mentha spicata）. The experiment consisted of a control and four treatments： Ethanol， 300 mg·L^-1 salicylic acid， 0.4% w/v complex chitin， and the combined treatment （300 mg·L^-1 salicylic acid + 0.4% complex chitin）. At 60 days after treatment， plant growth， photosynthetic characteristics， and nutritional quality indexes were determined. The results show that， compared with the control plants， the plants treated with salicylic acid and complex chitin showed significantly increased growth and nutritional quality. The combined treatment had the most significant effect， resulting in significantly increased biomass， root system indexes， and photosynthetic parameters； increased absorption efficiency of nitrogen， phosphorus， and potassium； and increased contents of basic nutritional components （total sugars， crude protein， crude fat， and crude fiber） and antioxidant substances （total phenols， total flavonoids， and ascorbic acid）. Specifically， the contents of total sugars， crude protein， crude fat， and crude fiber were 56.78%， 26.77%， 26.58%， and 38.24% higher， respectively， in the combined treatment compared with the control. A membership function analysis of multiple traits ranked the treatments， from highest nutritional quality of spearmint plants to lowest， as follows： combined treatment > complex chitin treatment > salicylic acid treatment > control > ethanol treatment. The results of this study provide a reference for synergistically improving the nutritional quality of spearmint using salicylic acid and complex chitin.

Key words: spearmint, salicylic acid, complex chitin, combined treatment, nutritional quality

刘新颖, 鉴晶晶, 赵琬璐, 崔灿, 杨帆, 严俊鑫, 何睦. 水杨酸和复合甲壳素对留兰香生长与营养品质的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2026, 35(10): 180-191.

Xin-ying LIU, Jing-jing JIAN, Wan-lu ZHAO, Can CUI, Fan YANG, Jun-xin YAN, Mu HE. Effects of salicylic acid and complex chitin on the growth and nutritional quality of spearmint[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2026, 35(10): 180-191.

图/表 9

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处理 Treatment	叶鲜重 Leaf fresh weight	叶干重 Leaf dry weight	茎鲜重 Stem fresh weight	茎干重 Stem dry weight	根鲜重 Root fresh weight	根干重 Root dry weight
对照Control	11.29±1.85b	1.87±0.34c	8.49±1.09c	2.17±0.32b	4.72±0.37d	1.56±0.18d
ETH	10.60±1.69b	1.73±0.31c	8.53±1.60c	2.15±0.42b	4.43±0.35d	1.43±0.17d
SA	15.40±0.71a	3.18±0.22b	13.96±1.02ab	3.36±0.29a	6.50±0.63c	2.05±0.22c
CC	15.60±1.77a	3.13±0.38b	12.31±0.57b	3.05±0.19a	7.54±0.45b	2.36±0.09b
SACC	17.69±2.00a	3.85±0.43a	14.18±0.79a	3.54±0.16a	10.17±0.78a	3.04±0.16a

处理 Treatment	叶鲜重 Leaf fresh weight	叶干重 Leaf dry weight	茎鲜重 Stem fresh weight	茎干重 Stem dry weight	根鲜重 Root fresh weight	根干重 Root dry weight
对照Control	11.29±1.85b	1.87±0.34c	8.49±1.09c	2.17±0.32b	4.72±0.37d	1.56±0.18d
ETH	10.60±1.69b	1.73±0.31c	8.53±1.60c	2.15±0.42b	4.43±0.35d	1.43±0.17d
SA	15.40±0.71a	3.18±0.22b	13.96±1.02ab	3.36±0.29a	6.50±0.63c	2.05±0.22c
CC	15.60±1.77a	3.13±0.38b	12.31±0.57b	3.05±0.19a	7.54±0.45b	2.36±0.09b
SACC	17.69±2.00a	3.85±0.43a	14.18±0.79a	3.54±0.16a	10.17±0.78a	3.04±0.16a

处理 Treatment	根系总长 Total length of root system （cm）	根系总面积 Total area of root system （cm2）	根系总体积 Total volume of root system （cm3）	根系分叉数 Number of root forks	根系平均直径 Roots average diameter （mm）	株高 Plant height （cm）
对照Control	327.17±11.32d	90.50±3.62d	6.00±0.30c	161.17±14.50c	0.43±0.03d	44.23±3.96c
ETH	308.17±10.50d	83.17±3.19e	5.35±0.39d	211.50±22.72b	0.51±0.05c	46.90±3.22c
SA	466.33±18.14c	111.34±4.72c	7.52±0.37b	258.00±12.76a	0.60±0.05b	53.70±0.84ab
CC	512.33±22.22b	122.00±3.85b	8.03±0.31b	248.67±18.89a	0.66±0.02b	49.47±5.08bc
SACC	568.50±15.63a	143.83±4.67a	8.75±0.33a	279.83±21.50a	0.73±0.02a	56.13±4.98a

处理 Treatment	根系总长 Total length of root system （cm）	根系总面积 Total area of root system （cm2）	根系总体积 Total volume of root system （cm3）	根系分叉数 Number of root forks	根系平均直径 Roots average diameter （mm）	株高 Plant height （cm）
对照Control	327.17±11.32d	90.50±3.62d	6.00±0.30c	161.17±14.50c	0.43±0.03d	44.23±3.96c
ETH	308.17±10.50d	83.17±3.19e	5.35±0.39d	211.50±22.72b	0.51±0.05c	46.90±3.22c
SA	466.33±18.14c	111.34±4.72c	7.52±0.37b	258.00±12.76a	0.60±0.05b	53.70±0.84ab
CC	512.33±22.22b	122.00±3.85b	8.03±0.31b	248.67±18.89a	0.66±0.02b	49.47±5.08bc
SACC	568.50±15.63a	143.83±4.67a	8.75±0.33a	279.83±21.50a	0.73±0.02a	56.13±4.98a

处理 Treatment	净光合速率 Net photosynthetic rate （μmol·m^-2·s^-1）	胞间二氧化碳浓度 Intercellular carbon dioxide concentration （μmol·mol^-1）	气孔导度 Stomatal conductance （mol·m^-2·s^-1）	蒸腾速率 Transpiration rate （mmol·m^-2·s^-1）
对照Control	10.03±1.72c	276.00±10.68ab	0.32±0.04b	2.83±0.07d
ETH	10.79±1.33bc	274.67±8.40ab	0.33±0.02b	2.99±0.18cd
SA	12.80±1.55ab	289.33±5.01a	0.28±0.02b	3.12±0.23bc
CC	11.61±1.50bc	262.83±8.13b	0.39±0.01a	3.32±0.11ab
SACC	14.53±0.99a	290.50±13.28a	0.42±0.02a	3.41±0.16a